Phlebotomy 6

Question 1

thin fluid sac surrounding the heart

Answer 1

pericardium

Question 2

thin outer layer of the heart

Answer 2

epicardium

Question 3

middle muscle layer of the heart

Answer 3

myocardium

Question 4

thin inner layer that covers the flaps of the heart valves and lines the chambers

Answer 4

endocardium

Question 5

upper chambers of the heart that receive blood

Answer 5

atria

Question 6

lower chambers of the heart; pumping/delivering chambers

Answer 6

ventricles

Question 7

valves at the entrance of ventricles

Answer 7

atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 8

left AV valve

Answer 8

mitral valve

Question 9

right AV valve

Answer 9

tricuspid valve

Question 10

thin threads of tissue attached to the ventricular walls

Answer 10

chordae tendineae

Question 11

valves exiting the ventricles

Answer 11

semilunar valves

Question 12

separates left and right atriums

Answer 12

interatrial septum

Question 13

separates left and right ventricles

Answer 13

interventricular septum

Question 14

blood flow through arteries/veins

Answer 14

coronary (cardiac) circulation

Question 15

chest pain usually due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

Answer 15

angina

Question 16

plaque build-up, narrowing coronary arteries which reduce blood flow

Answer 16

atherosclerosis

Question 17

reduced blood flow

Answer 17

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Question 18

partial obstruction of a coronary artery or one of its branches; can reduce blood flow to a point at which it doesn’t meet oxygen needs

Answer 18

myocardial ischemia

Question 19

heart attack due to necrosis of surrounding tissue

Answer 19

miocardial infarction (MI)

Question 20

one complete contraction & subsequent relaxation of the heart, lasting 0.8s

Answer 20

cardiac cycle

Question 21

contracting phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 21

systole

Question 22

relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer 22

diastole

Question 23

pacemaker; initiates cardiac contractions

Answer 23

sinoatrial node (SA)

Question 24

graphic record of heart’s electrical activity; includes: P wave, QRS complex, and T wave

Answer 24

electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

Question 25

irregularity in the heart's rate, rhythm, or beat

Answer 25

arrhythmia

Question 26

force or tension exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels (mmHg)

Answer 26

blood pressure

Question 27

arterial pressure during contraction of the ventricles

Answer 27

systolic pressure

Question 28

arterial pressure during relaxation

Answer 28

diastolic pressure

Question 29

carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to remove CO2 and pickup O2; oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium

Answer 29

pulmonary circulation

Question 30

carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle to body cells and returns blood to the right atrium with CO2 and other wastes from metabolism

Answer 30

systemic circulation

Question 31

blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart

Answer 31

arteries

Question 32

largest artery

Answer 32

aorta

Question 33

blood vessels returning blood to the heart

Answer 33

veins

Question 34

microscopic, one-cell thick vessels that connect arterioles and venules

Answer 34

capillaries

Question 35

the outer layer of a blood vessel; made up of connective tissue; thicker in arteries than veins

Answer 35

tunica adventitia

Question 36

the middle layer of a blood vessel; thickest layer made up of smooth muscle tissue and elastic fibers; thicker in arteries than veins

Answer 36

tunica media

Question 37

the inner layer of a blood vessel; made up of a single layer of endothelial cells with an underlaying basement membrane, a connective tissue layer, and an elastic internal membrane

Answer 37

tunica intima

Question 38

"in front of the elbow"

Answer 38

antecubital

Question 39

vein of the inner arm above the median and ulnar nerves

Answer 39

basilic vein

Question 40

vein of the outer arm above the musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 40

cephalic vein

Question 41

the middle vein above the radial artery and the median nerve

Answer 41

median cubital vein

Question 42

major arm nerve close to the basilic vein

Answer 42

median nerve

Question 43

major arm artery close to the basilic vein

Answer 43

brachial artery

Question 44

first choice of puncture in the "M" shaped patterns (middle arm)

Answer 44

median vein

Question 45

second choice of puncture in the "M" shaped patterns (outer arm)

Answer 45

median cephalic vein

Question 46

last choice of puncture in the "M" shaped pattern (inner arm)

Answer 46

median basilic vein

Question 47

fibrous membrane offering some protection to nerves and arteries

Answer 47

bicipital aponeurosis

Question 48

fluid portion of blood

Answer 48

plasma

Question 49

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

Answer 49

formed elements

Question 50

RBCs; anuclear, biconcave, disks; have intravascular function; carries O2 from lungs to cells and CO2 from cells back to lungs

Answer 50

erythrocytes

Question 51

white blood cells (WBCs)

Answer 51

leukocytes

Question 52

polymorphonuclear, "polys" or "PMNs"; destroy pathogens by phagocytosis

Answer 52

neutrophils

Question 53

ingest and detox foreign protein, turn off immune reactions, and increase with allergies or parasites

Answer 53

eosinophils

Question 54

cells that release histamine and heparin

Answer 54

basophils

Question 55

largest WBC, also called "macrophage"

Answer 55

monocytes

Question 56

T and B cells of the adaptive immune response

Answer 56

lymphocytes

Question 57

platelets or cell fragments; used in coagulation and hemostasis

Answer 57

thrombocytes

Question 58

large bone marrow cells that release platelets

Answer 58

megakaryocytes

Question 59

blood group system with four types: A, B, AB, and O; based on the presence or absence of antigens A & B

Answer 59

ABO

Question 60

blood group system based on presence or absence of RBC antigen or D antigen

Answer 60

Rh

Question 61

remaining fluid portion after blood separates from the clot

Answer 61

serum

Question 62

coagulation factor that is used up during the clotting process

Answer 62

fibrinogen

Question 63

whitish colored middle layer of WBCs and platelets that forms when whole blood is centrifuged

Answer 63

buffy coat

Question 64

blood in the same form as in the blood stream

Answer 64

whole blood

Question 65

arrest or stoppage of bleeding to stop loss of blood from injury

Answer 65

hemostasis

Question 66

conversion of liquid into semisolid gel called a clot

Answer 66

coagulation

Question 67

main coagulation enzyme

Answer 67

thrombin

Question 68

elastic thread-like protein forming a mesh trap for platelets during coagulation

Answer 68

fibrin

Question 69

process of hemostasis and coagulation originating "outside"; tissue factor (TF) pathway

Answer 69

extrinsic

Question 70

process of hemostasis and coagulation originating "inside"; contact-activation pathway

Answer 70

intrinsic

Question 71

in a test tube

Answer 71

in vitro

Question 72

in a living body

Answer 72

in vivo

Question 73

reduction in the diameter of the blood vessel caused by contraction of smooth muscle fibers in the tunica media

Answer 73

vasoconstriction

Question 74

involves adhesion, activation, and aggregation of platelets

Answer 74

platelet plug

Question 75

involved with greater tissue damage; strong coagulation where primary platelet plug becomes a stable blood clot

Answer 75

hemostatic plug

Question 76

process where fibrin dissolves: involves dissolving clots that form within intact vessels & removes hemostatic clots in the tissue as it heals; made possible by plasminogen release in the vessel lining and WBCs, which breaks down fibrin, creating fibrin degradation products

Answer 76

fibrinolysis

Question 77

returns tissue fluid to the blood stream and protects body from microorganisms/impurities

Answer 77

lymphatic system