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Phlebotomy > Phlebotomy 6 > Flashcards

Phlebotomy 6 Flashcards

1
Q

thin fluid sac surrounding the heart

A

pericardium

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2
Q

thin outer layer of the heart

A

epicardium

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3
Q

middle muscle layer of the heart

A

myocardium

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4
Q

thin inner layer that covers the flaps of the heart valves and lines the chambers

A

endocardium

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5
Q

upper chambers of the heart that receive blood

A

atria

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6
Q

lower chambers of the heart; pumping/delivering chambers

A

ventricles

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7
Q

valves at the entrance of ventricles

A

atrioventricular (AV) valves

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8
Q

left AV valve

A

mitral valve

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9
Q

right AV valve

A

tricuspid valve

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10
Q

thin threads of tissue attached to the ventricular walls

A

chordae tendineae

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11
Q

valves exiting the ventricles

A

semilunar valves

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12
Q

separates left and right atriums

A

interatrial septum

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13
Q

separates left and right ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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14
Q

blood flow through arteries/veins

A

coronary (cardiac) circulation

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15
Q

chest pain usually due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle

A

angina

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16
Q

plaque build-up, narrowing coronary arteries which reduce blood flow

A

atherosclerosis

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17
Q

reduced blood flow

A

coronary artery disease (CAD)

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18
Q

partial obstruction of a coronary artery or one of its branches; can reduce blood flow to a point at which it doesn’t meet oxygen needs

A

myocardial ischemia

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19
Q

heart attack due to necrosis of surrounding tissue

A

miocardial infarction (MI)

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20
Q

one complete contraction & subsequent relaxation of the heart, lasting 0.8s

A

cardiac cycle

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21
Q

contracting phase of the cardiac cycle

A

systole

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22
Q

relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle

A

diastole

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23
Q

pacemaker; initiates cardiac contractions

A

sinoatrial node (SA)

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24
Q

graphic record of heart’s electrical activity; includes: P wave, QRS complex, and T wave

A

electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)

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25
Q

irregularity in the heart’s rate, rhythm, or beat

A

arrhythmia

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26
Q

force or tension exerted by blood on the walls of blood vessels (mmHg)

A

blood pressure

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27
Q

arterial pressure during contraction of the ventricles

A

systolic pressure

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28
Q

arterial pressure during relaxation

A

diastolic pressure

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29
Q

carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to remove CO2 and pickup O2; oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium

A

pulmonary circulation

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30
Q

carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from the left ventricle to body cells and returns blood to the right atrium with CO2 and other wastes from metabolism

A

systemic circulation

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31
Q

blood vessels carrying blood away from the heart

A

arteries

32
Q

largest artery

A

aorta

33
Q

blood vessels returning blood to the heart

A

veins

34
Q

microscopic, one-cell thick vessels that connect arterioles and venules

A

capillaries

35
Q

the outer layer of a blood vessel; made up of connective tissue; thicker in arteries than veins

A

tunica adventitia

36
Q

the middle layer of a blood vessel; thickest layer made up of smooth muscle tissue and elastic fibers; thicker in arteries than veins

A

tunica media

37
Q

the inner layer of a blood vessel; made up of a single layer of endothelial cells with an underlaying basement membrane, a connective tissue layer, and an elastic internal membrane

A

tunica intima

38
Q

“in front of the elbow”

A

antecubital

39
Q

vein of the inner arm above the median and ulnar nerves

A

basilic vein

40
Q

vein of the outer arm above the musculocutaneous nerve

A

cephalic vein

41
Q

the middle vein above the radial artery and the median nerve

A

median cubital vein

42
Q

major arm nerve close to the basilic vein

A

median nerve

43
Q

major arm artery close to the basilic vein

A

brachial artery

44
Q

first choice of puncture in the “M” shaped patterns (middle arm)

A

median vein

45
Q

second choice of puncture in the “M” shaped patterns (outer arm)

A

median cephalic vein

46
Q

last choice of puncture in the “M” shaped pattern (inner arm)

A

median basilic vein

47
Q

fibrous membrane offering some protection to nerves and arteries

A

bicipital aponeurosis

48
Q

fluid portion of blood

A

plasma

49
Q

erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes

A

formed elements

50
Q

RBCs; anuclear, biconcave, disks; have intravascular function; carries O2 from lungs to cells and CO2 from cells back to lungs

A

erythrocytes

51
Q

white blood cells (WBCs)

A

leukocytes

52
Q

polymorphonuclear, “polys” or “PMNs”; destroy pathogens by phagocytosis

A

neutrophils

53
Q

ingest and detox foreign protein, turn off immune reactions, and increase with allergies or parasites

A

eosinophils

54
Q

cells that release histamine and heparin

A

basophils

55
Q

largest WBC, also called “macrophage”

A

monocytes

56
Q

T and B cells of the adaptive immune response

A

lymphocytes

57
Q

platelets or cell fragments; used in coagulation and hemostasis

A

thrombocytes

58
Q

large bone marrow cells that release platelets

A

megakaryocytes

59
Q

blood group system with four types: A, B, AB, and O; based on the presence or absence of antigens A & B

A

ABO

60
Q

blood group system based on presence or absence of RBC antigen or D antigen

A

Rh

61
Q

remaining fluid portion after blood separates from the clot

A

serum

62
Q

coagulation factor that is used up during the clotting process

A

fibrinogen

63
Q

whitish colored middle layer of WBCs and platelets that forms when whole blood is centrifuged

A

buffy coat

64
Q

blood in the same form as in the blood stream

A

whole blood

65
Q

arrest or stoppage of bleeding to stop loss of blood from injury

A

hemostasis

66
Q

conversion of liquid into semisolid gel called a clot

A

coagulation

67
Q

main coagulation enzyme

A

thrombin

68
Q

elastic thread-like protein forming a mesh trap for platelets during coagulation

A

fibrin

69
Q

process of hemostasis and coagulation originating “outside”; tissue factor (TF) pathway

A

extrinsic

70
Q

process of hemostasis and coagulation originating “inside”; contact-activation pathway

A

intrinsic

71
Q

in a test tube

A

in vitro

72
Q

in a living body

A

in vivo

73
Q

reduction in the diameter of the blood vessel caused by contraction of smooth muscle fibers in the tunica media

A

vasoconstriction

74
Q

involves adhesion, activation, and aggregation of platelets

A

platelet plug

75
Q

involved with greater tissue damage; strong coagulation where primary platelet plug becomes a stable blood clot

A

hemostatic plug

76
Q

process where fibrin dissolves: involves dissolving clots that form within intact vessels & removes hemostatic clots in the tissue as it heals; made possible by plasminogen release in the vessel lining and WBCs, which breaks down fibrin, creating fibrin degradation products

A

fibrinolysis

77
Q

returns tissue fluid to the blood stream and protects body from microorganisms/impurities

A

lymphatic system

Phlebotomy (14 decks)

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