Photocarcinogenesis

Question 1

what does an oncogene do?

Answer 1

positively regulated cell division

drives tumour formation

Question 2

name 2 common oncogenes

Answer 2

Ras and Raf

Question 3

what do tumour suppressors do?

Answer 3

form of gene that negatively regulates cell division

prevents formation of a tumour

Question 4

name 2 common tumour suppressors

Answer 4

Rb

TP53 (p53)

Question 5

the ___________ skin type has _ different types of skin

Answer 5

the FITZPATRICK skin type has 6 different types of skin:

I. II. III, IV, V, VI

Question 6

eumelanin is what colour?

Answer 6

black/brown

Question 7

pheomelanin is what colour?

Answer 7

yellow

Question 8

UVB causes ______ DNA damage

Answer 8

UVB causes DIRECT DNA damage

Question 9

UVA causes ________ oxidative damage

Answer 9

UVA causes INDIRECT oxidative damage

Question 10

does UVA or UVB penetrate more deeply into the skin?

Answer 10

UVA

Question 11

which is more damaging, UVA or UVB?

Answer 11

UVB (1000x more)

Question 12

UVB is only at its worse when?

Answer 12

sun is directly overhead

Question 13

name the UVB signature of DNA damage due to the sun

Answer 13

pyrimidine dimer (covalent bonding of 2 adjacent pyrimidines on same DNA strand)

CPDs (cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers)

Question 14

how are UVB induced DNA lesions repaired?

Answer 14

NER

Question 15

name the UVA signature of DNA damage due to the sun

Answer 15

8-oxo-dG lesions

Question 16

how are UVA induced DNA lesions repaired?

Answer 16

BER (base excision repair)

Question 17

UV induced DNA damage also leads to _________________

Answer 17

UV induced DNA damage also leads to IMMUNOSUPPRESSION

Question 18

in BCC, there is a mutation in the ____ gene activating ________ signalling

Answer 18

in BCC, there is a mutation in the PTCH1 gene activating HEDGEHOG signalling

Question 19

name a hedgehog inhibitor

Answer 19

vismodegib

Question 20

name some targeted melanoma drugs

Answer 20

Dasatinib
Imatinib
Vermurafenib*
Dabrafenib
Trametinib
Ipilimumab*
Tremelimumab
Pembrolizumab