Therapeutics and Topicals

Question 1

creams are a semisolid emulsion of ___ in _____

Answer 1

creams are a semisolid emulsion of oil in water

Question 2

what do creams contain?

Answer 2

emulsifiers and preservatives

Question 3

ointments are a semisolid ______/___

for thickened ________ of eczema/psoriasis

Answer 3

ointments are a semisolid GREASE/OIL

for thickened PLAQUES of eczema/psoriasis

Question 4

ointments contain preservatives.

true or false?

Answer 4

false!

ointments DO NOT contain preservatives

Question 5

lotions are suspensions of __________ in _____ or _______

used in _____ places

Answer 5

lotions are suspensions of MEDICATION in WATER or ALCOHOL

used in HAIRY places

Question 6

gels are semi-solids containing ____ ________ ______ _______

Answer 6

gels are semi-solids containing HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT POLYMERS

Question 7

pastes are semisolids containing finely powdered ____ _____ commonly used to treat ___ ______

Answer 7

pastes are semisolids containing finely powdered ZINC OXIDE commonly used to treat LEG ULCERS

Question 8

foams are usually ____________ liquid in continuous phase with foaming agent dispersed in _______ phase

Answer 8

foams are usually HYDROPHILIC liquid in continuous phase with foaming agent dispersed in GASEOUS phase

Question 9

emollients enhance ___________ of the epidermis

Answer 9

emollients enhance REHYDRATION of the epidermis

Question 10

prescribe ___-___g of emollient weekly (BNF)

Answer 10

prescribe 300-500g of emollient weekly (BNF)

Question 11

emollients should be applied immediately after what?

Answer 11

bathing

Question 12

what type of therapy is used in very dry (xerotic) skin?

Answer 12

wet wrap therapy

Question 13

name the 3 modes of action of topical corticosteroids

Answer 13

vasoconstrictive
anti-inflammatory
antiproliferative

Question 14

topical steroids reduce ____________ and cause ______ ___________

Answer 14

topical steroids reduce INFLAMMATION and cause IMMUNE SUPPRESSION

Question 15

what conditions indicate the use of topical steroids? (4)

Answer 15

eczema
psoriasis
lichen plants
keloid scars

Question 16

the rebound affect of steroid on psoriasis causes what?

Answer 16

pustular psoriasis

Question 17

name some common side effects of topical steroids

Answer 17

skin thinning
purpura
stretch marks
telangectasia
rosacea
perioral dermatitis
mask infection
Cushings syndrome
tachyphylaxis
rebound flare - psoriasis

Question 18

what do calicneurin inhibitors (Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus) suppress?

what condition is this a treatment in? and in who?

Answer 18

lymphocyte activation

NSAID

atopic eczema - face of children

Question 19

antiseptics can have 2 effects. name them.

Answer 19

bacteriostatic

bacateriocidal

Question 20

name 3 clinical uses of antiseptics

Answer 20

recurrent infections
antibiotic resistance
wound irrigation

Question 21

what would you use in acute exudative eczema, pompholyx

Answer 21

potassium permanganate rinse/soak/bath

Question 22

name 3 cases you would use an antiviral agent

Answer 22

herpes simplex - topical

eczema herpeticum - topical

herpes zoster (shingles) - oral

Question 23

what condition is it when someone with eczema acquires an infection?

Answer 23

eczema herpeticum (well defined, punched out spots on face)

Question 24

what would you treat candida (thrush), dermatophytes (ringworm) and pityriasis versicolor with?

Answer 24

topical antifungals

Question 25

peripheral scale on a large blemish indicates what?

Answer 25

tinea corporis (ringworm)

Question 26

name the common condition seen in fit healthy individuals with pink inflammation and hyper/hypo pigmentation

Answer 26

pityriasis versicolor

Question 27

name some antipruritics (4)

Answer 27

menthol - derma cool caspsaicin camphor/phenol crotamiton

Question 28

keratolytics are used to soften what? name some conditions

Answer 28

keratin viral warts hyperkeratotic eczema and psoriasis corns and calluses to remove keratin plaques

Question 29

treatment of warts is mechanical pairing plus what?

Answer 29

``` keratolytics such as salicylic acid formaldehyde silver nitrate cryotherapy etc ```

Question 30

name some topical psoriasis treatments

Answer 30

emollients and a choice of... ``` coal tar vitamin D analogue keratolytic topical steroid dithranol ```