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Dermatology > Skin Structure and Function > Flashcards

Skin Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

name the 2 layers of the skin

A

epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

what is the epidermis composed of?

A

stratified cellular (squamous) epithelium

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3
Q

what is the dermis composed of?

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

where does the epidermis come from?

A

ectoderm

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5
Q

where does the dermis come from?

A

mesoderm

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6
Q

what are the pigment producing cells called?

A

melanocytes

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7
Q

where do the melanocytes come from?

A

neural crest

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8
Q

name the 5 layers to skin

A 
keratin layer
granular layer
prickle cell layer
basal layer
dermis
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9
Q

what is the developmental growth pattern of skin known as?

A

Blaschko’s Lines

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10
Q

what is situated between the epidermis and dermis?

A

demo-epidermal junction

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11
Q

what is the sub-cutis predominantly made of?

A

fat

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12
Q

what part (layer) of skin are blood vessels situated?

A

dermis

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13
Q

name the main cell in the epidermis and then the 3 others

A

keratinocytes (95%)
melanocytes
Langerhans cells
Merkel cells

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14
Q

the basal layer is usually ___ cell thick, made of small ________ cells with lots of intermediate _________ (keratin) which is highly ___________ active.

A

the basal layer is usually ONE cell thick, made of small CUBOIDAL cells with lots of intermediate FILAMENTS (keratin) which is highly METABOLICALLY active.

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15
Q

the prickle cell layer is made of larger __________ cells with lots of __________.

A

the prickle cell layer is made of larger POLYHEDRAL cells with lots of DESMOSOMES.

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16
Q

the granular layer is made of ___ layers of flatter cells with large keratohyaline granules containing _________ and _________ proteins. There are also ________ bodies with a high _____ content. this is the origin of the _________ envelope where the cell ______ is lost.

A

the granular layer is made of 2-3 layers of flatter cells with large keratohyaline granules containing FILAGGRIN and INVOLUCRIN proteins. There are also LAMELLAR bodies with a high LIPID content. this is the origin of the CORNIFIED envelope where the cell NUCLEI is lost.

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17
Q

the keratin layer is made of ___________ that produce an insoluble _________ envelope. the lamellar granules release _____ producing a tight __________ barrier.

A

the keratin layer is made of CORNEOCYTES that produce an insoluble CORNIFIED envelope. the lamellar granules release LIPID producing a tight WATERPROOF barrier.

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18
Q

melanocytes contain organelles called…

A

melanosomes

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19
Q

melanocytes/melanosomes convert what to what?

A

tyrosine to melanin pigment

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20
Q

what colour is eumelanin?

A

brown/black

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21
Q

what colour is phaeomelanin?

A

red/yellow

22
Q

what do melanin caps protect?

A

the nuclear DNA in basal cells

23
Q

what converts tyrosine to melanin pigment?

A

throniase

24
Q

where do Langerhans cells originate from?

A

bone marrow

25
Q

what level of epidermis are Langerhans cells found?

A

prickle cell level

26
Q

what level of epidermis are Merkel cells found?

A

basal level

27
Q

Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors situated between _____________ and _____ fibres

A

Merkel cells are mechanoreceptors situated between KERATINOCYTES and NERVE fibres

28
Q

Merkel cell cancer is ____ and caused by _____ _________

A

Merkel cell cancer is RARE and caused by VIRAL INFECTION.

29
Q

name the 3 phases of hair growth

A 
anagen = growing
catagen = involuting
telogen = resting
30
Q

what is the main condition called when the demo-epidermal junction goes wrong?

A

bullous pemphigoid

31
Q

name the rare, skin blistering condition that evolves the protein complex of the dermal-epidermal junction going wrong. hand deformities known as mittens are seen in this disease.

A

epidermolysis bullosa

32
Q

name the cells seen in the dermis

A 
fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
lymphocytes
langerhans cells
collagen and elastin
33
Q

Excess blood layer encroaching on epidermis is known as an…

A

angioma

34
Q

a bacterial infection of lymphatics is known as what?

A

cellulitis

35
Q

name the special receptors that detect:

(a) pressure
(b) vibration

A

(a) pacinian corpuscle

(b) meissners corpuscle

36
Q

open or closed?…

(a) blackhead comedone
(b) whitehead comedones

A

(a) whitehead - closed

(b) blackhead - open

37
Q

name the 3 types of skin gland

A

sebaceous
apocrine
eccrine

38
Q

sebaceous glands are ______ distributed with the largest on the ____ and _____. they produce _____ and control _______ loss and protection against ______ _________.

A

sebaceous glands are WIDELY distributed with the largest on the FACE and CHEST. they produce SEBUM and control MOISTURE loss and protection against FUNGAL INFECTION.

39
Q

apocrine sweat glands develop as part of the _____________ unit and see at the _______ and ________. they are _______ dependent and produce ____ _____ with an _____. the ________ is unknown.

A

apocrine sweat glands develop as part of the PILOSEBACEOUS unit and see at the AXILLAE and PERINEUM. they are ANDROGEN dependent and produce OILY FLUID with an ODOUR. the FUNCTION is unknown.

40
Q

eccrine sweat glands cover the _____ skin surface - the _____, _____ and _______ in particular. they have a ___________ __________ nerve supply. the function is to cool by ___________.

A

eccrine sweat glands cover the WHOLE skin surface - the PALMS, SOLES and AXILLAE in particular. they have a SYMPATHETIC CHOLINERGIC nerve supply. the function is to cool by EVAPORATION.

41
Q

name the rare, acute skin failure when there is loss of cohesion between the epidermis and dermis.

A

toxic epidermal necrolysis

42
Q

TEN is usually caused by what substance?

A

a drug

43
Q

people with TEN usually become what?

A

hypoalbuminemic

44
Q

what is the melanocyte to basal cell ratio?

A

1:10

45
Q

in basal cells, melanin absorbs __________ rays to protect the ___ in the cells ______

A

in basal cells, melanin absorbs ULTRAVIOLET rays to protect the DNA in the cells NUCLEI

46
Q

what 2 things are metabolised in the skin?

A

vitamin D

thyroid hormone

47
Q

what is Vitamin D3 stored as in the liver?

A

hydroxycholecalciferol

48
Q

where is hydroxycholecalciferol converted to 1,25-dihydroxycholecaliferol?

A

kidney

49
Q

vitamin D promoted what?

A

calcium absorption in the bowel and mineralization of bone

50
Q

eczema herpeticum is due to what infection?

A

herpes simplex

Dermatology (19 decks)

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