PHY PSY

Question 1

Question ID #18007: Following abrupt cessation of a sedative after long-term use, REM sleep would be expected to: 
Select one: 
A. increase to above normal levels. 
B. increase to normal levels. 
C. decrease to below normal levels.  
D. decrease to normal levels.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Question ID #17974: Endocrine disorders often mimic psychiatric disorders. For example, hypothyroidism often includes symptoms suggestive of:
Select one:
A. a phobic disorder, delirium, or mania.
B. mania, anorexia, or OCD.
C. OCD, depression, or a phobic disorder.
D. depression, psychosis, or dementia.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Question ID #18012: Drowsiness (sedation) is most likely to be an initial side effect of which of the following antidepressants? 
Select one: 
A. fluoxetine (Prozac) 
B. paroxetine (Paxil) 
C. sertraline (Zoloft) 
D. doxepin (Sinequan)

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Question ID #17984: During the night, the mother of an 8-month old baby sleeps soundly. Although street noise and the barking of the neighbor's dog do not awaken her, she immediately awakens to the sound of her baby's cries. The brain structure most responsible for this phenomenon is the: 
Select one: 
A. frontal lobe. 
B. ARAS.  
C. hippocampus. 
D. substantia nigra.

Answer 4

B

Question 5

Question ID #119454: Which type of research provides more accurate data about genetic testing? 
Select one: 
A. Research involving animal models  
B. Research involving human models 
C. Neither A or B 
D. Both A and B are equally accurate

Answer 5

A

Question 6

Question ID #18014: Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
Select one:
A. alpha waves: relaxed alertness
B. beta waves: waking consciousness
C. delta waves: deep sleep
D. theta waves: sudden arousal from sleep

Answer 6

D

Question 7

Question ID #18635: Studies using the seaslug Aplysia as the research subject have provided information on which of the following? 
Select one: 
A. pain sensitivity 
B. stimulus and response generalization 
C. habituation and sensitization 
D. synaptogenesis

Answer 7

C

Question 8

Question ID #17979: Spinal cord injury at the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ level is most likely to result in quadriplegia. 
Select one: 
A. lumbar 
B. sacral 
C. cervical  
D. thoracic

Answer 8

C

Question 9

Question ID #18028: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a late-appearing side effect of the conventional antipsychotic drugs, is characterized by repetitive, involuntary tic-like movements of the face, eyelids, mouth, tongue, extremities, and/or trunk. 
Select one: 
A. Acute dystonia 
B. Parkinsonism 
C. Tardive dyskinesia  
D. Akathisia

Answer 9

C

Question 10

Question ID #18018: When taken by an older adult as a treatment for Bipolar Disorder, lithium is most likely to produce which of the following side effects?
Select one:
A. fine hand tremor, polyuria, and confusion
B. elevated blood pressure and tachycardia
C. nausea, appetite loss, and headache
D. confusion, memory loss, and ataxia

Answer 10

a. CORRECT CORRECT Relatively low doses of lithium can produce these side effects in older adults.
b. Incorrect Stimulant drugs are associated with the side effects listed in this answer.
c. Incorrect These are side effects of the SSRIs.
d. Incorrect These are common side effects of the benzodiazepines.

Question 11

Question ID #18032: When used as a treatment for ADHD, the most common initial side effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) are: 
Select one: 
A. skin rash and itching. 
B. paresthesias. 
C. joint pain and muscle cramps. 
D. insomnia and reduced appetite.

Answer 11

D

Question 12

Question ID #17987: Which of the following describes the “rebound effect” that is associated with the use of a benzodiazepine as a treatment for anxiety?
Select one:
A. the persistence of symptoms when the drug is prescribed in high dose
B. the re-emergence of symptoms after long-term use of the drug
C. an initial paradoxical increase in symptoms when the drug is prescribed in a low dose
D. a temporary increase in the severity of symptoms when the drug is abruptly discontinued

Answer 12

D

Question 13

Question ID #18022: The effectiveness of clomipramine as the treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) provides support for the hypothesis that this disorder is related to abnormalities in brain levels of: 
Select one: 
A. acetylcholine. 
B. epinephrine. 
C. dopamine. 
D. serotonin.

Answer 13

D

Question 14

Question ID #17973: The onset of puberty in humans occurs when gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is secreted by the: 
Select one: 
A. hippocampus. 
B. hypothalamus.  
C. adrenal glands. 
D. thalamus.

Answer 14

B

Question 15

Question ID #17993: The neurotransmitter acetylcholine:
Select one:
A. is involved in voluntary movements.
B. decreases alertness and increases the duration of sleep.
C. is implicated in the development of the psychotic disorders.
D. is involved in the control of pain.

Answer 15

a. CORRECT CORRECT The skeletal muscles, which are involved in voluntary movement, are activated by the release of ACh by motor neurons.
b. Incorrect Alterness and the duration of sleep are affected by serotonin levels.
c. Incorrect Dopamine plays a role in the development of psychotic disorders.
d. Incorrect The endorphins are involved in the control of pain.

Question 16

Question ID #18019: Chronic stress due to depression or other factors may cause impairments in memory as a result of the effects of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and other stress hormones on the hippocampus. 
Select one: 
A. GABA 
B. cortisol  
C. somatotropin 
D. melatonin

Answer 16

B

Question 17

Question ID #18008: Which of the following is an example of sexual dimorphism?
Select one:
A. The hypothalamus, corpus callosum, and several other regions of the human brain exhibit consistent gender related differences in structure and activity.
B. The gonads in human males and females are undifferentiated until six to eight weeks after conception.
C. Sex hormones play a more important role in the adult sexual behavior of lower animals than in the adult sexual behavior of humans.
D. The effects of spinal cord injury on sexual functioning depend on the severity and location of the injury.

Answer 17

A

Question 18

Question ID #18047: During the initial \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ stage of the development of the central nervous system, new cells are produced inside the neural tube. 
Select one: 
A. differentiation 
B. proliferation  
C. synaptogenesis 
D. apoptosis

Answer 18

B

Question 19

Question ID #18046: The neurotransmitter GABA is a(n):
Select one:
A. amino acid that plays an inhibitory role regardless of its location in the brain.
B. amino acid that plays an excitatory role regardless of its location in the brain.
C. amino acid that plays an inhibitory or excitatory role, depending on its location in the brain.
D. neuropeptide that plays an inhibitory or excitatory role, depending on its location in the brain.

Answer 19

A

Question 20

Question ID #18033: According to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, physical stimulus changes are logarithmically related to their psychological sensations. 
Select one: 
A. Webers law 
B. Fechners law  
C. Lashleys law of equipotentiality 
D. Thorndikes law of effect

Answer 20

a. Incorrect According to Weber’s law, the more intense the stimulus, the greater the increase in stimulus intensity required for the increase to be perceived.
b. CORRECT CORRECT Fechner’s law proposes that sensation is a logarithmic function of stimulus intensity - i.e., that a person’s experience of stimulus intensity increases arithmetically as the stimulus intensity increases geometrically.
c. Incorrect Lashley’s law of equipotentiality is not a psychophysical law but proposes that, when an area of the cortex is damaged, other areas can take over the functions of the damaged area.
d. Incorrect Thorndike’s law of effect is not a psychophysical law but, instead, a precursor to Skinner’s operant conditioning. It predicts that behaviors that are followed by “satisfying consequences” are likely to occur again.

Question 21

Question ID #18039: The sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms are controlled by which of the following structures of the brain? 
Select one: 
A. extrapyramidal system 
B. reticular activating system 
C. lateral geniculate nucleus 
D. suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 21

a. Incorrect The extrapyramidal system is a network of neurons that is involved in movement.
b. Incorrect The reticular activating system is a network of neurons that extends from the spinal cord into the brain and is involved in motivation and arousal.
c. Incorrect The lateral geniculate nucleus is part of the thalamus and is involved in the processing of information related to vision.
d. CORRECT CORRECT The SCN is the “primary circadian pacemaker” in mammals and is responsible for circadian rhythms related to sleep, temperature, blood pressure, the production of hormones, and other functions.

Question 22

Question ID #18633: Papez’s circuit is a network of nerves that mediates:
Select one:
A. the expression of emotion.
B. the immune system’s reaction to stress.
C. the emergence of secondary sex characteristics during puberty.
D. the attachment of emotion to memories.

Answer 22

A

Question 23

Question ID #17976: L-dopa is used to alleviate the symptoms of: 
Select one: 
A. tardive dyskinesia. 
B. Parkinson's disease. 
C. Schizophrenia. 
D. Tourettes Disorder.

Answer 23

B

Question 24

Question ID #18009: Propranolol and other beta-adrenergic blocking drugs:
Select one:
A. are most effective for reducing palpitations, tachycardia, tremor, and other somatic manifestations of anxiety.
B. are most effective for reducing worry, apprehension, and other psychic (subjective) manifestations of anxiety.
C. are equally effective for reducing the somatic and the psychic manifestations of anxiety.
D. are equally ineffective for reducing the somatic and the psychic manifestations of anxiety.

Answer 24

A

Question 25

Question ID #17982: Damage to the reticular activating system is most likely to cause which of the following? 
Select one: 
A. deficits in explicit memory 
B. disruptions in the sleep-wake cycle  
C. impaired balance and coordination 
D. Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Answer 25

B

Question 26

Question ID #18043: A lesion in the right (nondominant) parietal lobe is most likely to cause which of the following? 
Select one: 
A. contralateral neglect.  
B. apperceptive agnosia 
C. receptive aphasia 
D. pseudodepression or pseudopsychopathy

Answer 26

A

Question 27

Question ID #18027: Complex partial seizures originating in the temporal lobe are most likely to cause which of the following symptoms?
Select one:
A. speech arrest or other disturbance in speech.
B. pain or tingling on one side of the body
C. a feeling of deja vu or jamais vu
D. visual hallucinations or vision loss

Answer 27

C