Phylum Chordata Flashcards
(125 cards)
1
Q
What are the four things required to be a chordate?
A
Tubular Nerve Core
Notocord providing nerve core support
Pharyngeal gill pouches
Post anal tail
2
Q
What does Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny during embryonic development mean?
A
Means through development, we look like the evolutionary development to how we got to be human
3
Q
What are the 3 SubPhylums of Phylum Chordata?
A
Urochodata
Cephalochordata
Vertabrata
4
Q
What makes up Subphylum Urochordata?
A
Sea Squirts
5
Q
Why are Sea Squirts sometimes called Tunicates?
A
Because they have a cellose tunic or cover
6
Q
Why are they called Sea Squirts?
A
Due to filter feeding and squirting water back out
7
Q
Sea squirt larvae are unique because?
A
The Larvae has chordate characteristics, but they do not develop into adulthood, so they are considered chordate relative
8
Q
What makes up Subphlyum Cephalochordata?
A
Lancets
9
Q
Why are they called Lancets?
A
Because of the shape of the body
10
Q
What are Lancets gill slits used for?
A
Filter feeding
11
Q
How do lancets breathe?
A
O2 is absorbed through skin.
No lungs
12
Q
What makes up Subphylum Vertabrae?
A
over 44,000 Species of Vertabrae
13
Q
What is a characteristic of Vertabrates?
A
Endoskeleton w/skull that encases brain
14
Q
What were Ostraderms?
A
Earliest fish
15
Q
What is Ichthyology?
A
Study of fish
16
Q
Class chondrichthyes are made up of?
A
The cartilaginous fishes
17
Q
What are the cartilaginous fishes?
A
Sharks, Rays, Skates, Fishes
18
Q
Sharks have a large upper __________ on __________ fin
A
Sharks have a large upper lobe on caudal fin.
19
Q
What are dermal denticles?
A
Sharp scales on skin
20
Q
How do sharks breathe?
A
Respire with gills and spiracles.
21
Q
When hearing the world spiracles, what should you think of?
A
Breathing
22
Q
How many off spring do sharks produce?
A
Few
23
Q
Male sharks have?
A
Claspers used to grab onto female during maiting
24
Q
Claspers are also found on
?
A
Insects
25
What is the World's largest fish?
Whale Shark
26
What is the world's largest fish predator?
Great White Shark
27
What is the largest ray?
Manta Ray
28
What is a 'rat fish'?
A chimara
29
What kind of organism is a chimara?
Transition organism to the bony fish
30
What makes up class Actinopterygii?
Ray fin
31
What is the most numberous vertabrae group?
Class actinopterygii
32
What are operculum?
Coverings over gills that allow water to be pushed over gills
33
What are the 5 Types of fins?
Dorsal, Caudal, Anal, Pelvic, and Pectorial
34
Ray fin fish have a ______ ________ in swim bladder.
Ray fin fish have a gas gland in swim bladder
35
What releases the gas from the swim bladder?
Oval body
36
What do lung fish have?
Air sacs to hold air from the atmosphere
37
What do Mudskipper and walking catfish do?
| What kind of organism are they considered?
Move out of the water to feed
| Considered Transition organsim
38
What makes up Class Sarcoptergii?
Lobe fin
39
What is special about lobe fin fish?
Have fins that are precursors to legs
40
Lobe fin fish are?
Transition organisms to amphibians
41
What is Herpetology?
the Study of amphibians and reptiles
42
What did tetrapods evolve from?
Lobe fin fish
43
How to tetrapods respire?
through moist skin
44
What kind of organisms are tetrapods?
Ectoderms with 3 chambered hearts
45
What makes up class Amphibia?
Salamanders, Frogs, Toads, Caecilians
46
What were the first amphibians?
Salamanders
47
What is SC state amphibian?
Yellow spotted salamander
48
What are the most advanced amphibians?
Frogs and Toads
49
How do frogs and toads reproduce?
Male squeezes eggs out of female, fertilizes them, and leaves them in water to hatch to tadpoles
50
What are cacelians?
Legless amphibians
51
What class had the first shelled egg?
Class Reptilia
52
Which class had the 1st true land dwelling vertabrates?
Class Reptilia
53
What benefit does an aminotic shelled egg bring?
Allows eggs to be layed on land
54
How are reptiles fertilized?
Internal fertilization
55
What are the layers of an Amnotic shelled egg?
Chorion
Amnion
Yolk Sac
Allantois
56
What is the chorion?
Outermost layer
57
What is the amnion?
Encases embryo
58
What does the yolk do?
Provides food
59
What does the Allantois do?
Contains excreted waste
60
What developed from the 1st land dwelling reptiles?
Dinosaurs
61
When did dinosaurs evolve?
during the mesozoic era
62
What survived the dinosaur age and why?
Birds and mammals due to their warm blood
63
What are the 1st reptiles in the fossil record?
Lizards
64
What percentage of living reptiles do lizards make up?
50%
65
What is the world's largest lizard?
Kimono dragon
66
What evolved from lizards?
Snakes
67
What are 3 examples of collapsable fang snakes?
Rattlesnake, Copperhead, and water moccasin
68
How is poison injected by rattlesnakes, copperheads, and water moccasins?
Poison injected via collapsable fangs
69
What makes up snake venom?
Neurotoxin + Digestive Enzymes
70
What is the #1 snake bit in SC?
Copperhead
71
What are fixed fang snakes?
Coral snake and Cobra
72
What does the neurotoxin of fixed fang snakes effect?
Breathing
73
How can you tell the difference in the coral and milk snakes?
Red touches yellow, kill a fellow
| Red touches black, friend of Jack
74
What is the world's largest poisonous snake?
King cobra
75
How many living species are there of turtles and tortosises?
250
76
Which are aquatic and which are land dweller of turles and tortises?
Turtles are aquatic
| Tortises are land dwellers
77
What is the world's largest turtle?
Leatherback turtle
78
What is a turtle exclusion device?
Hatch at top of shrimp net for turtles to escape from
79
What is the world's largest tortoise?
Galapagos Tortoise
80
What do the hearts of Alligators and Crocodiles have?
4 chambered heart
81
What is the differences between alligators and crocodiles?
Alligators have a rounded mouth, even teeth, smooth eyelid, no lobe over tympana
Crocodile as narrow mouth, uneven teeth, and lobe over tympana
82
What is Ornithology?
The study of birds
83
What is the oldest bird fossil in fossil record and has reptilian characteristics?
Archaopteryx
84
What do most birds show?
Sexual dimorphism
85
What is the whole purpose of the feather structure?
For flight
86
How must blood cells be replaced in birds and why?
By mitosis, due to hollow bones
87
What is the world's smallest bird?
Hummingbird
88
What is the World's largest bird?
Ostrich
89
What is another name for a non-flying bird?
Ratite
90
What kind of organism is a platypus?
A transition organsism
91
What are marsupials?
The 'pouched' animals
92
In marsupials, the young are born __________ and remainder of development occurs within the ___________.
premature
| pouch
93
What is the only marsupial in US?
The possum
94
What is the most successful group of mammals?
Placental Mammals
95
Why are placental mammals so sucessful?
Due to large number of offspring and relatively quick internal development
96
What type of glands do placental mammals to protect their hair and skin?
Sebaceous glands
97
What types of teeth do Placental mammals have?
Molar, Premolar, Incisors, Canine
98
What animal has the largest heart in world?
Blue whale
99
What are the orders of class mammila?
```
Ungulates
Carnivores
Cetacearis
Chiroptera
Rodents
Proboscideans
```
100
What makes up order Ungulates?
Hoofed mammals
101
What makes up order cetacearis?
Marine mammals
102
What makes up order Chiroptera?
Flying mammals
103
What makes up rodents?
Gnawing mammals
104
What makes up order Proboscideans?
Trunked animals
105
What is special about primates not found in other mammals?
Ball and socket joint and clavical for 180 degree rotation
106
What are the groups of primates?
```
Prosimians
Old World Monkeys
New World Monkeys
the "Hominoid" apes
Homo sapiens
```
107
What animals make up Prosimians?
Lemurs and Tarsiers
108
What make up Old World monkeys?
| What is a specific quality?
Baboon and Macaque
| Narrow down pointing faces with pointing noses and bare buttocks
109
What makes up new World monkeys?
Capucian and Howler monkeys
| Prehensile tails
110
What is the largest ape?
Gorrilla
111
What is a docile herbovoire that is a tree dweller who is in the group "Hominoid Apes"?
Orangutan
112
What is the ape that shares 95% of the same genes as humans?
Chimpanze
113
What is the study of the developments of man?
Anthropology
114
What were the first bipedal humans?
Australpiths
115
What were the first humans to use tools, called the 'handyman'?
Homo habilis
116
What were the first humans to use fire consistantly, known as 'walking man'?
Homo erectus
117
What is Bergmann's Rule?
Animals in colder climates are shorter and stockier than animals in warm climates
118
What are the characteristics of Echinoderma?
Marine, endoskeleton, Clacium plate shell, Spiny skin
119
How do starfish eat?
Oozes stomach inside shell of prey
120
Why is the great barrier reef important?
Home to many marine animals
121
Starfish populations have increased so much at the great barrier reef because?
Decreased predidation
122
What are characteristics of the 'Hag fish'?
Benthic scavengers
Oral feelers
Secrete slime
Vertabrae
123
Sea squirts outer layer is composed of?
Cellulose
124
Study of fishes is called?
Ichthyology
125
The earliest fishes have what on their fins?
They had no fins
