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Flashcards in Phys I suppose Deck (30)
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1
Q

follicle maturation

A
first four have ovum
1. primordial follicle
2. primary follicle
3. secondary follicle with follicular antrum
4. graafian follicle
OVULATION
5. corpus luteum
6. corpus albicans
2
Q

follicle purpose

A

site of oocyte development and hormone production

3
Q

hormones produced by granolas cell

A

steroid: estrogen, progesterone
peptide: inhibin, activin

4
Q

corpus luteum

A

produces: estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, activin

regresses 10 days after fertilization if no fertilization occurs

5
Q

What is the main provider of cholesterol for steroid hormone synthesis?

A

LDL

6
Q

cholesterol desmolase (CYP11A1)

A

theca cell: important in E and P production; testis: T production
convert cholesterol to pregnenolone
under LH control

7
Q

3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

A

pregnenolone to progesterone

DHEA to androstenedione

8
Q

What cells in the ovary produce progesterone?

What regulates its production>

A

production regulated by LH
theca
granulosa: follicular phase
corpus luteum: after ovulation

9
Q

What cells in the ovary produce estrogen?

What regulates its production?

A

production regulated by: FSH, LH
granulosa cells: follicular phase
corpus luteum: after ovulation(luteal phase)

10
Q

17 B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

A

granulosa cell: important in E production; testis

androstenedione to testosterone

11
Q

aromatase

A

granulosa cell: important in E production
testosterone to estrogen
under FSH control

12
Q

functions of granulosa cell

A
  1. nourish oocyte
  2. secrete messenger that influence the oocyte and theca cells
  3. secrete antral fluid
  4. site of action for E and FSH in follicle development in early and middle follicular phase
  5. convert estrogen to androgen
  6. inhibin
  7. site of action for LH induction of changes in oocyte and follicle culminating in ovulation and formation of corpus luteum
13
Q

inhibin

A

sertoli or granulosa cell

inhibits FSH

14
Q

H-P-ovary feedback in menstrual cycle

  1. early and mid follicular phase
  2. mid cycle: immediately before ovulation
  3. luteal phase
A
  1. FSH and LH stimulate E by follicular cells: low [E]: neg feedback on LH, FSH
  2. high [E] pos. feedback: increase GnRH production, increase anterior pituitary GnRH receptors, increase LH, FSH: ovulatory surge: release of mature oocyte
  3. progesterone is produced: neg. feedback: inhibit FSH and LH
15
Q

what is the goal of contraception

A

inhibit FSH and LH: reduce estrogen

16
Q

beta globulin

A

same as SHBG

17
Q

effects of estrogen

  1. uterus
  2. ovary
  3. vagina
  4. fallopian tubes
  5. breast
  6. ant. pituitary
  7. bone
  8. liver
  9. heart
  10. vessels
A
  1. growth, maturation, maintenance of pregnancy
  2. growth
  3. maturation
  4. stimulate ciliary activity
  5. feedback (neg. and pos.); PRL secretion
  6. growth
  7. preserve bone density
  8. decrease LDL
  9. cardioprotective
  10. anti-atherosclerotic
18
Q

effects of progesterone

  1. uterus
  2. breast
  3. Ant. pituitary
  4. body temp.
A
  1. regulates secretory activity in luteal phase, prep endometrium for pregnancy, maintain pregnancy, decrease spontaneous contractions
  2. regulate development
  3. neg. feedback: FSH, LH
  4. increases (1 day after ovulation)
19
Q

best time for fertilization

A

12-24 hr of ovulation

BEFORE increase in body temp

20
Q

activin

A

pos. feedback on ant pituitary: stimulates FSH: stimulate estrogen production

21
Q

Where are sperm produced?

A

seminiterous tubules

22
Q

sertoli cell function

A

nursing: support cells
control: FSH, testosterone
1. nourish
2. blood-testis barrier
3. SHBG production
4. inhibin production
5. produce estrogen
6. GF for Leydig cells
7. eliminate defective sperm
8. AMH
9. SPERMATOGENESIS

23
Q

testosterone function

A
  1. stimulate sperm production
  2. secondary sex characteristics
  3. neg. feedback on LH
24
Q

5 alpha reductase

A
TARGET tissue (not testis)
testosterone to DHT
25
Q

T precursors

A

pregnenolone
progesterone
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
androstnedione

26
Q

statins effect on T and E in a man

A

no change in T

increase circulating E

27
Q

T production by age

  1. birth
  2. early infancy
  3. reproductive age
  4. greater than 55 years
A
  1. drops
  2. transient mini-puberty, then drops
  3. peaks
  4. reduces with age
28
Q

effects of T and DHT in male

A
  1. stimulate spermatogenesis
  2. maintain function of seminal vesicles (T); prostate (DHT)
  3. induce secondary sex characteristics
  4. protein anabolism, regulate bone growth
  5. sex drive, aggression
  6. neg. feedback on GnRH and LH (T)
29
Q

T and DHT effects: male secondary characteristics

  1. breast
  2. hair
  3. skin
  4. muscle
  5. bone
  6. metabolism
  7. RBC
  8. aggression
  9. depression
  10. fat
  11. sex drive
A
  1. oppose E
  2. pubic, chest, facial hair growth; baldness (DHT)
  3. increase thickness, sebaceous glands (DHT)
  4. growth (T)
  5. growth, Ca retention
  6. increase
  7. increase EPO
  8. increase
  9. decrease
  10. decrease
  11. increase
30
Q

E production in males

A

liver, testes, muscle, brain, fat

necessary for male fertility: present in seminiferous tubules to control spermatogenesis