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Senior Year > Physics - Final > Flashcards

Physics - Final Flashcards

0
Q

What is the distance formula?

A

Df = di + vt + 1/2at²

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1
Q

What is terminal velocity? (3)

Is work being done?

A

When the upward forces of air resistance balances the downward force of gravity

Net force = 0

Yes, work is being done, because the object’s gravity moves the object downward with a constant maximum speed, and the forces are getting balanced out by air resistance

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2
Q

Scalar vs vector

A

Scalar - only has magnitude

Vector - magnitude and direction

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3
Q

The quadratic equation is used with values in which direction?

A

The y-direction

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4
Q

What is the path of a projectile called?

What shape does it form? (2)

A

A trajectory

Parabola

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5
Q

What is Newton’s second law? (2)

A

F = ma

Measured in Newtons –> kg•m/s²

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6
Q

What is the fundamental unit of force? (2)

A 
F = ma
F= kg•m/s² or N
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7
Q

When an object is moving at constant velocity, how do you determine net force? (2)

A

Net force = 0

A = 0

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8
Q

Define inertia

A

Describes how much it will resist change to the motion of the object

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9
Q

What is the formula for the weight of an object directed down an inclined plane

A

Weight = mass • gravity

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10
Q

Units of the coefficient of friction?

A

There are no units

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11
Q

How to find the angle of slippage if given the coefficient of static friction

A

Ff = μsFn –> μsmgcosθ –> Ff/μsmg = cos θ⁻1

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12
Q

List the 3 types of friction in order of weakest to strongest (3)

A
  1. Rolling
  2. Kinetic
  3. Static
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13
Q

When an object begins to slide down a ramp, which two forces are equal?

A

The x and y components

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14
Q

What is the equation for the force of kinetic friction on a flat surface?

A

μkmg

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15
Q

Unit for energy?

A

Joule

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16
Q

What is the conservation of energy equation for the velocity of an object at the bottom of the ramp (with friction)? (2)

A

PE - Ff = KE

V= √2g(h-μkcosθd)

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17
Q

What is the formula for work done by friction down an inclined plane?

A

Wf = μkmgcosθd

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18
Q

What are the fundamental units of power? (2)

A

P = w/t –> kg•m²/s³

W= fd –> kg•m²/s²

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19
Q

If the sun were to suddenly disappear, what would happen to the path of the earth?

A

It would go in a straight line

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20
Q

Under what circumstances will the quadratic formula provide two real roots?

A

When an object passes a certain point twice

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21
Q

The metric system

A

Based on powers of 10

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22
Q

10mm = cm

A

10mm = 1cm

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23
Q

10cm = dm

A

10cm = 1 dm

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24
10dm =
10dm = 1m
25
Basic trig functions (4)
Tan θ = Δy / Δx D = √Δx²+Δy² Sin θ = Vy/V or Δy/d Cos θ = Vx/V or Δx/d
26
Matric prefixes (9)
``` Nano- 10⁻⁹ Micro- 10⁻⁶ Milli- 10⁻³ Centi- 10⁻² Deci- 10⁻¹ Deka- 10 Kilo- 10³ Mega- 10⁶ Giga- 10⁹ ```
27
Calculating line of best-fit (2)
Calculate by using y=mx+b y-y₁=m(x-x₁)
28
Distance vs displacement (2)
Distance - total distance traveled Displacement - change in position of an object
29
Speed vs velocity (2)
Speed - scalar quantity Velocity - vector quantity
30
Velocity vs acceleration (2)
Velocity - rate of change in distance Acceleration - rate of change in velocity
31
How to find X and Y components (4)
``` Vx = dx/t Vy = dy/t ``` ``` Vx = Vcosθ Vy = Vsinθ ```
32
How to solve advanced projectile motion problems? (3)
1. find x component using dx=Vx•t 2. Find velocities for x and y component using Vx=V(cosθ) and Vy=V(sinθ) 3. Find t using distance formula going in the y-direction --> dfy=diy+vt+1/2at²
33
Projectile motion
Refers to the motion of an object that is thrown, or projected into the air at an angle
34
Free-fall acceleration
The vertical motion of a projectile with a constant downward acceleration due to gravity
35
Direction of gravity? (2)
Downwards; not horizontally at all
36
There are two objects: one is thrown and one is dropped. Which one will land with the shortest time?
They will finish landing with the same time
37
What are the circumstances for negative velocities?
Velocities are negative as an object goes back down
38
How the distance formula can be reduced to simpler forms? (2)
D = 1/2at² T = √2d/g
39
Resultant
The hypotenuse of a Pythagorean theorem triangle
40
What is Newton's first law?
Law of inertia - an object at rest tends to stays at rest and an object in motion tends to stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
41
Define weight
A measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object
42
What is Newton's third law?
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
43
Net force (4)
Causes acceleration No acceleration = no net force Net force = acceleration/mass Net force = mgcosθ + mgsinθ
44
What force is ignored in projectile problems?
Air-resistance
45
Action-reaction pair "force pairs"
A pair of simultaneous equal but opposite forces resulting from the interaction of two objects
46
Static friction (5)
The resistive force that opposes the relative motion of two contacting surfaces that are at rest with respect to one another A = 0 Net force = 0 The friction caused by the microwelds is the opposing force that cancels out the force applied Ex. A boy pushing a box but it is not moving
47
Kinetic friction How is kinetic friction caused? (2)
The resistive force that opposes the relative motion of two contacting surfaces that are moving past one another Caused by microwelds breaking and then forming again as two surfaces rub against each other
48
The normal force (Fn) (2)
The supporting force that acts on the object perpendicular to the surface plane Fn = mg
49
Friction
A resistive force that acts in a direction opposite to the direction of the relative motion of two contacting surfaces
50
What causes friction?
Microwelds; two bumpy surfaces that rub up against each other and stick together to produce microwelds
51
How to calculate the force of friction? (Ff)
Ff = μFn --> μmgcosθ
52
How to find the coefficient of kinetic friction? (3)
μk = Fk/Fn Fk = μkmg Fn = mg
53
How to solve tension problems (5)
1. Set forces in x and y equal Ty₁ + Ty₂ = mg Tx₁ = Tx₂ 2. Put Ty₁, Ty₂, Tx₁, and Tx₂ in terms of T₁ and T₂ T₁sinθ + T₂cosθ = mg ``` 3. Set T₁ in terms of T₂ and Substitute Because T₁ = T₂, this is possible. Do T₁sinθ₁ + T₂sinθ₂ = mg 4. Solve for T₁ 5. Go back and solve for T₂ T₁ = (T₂cosθ)/ cosθ ```
54
Define force
The cause of an acceleration or the change in an objects velocity
55
Define energy
The ability to change or cause change
56
No energy =
No energy = no change
57
Potential (4) vs kinetic energy (3)
Potential: - energy of what might happen - potential to change - unit = Joule (kg•m²/s²) - Ep = mgh Kinetic: - energy of motion - unit = Joule - Ek = 1/2mv²
58
Define work (3)
A transfer of energy W = force x distance Unit = Joule = 1 N • m Only done when components of a force are parallel to a displacement
59
What results from no work being done?
No change in kinetic energy and potential energy = no work done
60
How to find work done by a constant force?
W = Fd(cosθ)
61
How to find the net work done by a constant net force?
Wnet = Fnet•d•(cosθ) --> μkmgcosθd
62
Other ways to find net work? (2)
Wnet = m[(Vf²-Vi²)/2] Wnet = ΔKE (change in kinetic energy)
63
Gravitational potential energy (3)
The potential energy associated with an object due to the position of the object PEg = mgh H = 0
64
Power (5)
Rate at which energy is transferred P= work/time P= kg•m²/s³ (Watts) P = F(d/t) <---- W=Fd P = Force•velocity
65
Conservation of energy
Energy can change form; it can't be destroyed nor created
66
Where does missing energy go? Possible sources of "lost energy"? (3)
Friction Gravity / free-fall acceleration Air resistance***
67
Similarities and differences between work and force? (2)
Similarities- both involve forces that cause accelerations Differences - can have a force w/ no motion, but you can't have WORK w/o motion
68
How is power related to work and forces?
Power is the rate at which work is being done and work involved forces
69
When the net work of an object = 0... Is the object moving?
Needs more info. It can be moving at a constant velocity or it could be standing still
70
When would you set forces equal to each other? (3)
When velocity is constant When acceleration = 0 When Fnet = 0
71
Dimensional analysis of PE, KE, work, and power? (4)
PE = mgh --> kg•m²/s² KE = 1/2mv² --> kg•m/s² Work = Fd --> kg•m²/s² Power = w/t --> kg•m²/s³
72
How to find force at an angle?
F = mgsinθ
73
How to find a using force at an angle?
A = gsinθ
74
How to find work done by someone
W = Fd
75
How to find work done by gravity
W = mgh
76
How to find x and y components of work? (2)
Wx = mgcosθd Wy = mgsinθd
77
Weight down an inclined plane
Mgsin = weight down an inclined plane

Senior Year (31 decks)

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