Physiological and acoustic phonetics: a speech science foundation

Question 1

The study of speech sounds

Answer 1

Phonetics

Question 2

Language as a system with its organized components

Answer 2

Linguistics

Question 3

Systems necessary to produce sound for speech

Answer 3

Respiration, phonation, resonance, articulation

Question 4

a code or system of symbols used to express concepts formed through exposure and experience

Answer 4

language

Question 5

The scientific study of the sound systems and patterns used to create the sounds and words of a language

Answer 5

Phonology

Question 6

The smallest unit of sound that can affect meaning

Answer 6

phonemes

Question 7

Variations of phonemes

Answer 7

allophones

Question 8

Open syllables

Answer 8

end in vowels

Question 9

closed syllables

Answer 9

end in consonants

Question 10

What are the 3 parameters for consonant description?

Answer 10

Place, manner, voicing

Question 11

Place of articulation

Answer 11

refers to the location of the sounds’ production within the speech production mechanism

Question 12

Voicing

Answer 12

refers to vocal fold vibration during production of sounds

Question 13

Manner of articulation

Answer 13

refers to the degree or type of constriction of the vocal tract during consonant production

Question 14

What are the bilabial sounds?

Answer 14

p, b, m, w

Question 15

What are the labiodental sounds?

Answer 15

f, v

Question 16

What are the linguadental sounds?

Answer 16

voiced and voiceless th

Question 17

What are the lingua-alveolar sounds?

Answer 17

n, t, d, s, z, l

Question 18

What are the linguapalatal sounds?

Answer 18

sh, dg, ch, r, y

Question 19

What are the linguavelar sounds?

Answer 19

ng, k, g

Question 20

What is the glottal sound?

Answer 20

h

Question 21

Nasal sounds

Answer 21

m, n, ng

Question 22

Stops

Answer 22

p, b, t, d, k, g

Question 23

Fricatives

Answer 23

f, v, th-voiced and voiceless, s, z, sh, h

Question 24

Liquids

Answer 24

l, r

Question 25

Glides

Answer 25

w, j

Question 26

What are cognate pairs?

Answer 26

Sounds that are identical in every way except voicing

Question 27

Describe nasal sounds

Answer 27

Produced by keeping the velopharyngeal port open- allows for sound produced by the vibrating VF to pass through the nasal cavity

Question 28

Describe fricative sounds

Answer 28

Sounds that have a "hissing" quality that results fromm the continuous forcing of air through a narrow constriction

Question 29

Describe affricates

Answer 29

Have both a stop and a fricative component

Question 30

Describe stops

Answer 30

produced by complete constriction or closure of the vocal tract at some point, so the airflow is completely stopped

Question 31

Describe glides

Answer 31

produced by a quick transition of the articulators as the move from a partially constricted state to a more open state for the vowels that follow them

Question 32

Describe liquids

Answer 32

produced with the least oral cavity restriction of all the consonants

Question 33

4 parameters used to characterize vowels

Answer 33

Lip position, tense/lax, tongue height, tongue forwardness

Question 34

Describe a diphthong

Answer 34

A sound produced as a slow gliding movement from one vowel (the onglide) to the adjacent vowel (the offglide)

Question 35

The change a sound goes through in connected speech

Answer 35

Coarticulation

Question 36

Suprasegmentals are features of what system?

Answer 36

Prosody

Question 37

What is the purpose of suprasegmentals?

Answer 37

add meaning, variety, and color to running speech

Question 38

Describe characteristics of a stressed syllable

Answer 38

loud, longer, higher in pitch, greater muscular effort

Question 39

The speed of speech

Answer 39

rate

Question 40

The frequency with which the VF vibrate- determined by mass, tension, and elasticity of the VF

Answer 40

pitch

Question 41

sound pressure

Answer 41

intensity

Question 42

What is the sensory correlate of intensity

Answer 42

loudness

Question 43

The study of sound as a physical phenomenon

Answer 43

Acoustics

Question 44

Movements of particles in a medium containing expansions and contractions of molecules

Answer 44

Sound waves

Question 45

A phase of sound in which the vibratory movements of an object increase the density of air molecules because the molecules are condensed; the opposite of rarefacction

Answer 45

compression

Question 46

the thinning of air molecules when the vibrating object returns to equilibrium; opposite of compression

Answer 46

rarefaction

Question 47

The back and forth movement of particles when the movement is symmetrical and periodic

Answer 47

Simple harmonic motion

Question 48

A wave with horizontal and vertical symmetry because it contains one peak, or crest, and one valley, or trough. Contains a single frequency that is the result of a simple harmonic motion

Answer 48

sinusoidal motion

Question 49

Waves that do not repeat themselves at regular intervals

Answer 49

aperiodic waves

Question 50

sound waves that repeat themselves at regular intervals and are periodic

Answer 50

periodic wave

Question 51

The magnitude and direction of displacement; correlates to loudness

Answer 51

amplitude

Question 52

the amount of mass per unit

Answer 52

density

Question 53

refers to the back and forth movement of air molecules because of a vibrating object

Answer 53

Oscillation

Question 54

change in position

Answer 54

displacement

Question 55

the lowest frequency of a periodic wave

Answer 55

fundamental frequency

Question 56

the amount of force per unit area

Answer 56

pressure

Question 57

What is natural frequency?

Answer 57

A frequency with which a source of sound vibrates naturally and that is affected by the mas and stiffness of the vibrating body

Question 58

An indication of the interval between 2 frequencies

Answer 58

octave

Question 59

The lowest frequency of a periodic wave is known as...

Answer 59

Fundamental frequency or first harmonic