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GERR > Physiology - Gastromotility > Flashcards

Physiology - Gastromotility Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

which stage of swallowing comes first?

a.voluntary
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal

A

a.voluntary

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2
Q

in what stage of swallowing is food bolus squeezed into pharynx by the tongue?

a.oral
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal

A

a.oral

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3
Q

in what stage of swallowing is food moved into the osophagus?

a.oral
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal

A

b.pharangeal

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4
Q

in what stage of swallowing is food moved from the pharynx to the stomach?

a.oral
b.pharangeal
c.osophageal

A

c.osophageal

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5
Q

what activates the swallowing centre (medulla oblongata) to stimulate somatic and parasympathetic nerves

a.pharangeal mechanoreceptors
b.larangeal mechanoreceptors
c. pharangeal chemoreceptors
d.laryngeal chemoreceptors

A

a.pharangeal mechanoreceptors

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6
Q

what happens immediately following somatic and parasympathetic nerves activation in the pharangeal stage of swallowing

a.activation of phrangeal mechanoreceptors
b.automatic phrangeal contraction
c. upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes
d.pharangeal peristalsis

A

b.automatic phrangeal contraction

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7
Q

what happens following the automatic pharyngeal contraction in the pharangeal stage of swallowing

a.activation of phrangeal mechanoreceptors
b.automatic phrangeal contraction
c. upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes
d.pharangeal peristalsis

A

c. upper oesophageal sphincter relaxes

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8
Q

soft palate preventing nasal reflux, palatopharangeal contraction, vocal cord approximation and larynx moving upwards to close the epiglottis occurs in which part of the pharangeal phase of swallowing

a.upper oesophageal sphincter relaxation
b.pharangeal peristalsis
c.automatic pharangeal contraction

A

c.automatic pharangeal contraction

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9
Q

what occurs after automatic pharangeal contraction

a.activation of the swallowing centre (medulla oblongata)

b.upper osophageal sphincter relaxation

c.pharangeal peristalsis

A

b.upper osophageal sphincter relaxation

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10
Q

what occurs after relaxatrion of the upper oesophageal sphincter

a.activation of the swallowing centre (medulla oblongata)

b.automatic pharyngeal contraction

c.pharangeal peristalsis

A

c.pharangeal peristalsis

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11
Q

what occurs in primary peristalsis during the oesophageal stage of swallowing

a.food bolus squeezed into pharynx by tongue
b.oesophageal distention
c.food bolus in oesophagus

A

c.food bolus in oesophagus

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12
Q

what occurs in secondary peristalsis during the oesophageal stage of swallowing

a.food bolus squeezed into pharynx by tongue
b.oesophageal distention
c.food bolus in oesophagus

A

b.oesophageal distention

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13
Q

what type of muscle is found in the upper 1/3 of the oesophagus

a.striated
b.smooth
c.cardiac

A

a.striated

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14
Q

what type of muscle is found in the lower 2/3 of the oesophagus

a.striated
b.smooth
c.cardiac

A

b.smooth

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15
Q

which nerves innervate the musculature of the oesophagus?

a.glossopharangeal and vagus
b. vagus and median
c.pharangeal and vagus

A

a.glossopharangeal and vagus

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16
Q

what happens to the stomacg during the oesophageal stage of swallowing when it recieves food from lower oesophageal peristalsis?

a.contraction
b.relaxation

A

b.relaxation

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17
Q

the vagovagal reflex allowing for storage in the fundus and body of stomach causes what response?

a.receptive contraction
b.receptive relaxation

A

b.receptive relaxation

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18
Q

in which part of the stomach is food mixed with gastric gland secretions to form chyme

a.fundus
b.corpia
c.body
d.antrum

A

d.antrum

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19
Q

peristaltic contractions of which part of the stomach in combination with constriction of pylric sphincter allows for emptying at a controlled rate?

a.corpia
b.body
c.fundus
d.antrum

20
Q

what happens to the pyloric sphincter and stomach following activation of the vomiting centre in the medulla oblongata

a.contraction
b.relaxation

21
Q

what happens to the duodenum following activation of the vomiting centre (medulla oblongata)

a.relaxation
b.contraction

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A

b.contraction

22
Q

what happens to the glottis and soft palate following activation of the vomiting centre (medulla oblongata)

a.glottis opens soft palate raised
b.glottis closed soft palate raised
c.glottis closed soft palate lowered

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A

b.glottis closed soft palate raised

23
Q

loss of NaCl , H20 and H+ following vomiting leads to what?

a.metabolic acidosis
b.metabolic alkilosis
c.ketoacidosis

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A

b.metabolic alkilosis

24
Q

which section of the small intestine does not have a mesentry

a.duodenum
b.jejunum
c.ileum

25
which of these spontaneous activity of GI muscle leads to mixing of intestinal contents? a.segmentation contractions b.peristalsis c.migratory motility complex
a.segmentation contractions
26
which of these spontaneous activity of GI muscle leads to propulsive movement of chyme? a.segmentation contractions b.peristalsis c.migratory motility complex
b.peristalsis
27
which of these spontaneous activity of GI muscle leads to mass clearance of the small intestine? a.segmentation contractions b.peristalsis c.migratory motility complex
c.migratory motility complex
28
where do segmentation contractions occur to allow for mixing of chyme a.duodenum b.duodenum and ileum c.duodenum and jejunum
c.duodenum and jejunum
29
what stimulates segmental contraction in the small intestine? a.stretch b. irritation and parasympathetic activation
a.stretch
30
what stimulates propulsive movements of peristalsis in the small intestine? a.stretch b. distention irritation and parasympathetic activation
b. distention irritation and parasympathetic activation
31
receptive relaxation in the small intestine aids movemwnt of chyme in which way? a.multidirectional b.unidirectional c.paradirectional
b.unidirectional
32
which state of spontaneous activity of smooth muscle in the small intestine is the fastest state due to bursts of intense electrical activity a.peristalsis b.segmentation contractions c.migratory motility complex
c.migratory motility complex
33
motilin is released by cells in the small intestine what effect does it have on vagal impulses? a.increase b.decrease
a.increase increasing motility
34
which of these processes prevents fecal backflow to the small intestine a.migratory motility complex b.segmental contraction c.propulsion d.ileocecal flow
d.ileocecal valve
35
which reflex combined with local peristalsis promotes the opening of the ileocecal valve ? a.vasovagal b.gastroileal
b.gastroileal
36
absorption of water, electrolytes and storage of fecal matter are functions of which part of the GI tract? a.small intestine b.colon c.cecum d.stomach
b.colon
37
movement in the large intestine is.................. than in the small intestine a.slower b.faster
a.slower
38
sustained segmentation contractions in the colon are known as a.propulsive movements b.peristalsis c.haustrations
c.haustrations
39
what causes increased contraction of the large intestine? a.sympathetic stimulation b.parasympathetic stimulation
b.parasympathetic stimulation circular muscle and teniae coli responsible for haustrations
40
how does distention of the large intestine lead to loss of haustrations? a.proximal relaxation b.distal relaxation c.proximal contraction d.distal contraction
b.distal relaxation (coordinated contraction)
41
what follows the filling of the rectum from the sigmoid colon a.relaxation of the anal sphincter b.immediate urge to defecate
a.relaxation of the anal sphincter
42
distention of the rectum leading to an .............. in afferent signals in myentric plexus leading to colon peristalsis and sphincter relaxation a.decrease b.increase
b.increase
43
parasympathetic activation during defecation reflex resists against the intrinsic component . what segments of the spinal cord are involved in this? a.cervical b.thoracic c.lumbar d.sacral
d.sacral
44
parasympathetic activation in the defecation reflex leads to forced inspiration , closure of the glottis concious effort and... a.abdominal relaxation b.abdominal contraction
b.abdominal contraction
45
hypokalaemia, metabolic acidosis and dehydration are caused by... a.vomiting b.diarrhoea
b.diarrhoea
46
cessation of eating, drugs to ........... gut motility and oral/IV rehydration (H20, NaCl and sucrose) are used to treat diarrhoea a.decrease b.increase
a.decrease
47
cessation of eating, drugs to increase gut motility and oral/IV rehydration (H20, NaCl and sucrose) are used to treat which condition a.vomiting b.diarrhoea
b.diarrhoea

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