Piaget

Question 1

what did piaget study

Answer 1

Studied the intellectual development of his three children, especially in infancy

Question 2

how much did piaget pubish

Answer 2

– Published over 60 books and 500 articles, plus 37 volumes in a series Studies in Genetic Epistemology

Question 3

Piaget created a stage like theoyr based on what two concepts

Answer 3

assimilation and accommodation

Question 4

what is assimilation

Answer 4

• New objects and events are treated as familiar

Question 5

whar is accomodation

Answer 5

• Schema changed or modified to adjust for new information

Question 6

what are the four stages of development as an infant

Answer 6

• sensori-motor stage
• pre-operational stage
• concrete operational stage
• formal operational stage

Question 7

what age is sensori-motor stage

Answer 7

0-2 years

Question 8

what age is pre-operational stage

Answer 8

2-7 years

Question 9

what age is concrete operational stage

Answer 9

7-11 years

Question 10

what age is formal operational stage

Answer 10

11+ years

Question 11

What is Piaget’s sequence of stagea

Answer 11

invariant

Question 12

what are the six sub stages of sensori-motor stage

Answer 12

1. Simple reflexes (birth - 1 month): Reflexes such as rooting and sucking
2. First habits and primary (body-focused) circular reactions (1 – 4 months)
3. Secondary (outside-focused) circular reactions (4-8 months)
4. Coordination of secondary circular reactions (8-12 months)
5. Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity (12-18 months)
6. Internalization of schemata (18-24 months)

Question 13

how do you test for egocentrism in the pre-operational stage

Answer 13

three mountain experiment

• 4-5-year-olds typically select the view that they see themselves

Question 14

how do you test for centration in the pre-operational stage

Answer 14

The Appearance-Reality distinction (John Flavell)

Question 15

what is found in the appearance-reality distinction

Answer 15

• Presentation of fake objects (e.g. sponge that looks like a rock)
• Child sees/feels that it is a sponge
• Experimenter asks
Appearance question: “When you look at it does it look like a rock or look like a sponge?”
Reality question: “Is it really a rock or really a sponge?”

Result:
Most three-year-olds tend to respond either “rock” or “sponge” to both questions. They cannot differentiate between how something appears to be and how it really is

Question 16

when does understadning of conversion develop?

Answer 16

Concrete operational stage 7-11 years

Question 17

when does hypothetical thinking develop

Answer 17

Formal operational stage 11 years+

Question 18

– Inhelder and Piaget (1958) described logical reasoning in young people when given natural science experiments such as

Answer 18

• The Balance Scale Experiment

* The Pendulum Problem – What determines the speed of oscillation?

Question 19

What did Baillargeon, Spelke, & Wasserman (1985) investigate?

Answer 19

Object permanence in five-month-old infants
• According to Piaget infants do not appreciate that an object out of sight continues to exist until around 8-9 months
• But does the so-called competence-performance gap play a role?

Question 20

what is competence

Answer 20

underlying ability to do something

Question 21

what is performancr

Answer 21

whether someone actually does it

Question 22

what was Baillargeon, Spelke, & Wasserman (1985) objective

Answer 22

Object permanence in 5-month-old infants
• Testing infants’ understanding of objects that disappear from sight with a test that does not require the infant to produce coordinated action sequences.
• Procedure that measures infants’ attention in a Violation of Expectancy paradigm, using a rotating screen and a solid box.
• Do 5-month-old infants understand the principle that a solid object (here the rotating screen) cannot move through the space occupied by another solid object (here the box) – the solidity principle?

Question 23

what was the interpretaiton of Baillargeon, Spelke, & Wasserman (1985) study?

Answer 23

Interpretation:
(1) Infants understood that the box continued to exist, in its same location, after it was occluded by the screen
(2) Infants expected the screen to stop against the occluded box and were surprised, or puzzled, when it failed to do so
These results are contrary to Piaget’s (1954) claims…

Question 24

criticisms of piaget

Answer 24

1. Continuous vs stages
2. Competence performance gap
3. Variations on Piaget’s experimental methods yield different results
4. Conversational logic and Piaget’s experiments

Question 25

what children did piaget study

Answer 25

his own

Question 26

what was piagets contribution

Answer 26

• emphasised constructivism
• moral development
• replications