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Pig Systemic Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 6 common systemic pig diseases.

A 
Swine Erysipelas
Streptococcus suis infection
Porcine Circo Virus 2 (PCV2 AD)
Greasy Pig (staph hyicus)
Mycotoxicosis
Vitamin E deficiency
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2
Q

What is the capital of Zanzibar?

A

Zanzibar City

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3
Q

What is Swine Erysipelas caused by?

A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

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4
Q

What type of bacteria, how many serotypes (which one has a commercial vaccine), and how many days does it survive in slurry? –for Erysipelas

A

Gram positive rod
28 serotypes, type 2 has commercial vaccine
Survives 7 days in slurry spread on soil

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5
Q

What is public health concern for swine erysipelas?

A

Zoonotic!

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6
Q

Where in the body is E. rhusiopathiae carried? shed?

A

Carried on tonsils, shed in feces & urine of clinical cases

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7
Q

Pathogenesis of Swine erysipelas?

A

Invades through GI, skin, or tonsils - non-immune animals develop bacteremia and septicemia (which may be fatal).
Infected microthrombi in end arteries
Localized disease in skin, joints, heart valves
Solid immunity develops to each serotype

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8
Q

CS for Swine erysipelas? (peracute vs. acute vs. chronic)

A

Peracute = pyrexia (to 42.5C), scarlet flushed skin, death in finishers (from 50-60kg)

Acute = Anorexia, pyrexia (to 42.4C), flushing of skin, cyanosis of ears, reluctance to move, +/-death, or after 24-48 hours - development of DIAMOND SHAPED SKIN LESIONS

Chronic = Loss of tail and ears, necrosis of skin lesions, valvular endocarditis, signs of cardiac failure, arthritis

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9
Q

Which systemic disease gives you vegetative endocarditis?

A

Swine erysipelas

[vegetative endocarditis = endocarditis associated w/ presence of fibrinous clots forming on ulcerated surfaces of vessels]

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10
Q

How is Swine Erysipelas spread?

A

Shed in urine & feces of clinical cases
Transmitted by contact or through soil
Wallowing/high humidity may predispose
Other species (birds/mammals) may be reservoirs

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11
Q

Dx of Swine Erysipelas?

A
  • CS (pyrexia, diamond lesions)
  • Chronic evidence of ear necrosis, arthritis, and vegetative endocarditis
  • Septicemic disease w/ petechiated kidneys, proliferative synovitis and arthritis
  • Isolation of E. rhusiopathiae
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12
Q

How did Harry Potter get down the hill?

A

Walking

…J.K. Rowling

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13
Q

Tx and Control of Swine Erysipelas?

A 
Tx = parenteral penicillin for 3 days
Control = Vx using Procilis Ery 
(killed vaccine, serotype 2)
[vx primary course is 2 doses, 4 weeks apart, the booster every 6 mos]
Hygiene
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14
Q

What 4 syndromes does streptococcus suis infection cause?

A

Septicemia
Arthritis (joint ill)
Meningitis
Pneumonia and bronchopnuemonia (occasionally)

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15
Q

What ages (groups) of pigs are prone to getting Strep suis infections?

A

Suckling pigs, Weaned pigs, +/- Finishers

Rare in adults

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16
Q

What are the three main serotypes of Strep suis that cause meningitis, and what age group?

A

Type 1 = suckling piglets
Type 2 = meningitis in weaners
Type 14 = arthritis in weaners

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17
Q

When do piglets tend to get streptococcal suis infections? And what 4 syndromes can they cause in piglets?

A

7-14 days of age

Septicemia (and death), meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis (joint ill)

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18
Q

What serotype of strep suis is common in piglets?

A

Serotype 1

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19
Q

CS of strep suis infection in piglets (not weaned)?

Vs.

CS of this infection in weaned pigs?

A

Both can see = sudden death,

Piglets = 2/3 litter affected, Cease to thrive, Enlarged hot/swollen/painful joints, Nervous signs

Weaned pigs = Mortality is 1-50%, Fever, glassy stare, unsteady gait, nervous signs (incoordination/ataxia/paralysis/paddling/head tilt), polyarthritis, +/- bronchopneumonia (w/ increased RR)

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20
Q

PM findings for strep suis infection in non-weaned piglets?

A

Few lesions in septicemic phase
Purulent meningitis
Joints swollen by mucopurulent synovial fluid
Endocarditis

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21
Q

DX of strep suis in piglets?

A

CS (fluctuating arthritis and meningitis in pigs 7-14d)

confirm by bacteriology or PCR

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22
Q

Tx and control of strep suis infection in piglets?

A

Tx = individual animals w/ parenteral penicillin inj 3-5d, cover rest of litter w/ Amoxi

Control = all-in, all-out farrowing
Improve flooring where abrasions important
Stop teeth clipping

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23
Q

Strep suis infections in weaned pigs:
What is most common strain?
What does it usually occur (after what husbandry event?)

A

strain 2

occurs after mixing and moving

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24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of Strep suis meningitis, and what infection is this also associated with?

Study These Flashcards
A

Path = present in tonsilar crypts, picked up by macrophages, septicemia (may kill pig), reaches brain in macrophage w/in few hours of entry, can multiply there and throughout the body

Associated w/ PRRS infection

25
PM findings for strep suis infection in weaned pigs?
``` Congested and reddened carcass LN congestion Fibrin in body cavities, focal fibrinous pleurisy, pneumonia in lungs Enlarged spleen Meninges congested / purulent meningitis Cloudy CSF Joints w/ mucopurulent fluid ```
26
How is Strep suis spread in weaned pigs?
Contact, aerosol, ingestion fomites/clothing can transmit Survives in dust, feces, rubber, plastic Spread from herd to herd on carrier pigs, wild boar More likely to occur after mixing, overcrowding, or concurrent disease Transmitted from sow to litter, survives on tonsils for long periods
27
Dx strep suis infection in weaned pigs?
CS - head tilt, meningitis, arthritis, fever in weaned pigs Mortality, some sudden deaths PM findings of septicemia, arthritis, and/or purulent meningitis Histopath - Supprative leptomeningitis Isolation of organism from infected tissues
28
Tx of Strep suis infection in weaned pigs?
Individuals = parenteral penicillin, amoxi, or cephalosporins where poor response Support treated animals w/ fluids, warmth Group = water medication of Amoxi or Trimethoprim sulphonamide If paralysis persists, euthanize
29
Control of Strep suis infection in weaned pigs?
``` Medication during periods of risk Vx of breeding stock or sucklers Improve ventilation Reduce overcrowding and mixing All-in, all-out Temperature control Consider elimination techniques Purchase negative breeding stock ```
30
What age group of pigs are infected w/ Porcine Circo Virus 2?
Weaners and growers
31
What public health concern with Strep suis infections?
Zoonotic - but only deaths in immunocompromised people
32
What 2 syndromes are associated with PCV2 infection?
PMWS and PDNS | post-weaning multisystemic wasting disease, and Porcine dermatitis and nephritis syndrome
33
What kind of virus is PCV2 AD, and what reading frame sequence creates protein responsible for Antibody, and is therefore used in vaccines?
SS DNA virus | ORF2
34
What is the route of infection for PCV2?
oronasal, but may also be transplacental and venereal
35
How is PCV2 spread?
Virus shed in nasal secretions & feces w/in 2 days of infection
36
CS of PMWS?
5-25 weeks old (peak mortality @ 9 weeks) Sudden death Chronic wasting (condition loss is quick) Dull, unthrifty Hairy +/- pyrexia Pallor, jaundice Lymphadenopathy Diarrhea or dyspnea Less commonly: pregnancy failure, variable litter size, abortion, mummification, stillbirths Virus causes immunosuppression, so clinical picture is affected by 2ndry disease
37
CS of PDNS?
11-14 weeks, high levels of PCV2 antibodies Sudden onset, may be seen in a group also showing signs of PMWS First signs =Red/purple patches over hind quarters and back (can coalesce, become necrotic, slough) Swollen edematous hind limbs, Renal failure [animals with severe swollen limbs, ulceration, renal failure should be euthanized]
38
PM findings of PCV2 infection?
Pallor or jaundice Peripheral LN enlarged / pale, swollen LN (follicular B cells replaced by histiocytes & multinucleate giant cells, marked lymphopenia) Wasting of muscle Lobular mottling of lungs Distension of cecum and reddening of colon +/- gastric ulceration of esophagus
39
Dx of PCV2 infection?
CS of wasting or skin lesions of PDNS Lymphadenopathy Confirmation by histopath and virus in tissue Serology not helpful
40
Tx and Control of PCV2 infection?
No tx for primary infection 2ndry infections should be controlled If isolated case, remove from pen and supportive care Madec's 20 point plan (which I am not going to write out because that's ridiculous) Vaccinations: Sow = Circovac, given pre-service & pre-farrow (repeat each parity) Piglets = Circoflex, from 2 weeks of age (1 dose); PorcilisPCV2, from 3 weeks of age (1 dose)
41
What causes Greasy Pig Disease?
Staphylococcus hyicus
42
what is greasy pig disease?
acute dermatitis caused by bacteria | characterized by excessive sebaceous secretion, w/o pruritis, leading to dehydration, growth depression, and death
43
How are pigs infected w/ staphylococcus hyicus?
Gain entry via scratches, bites, or abrasions from rough concrete flooring or sawdust Exfoliative toxin released
44
What does the toxin from staphylococcus hyicus do to pigs?
Causes shedding of epithelial cells, formation of vesicles and pustules Skin becomes reddened and inflamed, and excess sebaceous secretion occurs
45
CS of Greasy pig?
7d-7weeks - Pale, brown flecks on surface (esp. face and shoulders- where fight marks have occured) - Patches extend further over the body & becomes covered in exudate, giving greasy texture and matted hair - Untreated pigs die w/in 5-10d - Stunted growth - can cause ear necrosis @ tip or base of pinna Older pigs = lesions are discrete focal lesions of 1-2cm and appear as greasy patches or areas of ulceration
46
PM findings of greasy pig?
Dehydrated carcass Superficial LN enlargement Histopath shows inflamed and hypertrophy of sebaceous glands Rete pegs are prominent and microabscesses are seen in keratin layers Bacteriology shows profuse culture of staph from the skin and LN
47
What can cause a Greasy Pig infection to persist in herd?
Unclean pens or mange/harvest mites are causing irritation
48
Dx of greasy pig?
CS are suggestive Differentiate from parakeratosis on age, dermatosis vegetans (only landrace) and ringworm by location PM and culture = confirm
49
Treatment of Greasy pig?
Prompt! Parenteral amoxi, ampi, TS, cetiofur, or fluoroquin. (2-3days) Electrolytes Skin washing (Cetrimide) Topical treatment w/ oil/dry cow tube combo Medicate pigs in contact w/ penicillin in feed @ 10mg/kg
50
Control of Greasy pig?
Clip teeth of litters @ risk Provide soft bedding Spray "at risk" groups @ weaning w/ cetrimide solution Wash sows into farrowing (not always practical) Clean pens! (b/w batches!) Autogenous vaccination in worst cases or hwere multiple resistance
51
What causes mycotoxicosis (in general)?
Mycotoxins from spoiled and damp feed (where fungi and molds thrive)
52
Name a few mycotoxins (there are 4 main ones)
Zearalenone, Ochratoxin A, Vomitoxin, Aflatoxin
53
What is the name for the common parasitic fungus from the ergot fungus group? and what are some examples of plants that it is found on?
Purpurea | Rye, wheat, barley, ryegrass
54
Just a heads up- there's a whole lot more information on Myocotoxicosis (those mycotoxins specifically), but I just couldn't be bothered to make flashcards on them.
Sorry.
55
How do you dx mycotoxicosis?
Testing blood or bile if available (bile more reliable due to persistence) Testing of feed constituents or straw may be helpful, but distribution of mycotoxin is uneven
56
Treatment and Control of mycotoxicosis?
Tx - withdrawal of contaminated feed will reverse CS w/in 3-4 weeks Bin hygiene is important Control - Mycotoxin binders in feed, (no binders can do all of them, though), adsorbents may be inorganic such as clays/inactivated charcoals/silicates, or organics (glucan products), Denaturants may be enzymes that break down mycotoxin
57
CS of Vitamin E deficiency?
Sudden death (weaned rapidly growing pigs - mulberry heart disease) Hepatosis dietetica Steatisis Infertility
58
PM findings for Vitamin E deficiency?
Pallor, excess pericardial fluid, liver rupture, heart muscle reddened and streaked, evidence of muscle fiber necrosis w/ fibrosis
59
Diagnosis of Vit E deficiency?
Low plasma (or liver) levels of Vit E Sudden death Mulberry Heart Disease (gross heart lesions) Histopathology of muscle necrosis

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