Popliteal Fossa, Vessels, and Nerves of the Leg and Dorsum of the Foot

Question 1

boundaries of popliteal fossa

Answer 1

superolateral - biceps femoris tendon
superomedial - semimembranosus
inferolateral - lateral head of gastrocnemius
onferomedial - medial head of gastrocnemius
roof - popliteal fascia of fascia lata
floor - posterior surface of capsule of knee and popliteus muscle

Question 2

contents of popliteal fossa

Answer 2

termination of posterior fermoral cutaneous nerve
division of sciatic nerve into tibial and common fibular
muscular and cutaneous branhes of tibial nerve
cutaneous braches of common fibular nerve
popliteal vein and tributaries
popliteal arteries and branches
popliteal lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and fat

Question 3

superficial to deep in popliteal fossa?

Answer 3

nerves, veins, arteries

Question 4

popliteal artery

Answer 4

direct continuation of femoral artery after emerges from adductor hiatus

deepest of vascular structures in popliteal fossa

terminates at inferior border of popliteus

Question 5

genicular anastomosis**

Answer 5

won’t ask about the ten arteries

• will be some lab with some arteries tagged
• on written maybe something in principal about it

Question 6

branches of popliteal artery

Answer 6

lateral and medial superior genicular artery
lateral and medial inferior genicular artery
middle genicular artery

sural branches

Question 7

how many genicular arteries?

Answer 7

5

**like 5 spots on a die

Question 8

lateral and medial superior genicular artery

Answer 8

come off above heads of gastrocneius

deep to hamstring muscles***

in fat

Question 9

lateral and medial inferior geniuclar arteries

Answer 9

deep to heads of gastrocnemius

in fascia

Question 10

middle genicular artery

Answer 10

arises from anterior surface ad passes through capsule of knee to medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle

Question 11

sural branches

Answer 11

pass directly into lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius muscle

there is 2 of them

Question 12

sural area

Answer 12

back of lower leg

Question 13

crural area

Answer 13

front of lower leg

Question 14

dissect gastroc where?

Answer 14

below the vasculature

Question 15

bifurcation of popliteal artery?

Answer 15

posterior and anterior tibial arteries

Question 16

anterior tibial artery

Answer 16

passes above origin of tibialis posterior muscle and interossesous membrane to gain entrance to anterior compartment of leg

Question 17

posterior tibial recurrent

Answer 17

posterior branch of anterior tibial artery

ascends and joins the genicular anastamosis

Question 18

circumflex fibular artery

Answer 18

encircles head of fibula to join genicular anastamosis

variable in origin
-from distal popliteal artery or proximal of either anterior or posterior tibial artery

Question 19

anterior branches of anterior tibial artery?

Answer 19

anterior tibial recurrent

medial and lateral malleolar branches

Question 20

dorsalis pedis

Answer 20

terminal branch of anterior tibial artery as it passes inferior to superficial extensor retinaculum

Question 21

branches of dorsalis pedis?

Answer 21

lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate artery
first dorsal metatarsal artery
deep plantar artery

Question 22

how do dorsal metatarsal arteries communicate?

Answer 22

via perforating arteries with plantar circulation

Question 23

branches of dorsalis pedis?

Answer 23

lateral and medial tarsal arteries
arcuate artery
first dorsal metatarsal artery
deep plantar artery

Question 24

posterior tibial artery

Answer 24

one of two terminal branches of popliteal artery

• deep to soleus
• goes within substance of flexor hallucis longus

Question 25

branches of posterior tibial artery

Answer 25

``` circumflex fibular artery fibular artery communicating branch posterior medial malleolar medial calcaneal arteries medial and lateral plantar arteries ```

Question 26

circumflex fibular artery

Answer 26

variabble

Question 27

fibular artery

Answer 27

provides major blood supply to lateral crural compartment branches from proximal portion of the posterior tibial artery and passes laterally ``` branches: muscular nutrient artery communicating branches perforating arteries posterior lateral malleolar artery (terminal branch) ```

Question 28

posterior tibial artery?

Answer 28

one of two terminal branches of popliteal artery courses inferiorly deep to soleus occupying a more or less central position in the leg passes behind medial malleolus between tibial nerve and tendon of flexor digitorum longus to reach plantar surface of foot***

Question 29

genicular anastomisis

Answer 29

rich blood supply to capsule of knee joint as well as surrounding muscles ``` -composed of ten vessels arising from: lateral femoral circumflex artery femoral artery popliteal artery anterior and posterior tibial artery ``` has superficial and deep plexus***

Question 30

superficial plexus

Answer 30

blood to muscles in area of knee

Question 31

deep plexus

Answer 31

lies directly upon capsule of knee joint

Question 32

knee joint

Answer 32

biggest synovial joint in body - needs a lot of synovial fluid - therefore needs lots of synovial membrane

Question 33

sacral plexus

Answer 33

larger sciatic nerve -has tibial and common fibular nerve components common fibular is lateral** tibial is medial**

Question 34

common fibular nerve

Answer 34

L4,5 S1,2 courses superficially and laterally within popliteal fossa provides lateral sural cutaneous nerve to posterior leg while in popliteal fossa continues to follow course of biceps femoris tendon to head of fibula common fibular nerve pierces fibularis longus muscle inferior to head of fibula where it divides to: superficial and deep fibular nerves

Question 35

tibial nerve

Answer 35

L4,5 S1,2,3 -superficial and central in popliteal fossa - branches to plantaris and gastrocnemius as wlel as cutaneous nerve to posterior leg: - medial sural cutaneous nerve

Question 36

sural communicating nerve

Answer 36

from lateral sural nerve to medial sural cutaneous nerves -will unites medial sural nerve and sural communicating nerve to form the sural nerve

Question 37

fibula

Answer 37

not weight bearing but easy to damage (superficial)

Question 38

lateral and medial tarsal artery

Answer 38

course deep to extensor digitorum brevis along the lateral and medial sides of dorsum of the foot participate in malleolar network

Question 39

acruate artery

Answer 39

courses laterally across bases of the metatarsals and gives rise to metatarsal arteries 2,3,4 which subsequently give rise to dorsal digital arteries anastomose with lateral tarsal and lateral plantar arteries

Question 40

first dorsal metatarsal artery

Answer 40

one of terminal branches of the dorsalis pedia courses in first metatarsal space and terminates by forming digital arteries on contiguous surfaces of first and second toes

Question 41

deep plantar artery

Answer 41

also a terminal branch of dorsalis pedis artery penetrates first metatarsal space to anastomose with plantar arterial arch

Question 42

superficial fibular nerve

Answer 42

L5 S12 descends along the fibula between the muscles of lateral and anterior compartments provides muscular branches to fibularis longus and brevis becomes superficial in distal third of leg to innervate the anterior distal third of leg and divide into medial and intermediate and dorsal cutaneous nerves which provide dorsal digital branches to all toes

Question 43

superficial fibular nerve has muscular branches to what?

Answer 43

fibularis longus | fibularis brevis

Question 44

deep fibular nerve

Answer 44

L45 branch from common fibular nerve within substance of the fibularis longus muscle at the lateral neck of the fibula passes into anterior compartment by piercing extensor digitorum muscle descends anterior compartment lateral to anterior tibial artery and veins innervates everything in the anterior compartment

Question 45

branch of deep fibular nerve

Answer 45

lateral branch - deep to extensor digitorum brevis muscle and contributes sensory fibers to joints of foot medial branch - follows course of first dorsal metatarsal artery to cutaneously innervate web between first and second toes

Question 46

tibial nerve

Answer 46

L45 S123 located superficially and centrally within popliteal fossa in popliteal fossa - branches to plantaris and gastrocnemius (sural branches) as well as a cutaneous neve to posterior leg (medial sural cutaneous nerve)

Question 47

what gives rise to medial sural cutaneous nerve

Answer 47

tibial nerve

Question 48

medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerve?

Answer 48

fuse via communicating branch of lateral sural cutaneous nerve -forms sural nerve

Question 49

sural nerve

Answer 49

provides lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve to lateral surface of foot and fifth digit and lateraal calcaneal branch to lateral posterior surface of heel

Question 50

tibial nerve innervation?

Answer 50

all posterior leg muscles

Question 51

structures passing the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 51

anteromedial to posteromedial Tom, Dick, ANd Harry ``` tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery with veins tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus ```

Question 52

saphenous nerve

Answer 52

distal most extension of femoral nerve | supplies cutaneous innervation to medial surface of foot and medial posterior surface of heel