Femoral Triangle, Adductor Canal, Vessels and Nerves of the Anterior and Medial Thigh

Question 1

boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

superior - inguinal ligament
medial - lateral border of adductor longus
lateral - medial border of sartorius
roof - fascia lata (deep fascia)
floor - pectineus, iliopsoas

Question 2

contents of femoral triangle?

Answer 2

femoral nerve as it divides into cutaneous and motor branches

femoral artery with its branches

femoral vein

lymphatics

Question 3

lateral to medial in femoral triangle?

Answer 3

NAVL

nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics

Question 4

femoral sheath

Answer 4

prolongation of the transversalis fascia (of abdomen)

-contains femoral artery and vein

nerve NOT in the sheath

Question 5

femoral canal

Answer 5

medial to femoral vein
-deep inguinal lymph node can usually be found here

fat or intestines my protrude - site of femoral hernia

at the femoral ring

Question 6

where does femoral nerve course?

Answer 6

groove formed where iliacus and psoas major muscles join

Question 7

adductor canal

Answer 7

connects the femoral triangle with the popliteal fossa

begins at apex of femoral triangle and passes inferiorly until it reaches an opening in the adductor magnus tendon (adductor hiatus) which communicates with the popliteal fossa

Question 8

boundaries of the adductor canal?

Answer 8

anteromedial - sartorius and vastoadductor membrane

anterolateral - vastus medialis

posterior - adductor longus superiorly, adductor magnus inferiorly

Question 9

contents of adductor canal?

Answer 9

femoral artery
femoral vein
motor nerves of vastus medialis (from femoral)
saphenous nerve (from femoral nerve)

Question 10

as femoral artery and vein enter adductor canal?

Answer 10

artery comes anterior to vein

Question 11

nerves in adductor canal?

Answer 11

DO NOT exit adductor hiatus

Question 12

nerve to vastus medialis?

Answer 12

pierces muscle while in canal

Question 13

saphenous nerve

Answer 13

pierces wall (vasoadductor membrane) of adductor canal to become cutaneous

Question 14

descending genicular artery?

Answer 14

branches from femoral artery while in the canal and accompanies saphenous nerve

Question 15

beginning of the femoral artery?

Answer 15

continuation of external iliac artery

until INGUINAL LIGAMENT

Question 16

course of femoral artery

Answer 16

femoral triangle to adductor canal

Question 17

end of the femoral artery?

Answer 17

after exits adductor hiatus, becomes the popliteal artery

Question 18

branches of the femoral artery?

Answer 18

superficial circumflex iliac artery
superficial epigastric artery
superficial external pudendal artery
deep external pudendal artery

these branches are superior and considered in the units of abdomen and perineum***

Question 19

deep femoral artery

Answer 19

arises posterolaterally from femoral artery

Question 20

branches of deep femoral artery?

Answer 20

lateral femoral circumflex
medial femoral circumflex
perforating arteries

Question 21

lateral femoral circumflex artery

Answer 21

arises from deep femoral artery laterally on surface of ilicus muscle and provides three branches

Question 22

three branches of lateral femoral circumflex artery

Answer 22

ascending
transverse
descending

Question 23

ascending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

Answer 23

ascends deep to tensor fascia lata muscle

Question 24

transverse branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

Answer 24

winds around femur within the substance of the vastus laterails to anastomose with medial femoral circumflex artery, inferior gluteal artery, and first perforating artery

**cruciate anastomosis

Question 25

descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex artery

Answer 25

descends on surface of vastus lateralis and ultimately participates with other arteries in genicular anastomosis

Question 26

medial femoral circumflex artery

Answer 26

arises medially from deep femoral and dives between psoas and pectineus muscles supplies adductor muscles medially and gives a branch to the acetabulum and head of femur posteriorly it supplies the deep lateral rotators of the thigh (deep gluteal area) and ends by participating in cruciate anastomosis

Question 27

perforating arteries?

Answer 27

1-4 arise from lateral surface of deep femoral artery, pierce adductor magnus muscle and pass posterior to the femur to end within the substance of the vastus lateralis muscle muscular branches may arise from any of the perforating arteries to supply posterior femoral compartment musculature

Question 28

descending genicular artery

Answer 28

arises from femoral artery just before it passes through the adductor hiatus and divides

Question 29

division of the descending genicular artery

Answer 29

articular branch | saphenous branch

Question 30

articular branch of descending genicular artery

Answer 30

penetrates the substance of vastus medialis muscle and participates in genicular anastomosis

Question 31

saphenous branch of descending genicular artery

Answer 31

pierces vasoadductor membrane with saphenous nerve distributes to subQ areas of upper medial portion of leg

Question 32

femoral vein

Answer 32

continuation of popliteal vein superior to adductor hiatus receives tributaries which are vena comitantes of branches of femoral artery and greater saphenous vein of femoral triangle

Question 33

obturator artery

Answer 33

branch of internal iliac artery passes from pelvic cavity to thigh via obturator canal remains deep to obturator externus muscles

Question 34

branches of obturator artery

Answer 34

anterior posterior acetabular

Question 35

acetabular branch of obturator artery?

Answer 35

provides branches to acetabulum and an artery to the head of femur via ligamentum teres femoris

Question 36

ligamentum teres femoris

Answer 36

provides acetabular branch artery to head of femur

Question 37

anterior and posterior branches of obturator artery?

Answer 37

anastomose and provide branches to medial femoral muscles

Question 38

obturator vein

Answer 38

parallels course of obturator artery receives as tributaries the vena comitantes of obturator artery is a tributary of the internal iliac vein

Question 39

femoral nerve

Answer 39

ventral rami of L2,3,4 | -from lumbar plexus

Question 40

course of femoral nerve

Answer 40

exits pelvis deep to inguinal ligament in groove between iliacus and psoas major muscles passes through femoral triangle lateral to femoral vessels while in femoral triangle, provides intermediate and medial femoral cutaneous branches and motor branches to pectinus, sartorius, rectus femoris, vastus muscles, and articularis genu

Question 41

what two branches of femoral nerve enter adductor canal?

Answer 41

motor branch to vastus medialis and saphenous nerve L4 does something cool?? page 249

Question 42

obturator nerve

Answer 42

ventral rami of L 2,3,4 | -from lumbar plexus

Question 43

course of obturator nerve?

Answer 43

exits the pelvis by passing through the obturator canal, opening in obturator membrane divides into two branches as it meets adductor brevis

Question 44

anterior division of obturator nerve?

Answer 44

goes anterior to adductor brevis and deep to adductor longus innervates adductor longus and brevis, gracilis, and sometimes the pectineus also sends branch to hip joint an a cutaneous nerve to medial surface of thigh

Question 45

posterior division of obturator nerve?

Answer 45

deep to adductor brevis on the surface of the adductor magnus innervates obturator externus muscle and a portion of the adductor magnus sends an articular branch to knee joint