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MSS - MSK Exam 3 > Organization of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Organization of the Lower Limb Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

lower limb joint?

A

acetabulum

-less mobility, more stability

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2
Q

capsule of hip joint?

A

limits extension and abduction

does little to inhibit flexion

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3
Q

what allows for actions of climbing and running?

A

modified hinge at knee and flexion at hip

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4
Q

fibula role?

A

little to add stability and strength

-mainly for muscle attachments

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5
Q

ankle allows?

A

hinge joint to jump and run coupled with muscles strong enough to elevate the entire body mass

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6
Q

multiple joints in feet allow?

A

spring needed for cushioned landing and for negotiating uneven surfaces

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7
Q

tela subcutanea

A

superficial fascia of lower limb

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8
Q

two layers of superficial fascia ?

A

fatty and membranous layer

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9
Q

whats between fatty and membranous layer?

A

inguinal lymph nodes

subQ blood vessels and nerves

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10
Q

deep fascia of lower limb?

A

stocking like investment

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11
Q

attachments of deep fascia?

A

above to most of the inferior aspect of bony pelvis and attached to bony prominences at knee and ankle

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12
Q

fascia lata

A

continuity of deep fascia

  • most superior portion of deep fascia
  • surrounds thigh and portion of gluteal region
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13
Q

gluteal aponeurosis

A

thickened portion of fascial lata
-extends inferiorly from posterior portion of iliac crest and forms an incomplete intermuscular septa between gluteus maximus and medius

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14
Q

what muscles is gluteal aponeurosis between?

A

gluteus maximus

gluteus medius

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15
Q

intramuscular septa

A

lateral and medial when part of fascia lata

inward projections of fascia lata which extend to femur and delineate muscular compartments

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16
Q

iliotibial tract

A

lateral thickening of fascia lata
-serves as tendon for tensor facia lata and gluteus maximus

attaches inferiorly to tibia, head of fibula and blends with capsule of knee joint

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17
Q

saphenous vein opening

A

circular opening in superior anteromedial portion of the fascia lata below the inguinal ligament

-transmits the great saphenous vein

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18
Q

falciform margin

A

sickle shaped and part of saphenous vein opening

underlain with fascia cribrosa

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19
Q

crural fascia

A

extension of fascia lata below knee

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20
Q

intermuscular septa

A

anterior and posterior (when part of crural fascia)
-attach as inward extensions of crural fascia to fibula

-delineate anterior and lateral crural compartments

transverse

  • attaches between tibia and fibula posteriorly
  • delineate superior and deep posterior compartments
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21
Q

retinacula

A

thickening of crural fascia at ankle which prevents tendons from bowstringing

  • superior and inferior extensor retinacula (anterior)
  • superior and inferior fibular retinacula (lateral)
  • flexor retinacula - posteromedial
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22
Q

fascia of dorsum of foot?

A

continous with extensor retinacula

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23
Q

plantar fascia

A

continuation of fascia of dorsum of foot onto the sole

thickened central portion - plantar aponeurosis

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24
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

thickened central portion of plantar fascia

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25
anterior femoral compartment
quads and sartorious | -flex thigh and/or extend leg
26
artery and nerve in anterior femoral compartment?
femoral artery and nerve
27
femoral triangle
transitional space between abdominopelvic region and the lower limb bounded by inguinal ligament, sartorious, adductor longus muscles, and covered by fascia lata
28
contents of femoral triangle?
femoral vein, artery, nerve, and deep inguinal lymph nodes
29
medial femoral compartment?
muscles within this compartment flex, adduct, and rotate the thigh branches of obturator artery and nerve distribute within this compartment
30
adductor canal
canal connecting femoral triangle with popliteal fossa -bounded by adductor musculature, vastus medialis, and sartorious
31
contents of adductor canal?
femoral artery and vein, saphenous vein and nerve to vastus medialis
32
gluteal compartment
subdivided into superficial and deep compartments
33
superficial compartment of gluteal?
muscles which mimic deltoid | -abduct, flex, and medially rotates, extends and laterally rotates the thigh
34
deep compartment of gluteal?
muscles that abduct and laterally rotate thigh
35
innervation of gluteal compartment?
branches of superior and inferior gluteal arterie and nerves
36
sciatic nerve
passes between these compartments to gain posterior thigh
37
posterior femoral compartment
muscles are hamstrings -flex leg and extend thigh -branches of deep femoral artery and vein sciatic nerve traverses entire length of this compartment and provides innervation to all musculature
38
popliteal fossa
area posterior of knee transitional zone and pathway for structures passing from thigh into leg
39
bounds of popliteal fossa
``` semimembranosus semitendinosus biceps femoris gastrocnemius covered by fascia lata ```
40
contents of popliteal fossa
popliteal artery and branches popliteal vein and tributaries bifurcation of sciatic nerve into common fibular and tibial branches
41
posterior crural compartment
superficial and deep compartments superficial - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris -flex leg and plantar flex foot deep - muscles that plantar flex and invert foot
42
innervation of posterior crural compartment?
tibial nerve and posterior tibial artery distribute
43
lateral crural compartment?
contains muscles which plantar flex and evert foot -branches of superficial fibular nerve and fibular artery distribute here
44
anterior crural compartment and dorsum of foot
muscles that dorsi flex and invert foot, extend toes and assist in eversion of foot deep fibular nerve and anterior tibial artery distribute here
45
plantar foot
4 compartments - medial - lateral - central - interosseous
46
hallux
great toe
47
digiti minimi
small toe
48
posterior tibial artery
bifurcates to lateral and medial plantar artery | -distributes to plantar foot compartments
49
tibial nerve
bifurcates and forms lateral and medial plantar nerves share innervation of plantar foot compartments
50
lower limb artery?
femoral exits abdominopelvic cavity deep to inguinal ligament to enter femoral triangle
51
femoral artery in triangle?
major branches to hip joint, anterior and posterior thigh
52
course of femoral artery?
through triangle - enters adductor canal to gain posterior of lower limb (popliteal fossa) - becomes popliteal artery when escapes adductor canal, and provides branches to knee joint -upon exiting the popliteal fossa, bifurcates to form anterior and posterior popliteal arteries
53
posterior tibial artery
circulation to posterior and lateral compartments -via fibular artery also to plantar surface of foot
54
major anastomoses of lower limb?
hip, knee, ankle, foot
55
deep veins in lower limb?
named for arteries with which they travel
56
distal veins?
doubled, located lateral and medial to artery with which they travel
57
superficial veins?
great saphenous vein | lesser saphenous vein
58
greater saphenous vein
begins on medial side of dorsum of foot (dorsal venous arch) ascends medially along leg and thigh - anterior to medial malleolus at ankle - posterior to medial condyle of femur parallels course of saphenous nerve in leg receives superficial venous drainage from upper thigh and lower abdomen prior to joining femoral vein empties into femoral vein -after passing through the saphenous vein opening of fascia lata
59
lesser saphenous vein
begins on lateral side of dorsum of foot (dorsal venouns arch) ascends laterally behind lateral malleolus and along midline of calf parrallening sural nerve pierces crural fascia to join popliteal vein
60
superficial veins?
contain valves - due to increased black flow - venous congestion - can form varicosities (tortuous, incompetent veins) used in coronary bypass surgeries**
61
popliteal nodes
lymph nodes in popliteal fossa
62
superficial inguinal nodes
located inferior to inguinal ligament, within superficial fascial layer assume shape of a T - horizontal portion located parallel and inferior to inguinal ligament - vertical portion located over saphenous vein opening
63
deep inguinal nodes
located deep to fascia lata within femoral triangle, medial to femoral vein
64
iliac nodes
external, internal, and common located along paths of those vessels
65
lymph drainage?
superficial - lymphatic channels that parallel course of superficial veins -from subQ areas of of entire lower limb, deep inguinal nodes, gluteal region, and perineum deep - lymphatic channels parallel to deep vessels -deep inguinal lymph nodes receive lymph from muscles, tendons, joint capsules of entire lower limb
66
motor innervation of lower limb?
spinal cord segments (L2-4) | -via femoral and obturator nerves and L4-S3 from sacral plexus via sciatic nerve and its branches
67
femoral nerve
L 2,3,4 - enters femoral triangle deep to inguinal ligament - provides motor and sensory branches while in triangle - innervates anterior femoral musculature and skin of anterior thigh, medial leg, and medial foot
68
obturator nerve
L 2,3,4 - enters thigh via obturator canal - provides motor innevation to adductor muscles of thigh and cutaneous to medial surface of thigh
69
sciatic nerve
L 4,5 S 1,2,3 exits pelvis via greater sciatic foramen - courses through posterior thigh to bifurcate - in popliteal fossa into tibial and common fibular nerve innervates all posterior thigh, leg, and plantar musculature as well as specific cutaneous areas of corresponding regions
70
sensory innervation of lower limb?
cutaneous innervation from branches of lumbar and sacral plexus and dorsal rami of spinal nerves L1-3 and S1-3
71
sacral plexus?
ventral rami of L1-S2
72
dermatomes of lower limb?
involved spinal cord levels L1-S2 -spiral around limb from lateral to medial in barber pole fashion L4 dermatome located anterior to greater trochanter, overlays the patella, medial malleolus and great toe S1,2 descends middle and posterior thigh and leg S1 overlays lateral malleolus S2 located on medial plantar surface of heel L4 and S1 cross dorsum and plantar surface of foot from medial to lateral

MSS - MSK Exam 3 (16 decks)

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