Flashcards in Joints of the Lower Limb Deck (70):
1
type of joint in hip?
synovial ball and socket
2
articulation of hip joint?
head of femur and acetabulum
3
what deepens hip socket?
transverse acetabular ligament
acetabular labrum
4
acetabular labrum
fibrocartilage rim attached to bony rim of acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament
5
capsule attachments in hip?
superior - brim of acetabulum near transverse ligament
inferior - anteriorly to intertrochanteric line and junction of neck and femur with trochanter
posteriorly possesses a free (unattached) border that covers 2/3 proximal femoral neck
6
structure of capsule in hip?
two laminae of fibers
superficial lamina
deep lamina
7
superficial lamina of hip capsule
longitudinal fibers that limit movement of limb in specific direction
8
deep lamina of hip capsule
circular fibers (zona orbicularis) which provide screw home effect between head of femur and acetabulum
**increases stability
9
iliofemoral ligament
Y shaped inverted
-one of strongest in body
attaches superiorly to AIIS and inferiorly to intertrochanteric line and inferior portion of greater trochanter
10
when is iliofemoral ligament tightest?
in full extension
11
pubofemoral ligament
forms medial inferior portion of capsule
attaches medially to brim of pubic portion of acetabulum and obturator crest of superior pubic ramus and laterally to neck of femur near lesser throchanter
12
function of pubofemoral ligament?
limits abduction, becomes tight in extension
13
gap between what ligaments?
ilio and pubofemoral ligaments anteriorly and inferiorly
covered by psoas major and its bursa
-iliopectineal bursa
14
ischiofemoral ligament
attached posteriorly to ischial portion of acetabulum, laterally to neck of femur medial to root of greater trochanter
fibers compromising the ligament spiral in their course
forms posterior free margin of capsule
becomes tight in extension
15
ligamentum teres capitis femoris
arises from edge of acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament
attaches to fovea capitis of femur
limits adduction***
also has artery
16
synovial lining of hip
surrounds/lines non-articular elements of joint
17
arterial supply of hip
lateral and medial femoral circumflex
superior and inferior gluteal
obturator artery provides branch to head of femur
18
innervation of hip joint?
articular branches from nerves to muscles which surround joint
-femoral, superior gluteal, nerve to quadratus femoris
19
limits to range of motion at hip?
capsular and intracapsular ligaments
soft tissue
opposite limb
20
what is more powerful at hip?
lateral rotation of thigh
21
type of joint at knee
synovial modified hinge (does allow some rotation)
22
joint articulations of knee
femoral and tibial condyles and femur with patella
23
osseous modification of knee joint?
expanded roller surface of femur and expanded tibial plateau
24
what guides rotation of knee?
intercondylar eminence
25
capsule of knee attachments?
superiorly to condyles and intercondylar fossa of femur
inferiorly to margins of tibial condyles
thicker posteriorly
laterally, buttressed by IT tract, anteriorly by expansions of fascia lata
small openings for communications between muscular bursa and synovial cavity of joint
26
lateral and medial patellar retinacula
expansion of vastus lateralis and medialis that pass from attachments of these muscles on patella to the tibial condyles as far posterior as collateral ligaments
27
oblique popliteal ligament
expansion of semimembranous tendon superolaterally toward lateral femoral condyle
28
arcuate popliteal ligament
expansion of attachment of biceps femoris to fibular head
arches superiorly and medially over popliteus muscle
29
ligaments of capsule in knee
lateral and medial patella retinacula
oblique popliteal
arcuate popliteal
30
ligamentum patella
extension of quadriceps tendon across tibia to tibial tuberosity
31
medial collateral ligament
aka tibial
broad and thin but tough
passes from medial femoral epicondyle to upper medial portion of tibia below condyle
attaches to medial meniscus***
32
lateral collateral ligament
aka fibualr
pencil like cord from lateral femoral epicondyle to head of fibula
tendon of popliteus muscle passes between it and the capsule of the knee so that no attachments of collateral ligament to lateral meniscus are possible
33
what passes between lateral collateral and lateral meniscus?
tendon of popliteus muscle
34
synovia of knee joint
lines interior of joint except articular surface and cruciate ligaments
cruciates are intracapsular but extra synovial***
35
infrapatellar synovial fold
from infrapatellar fat pad to cruciate ligaments; divide joint space to lateral and medial tibiofemoral compartments
36
suprapatellar bursa
extension of synovial cavity beneath quadriceps tendon
37
cartilage of knee?
meniscus
38
lateral meniscus?
lunar
39
medial meniscus?
semi-lunar
40
attachment of menisci?
attached to intercondylar area anteriorly and posteriorly
coronary ligaments attach lateral margins of menisci to margin of tibial plateau
41
transverse genicular ligament
attach menisci to each other
42
function of menisci?
cushion joint and stabilize articulation by deepening articular surface
43
intrasapsular ligaments of knee?
cruciate ligaments
meniscofemoral ligaments
44
anterior cruciate ligaments
from medial surface of lateral femoral condyle to anterior intercondylar area
prevents posterior displacement of femur when foot is fixed
45
posterior cruciate ligament
lateral surface of medial condyle of femur to posterior intercondylar area
prevents forward displacement of femur when foot is fixed firmly
46
meniscofemoral ligaments
keep menisci from being trapped during knee flexion
stabilize knee during posterior translation of lateral femoral condyle
47
anterior meniscofemoral ligament
extend from lateral meniscus to blend superiorly with anterio surface of posterior cruciate ligament
48
posterior meniscofemoral ligament
extend from lateral meniscus to blend superiorly with posterior surface of posterior cruciate ligament
49
arterial supply of knee
genicular anastomosis
50
innervation of knee
articular branches are provide by nerves which innervate the muscles which surround the joint
femoral, obturator, tibial, common fibular
51
proximal tibiofibular joint?
synovial plane/gliding joint
articulation - head of fibula and fibular facet of posterolateral surface of lateral tibial condyle
52
what strengthens capsule of proximal tibiofibular joint
anterior and posterior ligaments of head of fibula
53
arteries to proximal tibiofibular joint?
lateral inferior genicular
anterior tibial recurrent
54
nerves to proximal tibiofibular joint
common fibular nerve
nerve to popliteus
55
distal tibiofibular articulation?
fibrous joint between distal tibia and fibula
-tibiofibular syndesmosis
56
ligaments of distal tibiofibular articulation
interosseous ligament
anterior, posterior, and transverse tibiofibular ligaments
57
interosseous ligament?
thickened inferior portion of interosseous ligament in distal tibiofibular joint
58
anterior, posterior, and transverse tibiofibular ligaments
very strong
59
arteries to distal tibiofibular joint?
fibular artery
60
nerve to distal tibiofibular joint?
deep fibular and tibial nerves
61
ankle joint?
talocrural
synovial hinge joint
62
articulation of talocrural joint?
inferior tibial surface
medial malleolus of tibia and lateral malleolus of fibula
63
medial malleolus and lateral malleolus
form mortise
64
talus
form tenon
65
capsule of talocrural joint?
lax anterior and posteriorly to allow flexion and extension (dorsi and plantar)
buttressed laterally and medially by strong collateral ligaments
66
medial collateral ligaments of talocrural?
**stronger
deltoid ligament
-anterior tibiotalar
-tibionavicular
-tibiocalcaneal
-posterior talofibular
67
lateral collateral ligaments of talocrural?
**weaker
anterior talofibular
calcaneofibular
posterior talofibular
68
arterial of talocrural joint?
malleolar network
69
nerves to talocrural joint?
tibial and deep fibular nerves
70