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Bio 20 > Population change > Flashcards

Population change Flashcards

1
Q

what inprove oranisms chance at survival

A

advantageous adaptations

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2
Q

adaptations

A

a structure behaviour or physiological process that helps a organism survive and reproduce

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3
Q

3 main types of adaptations

A

Physiological Structural and behavioural

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4
Q

physiological adaptation

A

adaptations tgat occur mostly inside an organism
ex. hibernation number if stomachs venkm skunk spray etc

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5
Q

Structural adaptation

A

physical adaptations
ex. fur ,sharp teeth , short legs

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6
Q

Behavioural adaptations

A

things organisms do to survive
ex. migration hibernation hiding

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7
Q

Antlers are which adaptations

A

physical

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8
Q

venom is what adaptation

A

physiological

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9
Q

how do adaptations develop

A

result of gradual change in the characteristics of members of a population over time. stem from random variations in the populations

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10
Q

variation

A

a visible ir invisible difference between one individual and other members if a population

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11
Q

advantageous variation

A

variation that helps an organism survive that will likely be passed onto offspring and over time become mire and more common in the population

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12
Q

variations come from

A

combinations of parental genetic information and genetic mutations

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13
Q

mutation

A

change in genetic material of an organism caused by mutagens

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14
Q

mutagens

A

things that cause mutations
ex. UV light

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15
Q

gebetic mutations can be __

A

advantageous or neutral

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16
Q

selective advantages

A

characteristics resulted by mutations that improve a organisms chance if survival

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17
Q

superbugs

A

populations that reproduce quickly where the rapidly changing environment results in populations tgat adapt quickly and survive

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18
Q

natural selection

A

process that results in characteristic of a population change because individuals with certain inherited traits survive specific environmental conditions and through reproduction pass on their traits to offspring
aka survival of the fittest

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19
Q

natural selection key thjngs 4

A
  • nature selects who will survive
  • individuals do not change during their lifetime
  • populations change with the passage of time
  • environment exerts a selective pressure on populations where if no individual has traits with with selective advantage ca lead to extinction
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20
Q

selective pressure

A

environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals and select against others

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21
Q

theory

A

statement that makes successful predictions about broad range if observations

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22
Q

ancient theory’s

A

Aristotle and Pluto believed that all species of organisms had been created independently and gad remained unchanged ever since
believed for 2000 yrs

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23
Q

Buffon’s histoire naturelle theory

A

a french naturalist first to propose life was changing due to similarities he noticed between apes and humans

24
Q

Cuvier’s fossils theory

A

found evidence of species appearing and disappearing over time which priced extinction which was result of earths natural destructive events called thecrevolutions

25
Lyell’s principles of geology theory
believed that changes in organisms ocurred slowly and over long periods of time eventually leading to creation of new species rejected revolution
26
Lamarck theory
believed that species increased in complexity over time until they reached perfection and believed organisms could acquire characteristics ti pass of ti children
27
Charles Darwin thory of natural selection was caused by
ge went in a round tgecworld voyage and studied many organisms bean adaptations
28
Charles Darwin current theory of evolution
evolution takes place because more organisms are produced than can survive and only the organisms best suited for environment survive ti reproduce and pass on advantageous traits to offspring
29
What is needed for natural selection to occur
overpopulation, struggle fir existence, variation , survival of the fittest and origin if new species
30
overpopulation
the number of offspring produced by a species is more than actually survive
31
struggle ti survive
every living organism faces constant struggle to survive and there is competition for food shelter etc only a fraction survive
32
variation
individuals if species vary
33
survival if the fittest
natural selection and only strongest survive
34
origin of new species
organusm that survive have best characteristics that get passed to offspring through reproduction
35
darwin main idea
organism vary regardless of environment and environment determines whether variation is harmful (die) or helpful (survive)
36
Lamrack main idea
individuals change ti suit their environment which is based on need/want to change
37
further evidence of revolution includes
fossil record biogeography anatomy embryology molecular biology
38
how is fossils record a evidence for evolution
fossils found in layers of rock resembling todays species appear in chronological order
39
How is biography evidence to evolution
this is a study of past and present geographical locations of organisms and geographically close environments have similar species related than ones with similar habitats that are far apart
40
Anatomy:Homologous structure
structures with similar structure elements and orgin but different functions
41
anatomy:analogous structures
body parts that have different structures but preform similar functions even though organisms do not have common evolutionary origins
42
how is anatomy evidence of evolution
analogous and homologous structures meannthat they ince served a function in a common ancestor which means it evolved
43
how is embryology evidence to evolution
embryos of different organisms exibit similar embryo development and similarities among embryos in related groups point to common ancestral origins
44
how is molecular biology evidence to evolution
Evolutionary relationships between species us shown in DNA and proteins and helps provide evidence for common ancestral origins
45
Artificial selection
the process of humans selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits used to alter appearance behaviour and chemical make up of plants and animals
46
what is a species
Interbreed(able to produce fertile offspring) able ti produce viable offspring and reproductively from other species
47
Speciation
the formation of new species
48
Two ways of speciation
Transformation and divergence
49
Transformation speciation
new species gradually developing as a result of mutation and adaptation to changing environmental conditions as old species are gradually replaced
50
Divergence speciation
one or more species arising from parent species increasing biological diversity because it increases number of species adaptive radiation
51
what is needed for speciation ti occur
two populations must be separated from interbreeding through isolation by geographical or biological barriers
52
geographical barriers
Physical separation ex. mountains rivers isolation disent have to be maintained forever for speciation to occur
53
Biological barriers
reproductive isolation when species cannot produce viable offspring because of physical incompatibility, different behaviours and pheromones
54
2 types of paces of evolution
gradualism and punctured equilibrium
55
gradualism
gradual change occurs steadily in a linear fashion then big changes occur as a result of many small changes
56
punctured equilibrium
evolutionary history consists of long periods of eqalibrium where there is little changes and punctured or interrupted periods periods of speciation
57
vestigial structures
structures that serve no purpose but explained to gave served a porpoise in a ancestor’s once

Bio 20 (21 decks)

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