Structures/Functions of Circulatory System pt.2

Question 1

The stimulus that triggers a heartbeat is an _____ that originates ____

Answer 1

electrical signal , originates from the heart itself

Question 2

What is a Sinoatrial Node (SA)

Answer 2

Bundle of specialized nerves and muscle tissues that act as a pacemaker for heart

Question 3

Where is SA node located

Answer 3

in the wall of right atrium

Question 4

What dose SA node do

Answer 4

generates electrical signals that spread over the two atria that makes them contract

Question 5

what is Atrioventricular Node (AV)

Answer 5

receiver of electrical signal from SA node and transmits it through a bundle of His (specialized nerve fibres )

Question 6

Where is AV node located

Answer 6

in bottom of the right atrium

Question 7

When AV nodes transmit signal through the bundle of specialized nerve fibers where do the nerve fibers relay signal

Answer 7

they relay signal through two branches of conducting fibres called Purkinje fibres

Question 8

when the purkinje fibers recive signal what happens

Answer 8

ventricle contract simultaneously

Question 9

Whats a ECG electrocardiogram

Answer 9

a device that records the electrical activity of heart as it contracts and relaxes

Question 10

where is electrocardiogram placed when recording electrical activity

Answer 10

on body surface connected to recording device

Question 11

ECG P wave part

Answer 11

just before atrial contraction (pump)

Question 12

ECG QRS wave part

Answer 12

electrical impulse that spreads through ventricles = ventricle contraction (pump)

Question 13

ECG T wave part

Answer 13

ventricles recovering before next SA stimulation (filling)

Question 14

Lubb

Answer 14

sound produced when AV valves close ( when ventricles contract blood is forced up and cause the AV valves to close)

Question 15

Dubb

Answer 15

sound produced when semilunar valves close

Question 16

What is blood pressure measured in

Answer 16

mm of Hg (mercury)

Question 17

when measuring blood pressure whats the two measures you are looking for and how is it written

Answer 17

systolic / diastolic

Question 18

whats systolic blood pressure

Answer 18

pressure blood exerts during ventricular contraction (when ventricle contracts)

Question 19

whats diastolic blood pressure

Answer 19

pressure blood exerts during ventricular relaxation (ventricle relaxes)

Question 20

systolic/ diastolic avg good measurements

Answer 20

120/80 mm Hg

Question 21

when measuring blood pressure what are you measuring arteries or veins

Answer 21

arteries

Question 22

whats cardiac output

Answer 22

amount of blood flowing from the heart each min

Question 23

cardiac output is affected by

Answer 23

stroke volume and heart rate

Question 24

stroke volume

Answer 24

the quantity of blood pumped with each hearveat (70mL/beat)

Question 25

whats heart rate

Answer 25

number of beats per minute (70 beats per min)

Question 26

Measuring Cardiac Output

Answer 26

stroke volume x heart rate

Question 27

increased cardiac output =

Answer 27

increased blood flow

Question 28

decreased cardiac output =

Answer 28

decreased blood flow

Question 29

Factors Affecting Cardiac output

Answer 29

size of person (bigger mass =bigger output), excercise , psychological factors such as age gender

Question 30

What is the SA node known as

Answer 30

The pacemaker of the heart

Question 31

when you train more what increases and what decreases

Answer 31

stroke volume increases and heart rate decreases

Question 32

Whats pulmonary circulation

Answer 32

vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

Question 33

whats systematic circulation

Answer 33

vessels that carry blood to and from the body

Question 34

Whats hearts separate blood supply called

Answer 34

coronary pathway

Question 35

whats coronary pathway

Answer 35

hearts separate blood supply

Question 36

what supplies cardiac muscle with O2 and other nutrients

Answer 36

coronary arteries

Question 37

whats a diastole

Answer 37

heart relaxation when heart fills with blood

Question 38

whats systole

Answer 38

heart contraction when the heart is pumping the blood out

Question 39

why are coronary arteries called coronary

Answer 39

the heart is encircled in a network of blood vessels like a crown (coronary =corona=crown)

Question 40

whats atherosclerosis

Answer 40

condition when there is a build up of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, fibrous tissue) inside of artery walls

Question 41

what can atherosclerosis lead to

Answer 41

narrowing = higher pressure which can cause (angina) chest pain , blood clots, shortness of breath, heart attack or failure

Question 42

atherosclerosis treatment options

Answer 42

aspirin- reduce formation of clots clots busting medication angioplasty- ballon inserted stent- permanent metal tube inserted coronary bypass surgery- (a healthy artery used to create new pathway)

Question 43

Whats a heart murmur

Answer 43

a misflow of blood in the heart due to valves not opening or closing properly congenital- born with

Question 44

heart murmur risk / causes

Answer 44

lack of exercise , diets high in saturated fats , smoking, genetics, obesity, high blood pressure

Question 45

what is hypertension

Answer 45

high blood pressure

Question 46

what dose hypertension (high blood pressure ) cause

Answer 46

blood vessels to weaken or even rupture and buildup of connective tissue as body tries to repair , making arteries hard and less elastic

Question 47

Hypotension

Answer 47

low blood pressure

Question 48

What does hypertension ( low blood pressure) cause

Answer 48

reduces bodies ability to transport blood which creates a problem for the brain because blood pressure has to work against gravity yo get up there causing dizziness

Question 49

what happens to blood pressure as blood moves from arteries to the veins

Answer 49

lowers

Question 50

what circulatory system organ is responsible for supplying the pressure for the blood

Answer 50

heart

Question 51

why dose pressure change as blood moves from arteries to the veins

Answer 51

This is because arteries have muscular walls and more resistance where as veins have no muscles

Question 52

why dose the blood pressure going from arteries to veins lower ?

Answer 52

Because it has to go through capillaries which are more smaller openings requiring less pressure

Question 53

why is a sheeps heart used to study anatomy of human heart

Answer 53

anatomically similar

Question 54

which chambers are the pumping chambers of the heart

Answer 54

ventricles

Question 55

what chambers are receiving chambers of the heart

Answer 55

atria

Question 56

how are the walls of atria and ventricle different

Answer 56

atria: thin ventricles: thick

Question 57

what is the pourpose of heart valves

Answer 57

to open and close so that blood dosent flow backwards

Question 58

vessels that carry blood away from heart are _____ and that carry blood towards are ____

Answer 58

artery , veins

Question 59

what is the biggest artery

Answer 59

aorta

Question 60

Whats the pourpose of coronary artery and whats the result of a blockage of this vessel

Answer 60

This is the artery in heart and results in heart to stop pumping