Digestive System pt 1

Question 1

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 1

A Chemical reaction that assembles macromolecules where covalent bond is formed between 2 subunit molecules and water molecule is removed

Question 2

Hydrolysis

Answer 2

A chemical reaction that disassembles macromolecules by adding water and breaking the covalent bond between two subunits

Question 3

Assembling macromolecules is done by

Answer 3

dehydration synthesis chemical reaction

Question 4

Disassembling macromolecules is done by

Answer 4

hydrolysis chemical reaction

Question 5

What are nutrients

Answer 5

the substances that provide the raw materials required for cell metabolism and growth

Question 6

3 major groups of nutrients

Answer 6

Carbohydrates ( sugars and carbs) lipids(fats) and proteins

Question 7

chemicals of life are

Answer 7

vitamins and minerals
nucleic acid

Question 8

What do vitamins and minerals do as chemicals of life

Answer 8

help in chemical reactions

Question 9

what dose nucleic acid do as chemical of life

Answer 9

Make up DNA : the genetic material that directs cell activity

Question 10

whats nucleic acid made up of

Answer 10

composed of sugar phosphate and nitrogen bases

Question 11

Carbohydrates

Answer 11

Fast source of energy
Body dosent make , it gets it from diet
Contains Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
1:2:1 proportion C6H12O6
two categories: simple and complex sugars

Question 12

what helps you identify sugars

Answer 12

-ose suffix

Question 13

Common Carbohydrates

Answer 13

Glucose (blood sugar)
Fructose ( plant sugar in fruits)
Deoxyribose(sugar component in DNA)
Cellulose (cell wall component)

Question 14

Carbohydrates simple sugars monosaccharides are

Answer 14

single sugar unit
all have same molecular formula C6H12O6 but structural arrangements differ

Question 15

Carbohydrates simple sugar Monosaccharides ex

Answer 15

glucose fructose galactose

Question 16

Carbohydrates simple sugars Disaccharides

Answer 16

two simple sugar units

Question 17

Carbohydrates simple sugar’s disaccharides ex

Answer 17

Sucrose,Maltose and Lactose

Question 18

Carbohydrates complex sugars are

Answer 18

polysaccharide meaning many linked simple sugars

Question 19

polysaccharide

Answer 19

many linked simple sugars

Question 20

Carbohydrates complex sugar’s polysaccharide ex

Answer 20

starch glycogen and cellulose

Question 21

Lipids (fats ) are

Answer 21

Insoluble in water (non polar)
store 2.25x more energy per gran than any other molecule
component of cell membrane as cushion organs : carriers for vitamins A D E K ; raw material for synthesis of hormones; insulates against cold
composed of 2 structural units combined by dehydration synthesis
1 glycerol
3 fatty acids

Question 22

Triglycerides

Answer 22

a lipid composed of one glycerol and three fatty acids

Question 23

Lipids: Fats

Answer 23

triglycerides solid at room temp
single bond carbon atoms stable hard to break down
Saturated Fats ( you cant put anymore)
eg. animal fats like butter

Question 24

Lipids:Oils

Answer 24

Triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature
Double bonds between carbon atoms (reactive and easily broken)
unsaturated fats
eg plsnt fats and olive oil

Question 25

saturated fats

Answer 25

Lipids Fats single bond stable ex animal fats butter

Question 26

Unsaturated fats

Answer 26

Lipids oils double bond unstable easily broken eg plant fats n olive oil

Question 27

Lipids :Phospholipids

Answer 27

Phosphate group glycerol backbone of molecule hydrophilic head hydrophobic tail soluble in water component of cell membrane

Question 28

Proteins are predominant part of

Answer 28

muscles, skin , nerves, hair , organelles, antibodies, enzymes, provide energy for tissue although not main function

Question 29

proteins are composed of

Answer 29

building blocks called amino acids which are made of amino group (NH2), Carboxyl group (COOH) and R groups

Question 30

what determines the type of protein

Answer 30

the order and number of aa

Question 31

what are sequences of aa determined by

Answer 31

genes

Question 32

two types of aa needed to make muscles

Answer 32

8 essential aa obtained from food the body makes the rest of as needed for proteins

Question 33

what happens if u lack essential aa

Answer 33

protein deficiency and disease

Question 34

how are aa joined together

Answer 34

a water molecule is removed dehydration synthesis

Question 35

what are chains of aa called

Answer 35

polypeptides

Question 36

peptide bond

Answer 36

covalent bond formed between carboxyl group of one aa and the amino group of another aa

Question 37

Denaturation

Answer 37

Physical or chemical factors that disrupt bonds cause change in the shape of the protein protein will assume new shape and result in change of physical properties and biological activity of the protein Can be reversed and once factor is removed assume original shape

Question 38

which process is reversible and changes proteins shape temporally

Answer 38

denaturation

Question 39

Coagulation

Answer 39

permanent change in protein shape ex. boiling an egg proteins in egg have coagulated and no matter how muchbit cools it cannot be reversed

Question 40

Denaturation causes example

Answer 40

change in pH exposure to access heat or radiation

Question 41

examples of types of carbohydrates

Answer 41

Simple sugars:monosaccharides: 1 unit of simple sugar , disaccharides: 2 units of simple sugar sucrose maltose lactose Complex sugars: Polysaccharides: many simple sugar units linked together , starch glycogen cellulose

Question 42

what are excess carbohydrates stored as in animals n plants

Answer 42

excess carbohydrates are converted and stored as glycogen in animals and starch in plants

Question 43

cellulose

Answer 43

polysaccharide component of plant cell wall

Question 44

starch

Answer 44

energy storage in plants

Question 45

glycogen

Answer 45

energy storage in animals

Question 46

general chem formula for carbohydrate

Answer 46

C6H12O6

Question 47

The triglycerides in fat lipids and oil lipids are in what state at room temp

Answer 47

Fat solid Oils liquid

Question 48

What are lipids important functions

Answer 48

energy storage molecules, form cell membrane , steroids called estrogen n testosterone

Question 49

which test is used to identify simple carbs and what is the result

Answer 49

Benedict solution , orange/green

Question 50

what test is used to identify complex carbs and whats the results

Answer 50

Iodine , black

Question 51

what test is used to identify lipids and whats the result

Answer 51

brown paper, translucent

Question 52

what test is used to identify proteins and whats the result

Answer 52

biuret agent , violet / pink

Question 53

control variable

Answer 53

what stays the same

Question 54

manipulated variable

Answer 54

what is changed or unknown

Question 55

responding variable

Answer 55

whats counted or measured for the test

Question 56

are saturated or unsaturated lipids better

Answer 56

unsaturated