Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology Lab > Postlab quiz 3 > Flashcards

Postlab quiz 3 Flashcards

(94 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is glomerulonephritis

A

A group of diseases that refers to the injury to the glomeruli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the glomeruli

A

part of the kidney that filters excess fluid, electrolytes and waste from blood and pass them into urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Can glomerulonephritis be chronic and acute

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the signs of acute glomerulonephritis (how does it come on)

A

sudden attack of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the signs of chronic glomerulonephritis (how does it come on)

A

comes on gradually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What causes glomerulonepheritis

A

infections
immune diseases
vasculitis (inflammation of blood vessels)
sometimes hereditary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When does a hereditary case of glomerlonepheritis show up

A

in young men who may also have hearing lose and vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Primary glomerulonephritits can be primary or secondary, what do these terms mean

A

Primary means it shows up on its own

secondary means it is caused by another disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signs and symptoms of acute glomerulonepheritis(5)

A 
Puffiness of face and legs
blood in urine or brown urine
urinating less than usual
short of breath and cough because of extra fluid in lungs
high blood pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signs and symptoms of chronic glomerulonepheritis(5)

A 
blood or protein in urine (hematuria, proteinuria)
high blood pressure
swelling of your ankles or face (edema)
frequent nighttime urination
very bubbly or foamy urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does chronic glomerulonepheritis often lead to

A

complete kidney failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Symptoms of kidney failure (6)

A 
lack of appetite
nausea and vomiting
tiredness
difficulty sleeping
dry and itchy skin
nighttime muscle cramps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Goal of treatment of glomerulonepheritis

A

chronic: protect kidneys from further damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment options for glomerulonepherits (8)

A 
eat less protein, salt and potassium
control your blood pressure
take diuretics to treat puffiness and swelling
take calcium supplements
corticosteroids and immune-supressing drugs
dialysis
kidney transplant
plasmapheresis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ways to lower blood pressure

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors
Diuretics
angiotensin II receptor blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Prognosis for glomerlonepheritis (acute)

A

if caught early it can be temporary and reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prognosis for glomerlonepheritis (chronic)

A

May be slowed with early treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If glomerlonepheritis worsens it could result in (3)

A

reduced kidney function
chronic kidney failure
end-stage renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

These are the chief regulators of the internal environment of the body

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Kidneys regulate the following

A

concentration of ions
water
pH of various bodily fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Two main structures of the kidney

A

glomerulus

renal tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is left out of the ultra filtrate

A

large molecues, MW greater than 70000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did we use to analyze the abnormal urine

A

labstix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did we use the urnometer cylinder for

A

determining specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the normal range of urine specific gravity
1.0015 to 1.035
26
What is the urine temperature suppose to be at in the urinometer
15 C
27
What do you do if your samples temperature is above ore below the correct temperature
Add 0.001 for each 3C above | subtract 0.001 for each 3c below
28
These give information about the state of hydration or dehydration of the body
volume of urine produced | specific gravity
29
What is the name of the formula that must be used to standardize the amount of liquid that should be drank by men and women in the study
Nadler formula
30
What does the Nadler formula solve for
blood volume
31
How many ml of liquid should be comsumed per 100ml of blood volume
15 ml of liquid per 100 ml of blood volume
32
Kidneys regulate the osmolarity of the body fluids to
around 300 mOsm/L
33
How much ultrafiltrate is formed everyday
180 liters
34
How much urine is produced everyday
1.5 liters
35
What is the mOsm of normal urine
1200 mOsm
36
What did we do to determine NaCl concentration in the urine
determined the conductivity
37
What is it called to have blood in the urine
hematuria
38
what is it called to have protein in the urine
protinuria
39
Inflammation of the glomerulus is called this
glomerulonephritis
40
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by this
sweet tasting urine | sugar in urine
41
How does one get diabetes mellitus
pancrease does not produce insulin or cells do not respond to insulin
42
Diabetes insipidus is characterized by this
tasteless or watery urine polydipsia (frequent thirst) polyurea (large amounts of urine) pH = 7, poor ADH regulators
43
These materials are secreted into the filtrate
ions sugars hormones
44
These materials are reabsorbed
ions H2O nutrients
45
The filtrate contains the following
wastes
46
urine is this type of tonicity
hypertonic
47
What makes urine hypertonic
ions | urea
48
What does ADH stand for
anti-diaretic hormone
49
What is the anti-diaretic hormone pathway
Receptors in the hypothalamus sense increase in blood osmolarity Hypothalamus signals the posterior pituitary ADH is released ADH acts on the collecting duct to add aquaporins Increase in water reabsorption into the peritubular capillaries
50
Another name for ADH
vasopressin
51
Overall affect of ADH on the body
increase in blood volume, pressure | decrease in blood osmolarity
52
ADH operates on this type of feedback system
Negative feedback system
53
What is the aldosterone pathway
Macula densa sense a decrease in sodium ions granular cells produce renin angiotensinogen + renin become angiotensin I Angiotensin converting enzyme forms angiotensin II effects the adrenal cortex aldosterone is secreted by the adrenal cortex sodium ions are reabsorbed which increases blood pressure
54
What does the anti-diaretic hormone pathway respond to
high blood osmolarity
55
What does the aldosterone pathway respond to
low blood pressure, and sodium
56
What part of the nephron does aldosterone act on
distal convoluted tubule
57
what is the overall effect of aldosterone on the body
osmolarity stays the same since water follows the sodium | Increase in blood pressure and volume
58
How much resorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule
65%
59
Alcohol does this to the workings of the nephron
``` suppresses ADH (vasopressin) acts as a dieretic ```
60
Where does active transport occur in the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule asending loop of henly distal convoluted tubule
61
where does passive transport occur in the nephron
proximal convoluted tubule decending loop of henly distal convoluted tubule collecting duct
62
What is actively transported out of the proximal convoluted tubule
glucose amino acids sodium potassium
63
The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule is this type of tonicity
isotonic
64
the filtrate in the distal convoluted tubule is this type of tonicity
hypotonic
65
The filtrate at the end of the collecting duct is this type of tonicity
hypertonic (1200 mOsm)
66
This feeds blood to the glomulerulus, and this directs blood away
afferent arteriolle, efferent arteriolle
67
This occurs in the decending loop of henly
resorption of water
68
this occurs in the acending loop of henly
resorption of Na+
69
This part of the nephron is inpenetrable to water
accending loop of henly
70
What organ is responsible for secretion
kidney
71
This feeds blood to the kidney
renal artery
72
this directs blood away from the kidney
renal vein
73
Body fluid compartment consist of
intracellular fluid interstitial fluid blood
74
This servers as the conduit for moving various substances through the body
blood
75
This is the functional unit of the kidney
nephron
76
Filtration occurs through the
filtration membrane
77
Another name for the peritubular capillaries
vasa recta
78
what are the peritubular capillaries
blood vessels around the nephron
79
Where do we find true urine
end of the collecting duct
80
Define homeostasis
dynamic constancy of the internal environment
81
The kidny works to do this
filter the blood of excess ions, metabolic by-products. Water is excreted to to dissolve wastes
82
how many mls of waste everyday
400 mL
83
3 major processes in the nephron
filtration reabsorption secretion
84
The ultrafiltrate is
the filtrate at the beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule
85
Consequences of the basic functions of the kidney
regulate volume and osmolarity of the blood removal of wastes reculate ion concentration regulate pH
86
what is the average glomerular filtartion rate
115mL/min in woman\ | 125mL/min in men
87
How much is filtered through the glomulerus
180L/day
88
How much of the filtrate is returned to the vascular system
99%
89
Water is always moved by this
osmosis
90
Substances which are filtered and secreted are excreted through urine ______ then those that are not secreted
more rapidly
91
The consequences of filtration, reabsorption and secrtion is the
urine
92
How much urine is excreted per day
1.5 L
93
Important substances in urine formation include
Na+ K+ Cl- Urea
94
Occastionally we will see this substances in the urine
glucose protein blood

Physiology Lab (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions