Poultry

Question 1

What is far top differential in a chick sharing signs of respiratory disease and has cream colored plaques throughout the lungs on necropsy

Answer 1

Aspergillosis infection - brooder pneumonia, mycotic pneumonia or pneumomycosis

Question 2

How do you treat aspergillosis infections

Answer 2

Cull affected birds and disinfect facilities - no useful treatment

Question 3

What is histamonous melegridisa

Answer 3

A protozoan parasite (blackhead or infectious enterohepatitis) - causes extensive necrosis of the liver and the team

Question 4

What can you not use to treat coccidiosis in Turkeys

Answer 4

salinimycin - a coccidiostat that is toxic to turkeys at low doses

Question 5

How do you treat coccidiosis in Turkeys

Answer 5

Amprolium or sulfonamides

Question 6

What clinical signs do you expect to see in coccidiosis in turkeys

Answer 6

Depressed mention, ruffled feathers, mucous blood stained diarrhea

Question 7

What is round heart disease in Turkeys

Answer 7

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy in young turkeys less than a weeks

Question 8

What clinical signs might you see in round heart disease in turkeys (or on necropsy)

Answer 8

Respiratory distress then sudden death, ruffled feathers /unkempt look) enlarged heart and ventricles, congested lungs , enlarged liver, ascites or CHF

Question 9

What would you expect to see with children’s and turkeys affected by reticuloendotheliosis

Answer 9

Runting ( weight loss, paleness, paralysis), acute neoplasia, b and t cell lymphoma

Question 10

A deficiency in what would lead to clinical signs like stunting, poor feathering, short thick bowed legs and chondrodysplasia (why is this important)

Answer 10

Choline deficiency - helps mobilize accumulated abdominal fat and prevents fatty liver syndrome

Question 11

What are other names for Avian fowl pox and what are the two forms

Answer 11

Sore head or avian diphtheria - dry form and wet form

Question 12

How is avian pox spread through flocks

Answer 12

Slow spread by contact or mosquitos

Question 13

Describe the dry form of avian pox - signs, prognosis

Answer 13

Raised white wart like lesions on unfettered areas (head, leg, vent), causes unthriftiness, decreased egg production and retarded growth, low mortality and lesions heal in 2 weeks

Question 14

Describe the wet form of avian pox

Answer 14

Involves oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, diptheritic lesions that an ulcerate or erode mucous membranes - can lead to mortality if severe

Question 15

What are diptheretic lesions

Answer 15

Ulcerative , vesicles, covered by a pseudo membrane, skin sores

Question 16

How do you treat Avian pox

Answer 16

A pox virus so no effective treatment - best to prevent with vaccines

Question 17

Describe the vaccine for avian pox

Answer 17

One vaccine leads to permanent immunity

Question 18

What is the causative agent of fowl cholera

Answer 18

Pastarella multocida - gram negative non motile rod

Question 19

Sudden onset of coughing that is widespread and causing some abortions leads you to suspect which disease

Answer 19

Swine influenza

Question 20

What sort of sample will you need to diagnose swine influenza

Answer 20

Nasal swab - swine influenza causes systemic disease through a high fever (not spread through blood)

Question 21

What is the classic presentation of egg drop syndrome

Answer 21

Poor eggshell quality and healthy birds

Question 22

What is the classic presentation of egg drop syndrome

Answer 22

Poor eggshell quality and healthy birds

Question 23

What avers are affected by the wet pox form

Answer 23

Upper respiratory tract - lesions in mouth and throat

Question 24

What diseases process leads to bollinger bodies

Answer 24

Pox viruses - wet or dry form

Question 25

E.coli in a broiler flock can lead to what triad of lesions - how is it spread

Answer 25

Fibrin's pericarditis, perihopatitis, air sacculitis - bacteria access bloodstream through respiratory tract or intestines

Question 26

E.coli in a broiler flock can lead to what triad of lesions - how is it spread

Answer 26

Fibrin's pericarditis, perihopatitis, air sacculitis - bacteria access bloodstream through respiratory tract or intestines

Question 27

What clinical signs would you see with malabsorption syndrome in chicks

Answer 27

Stunted growth, poor feathering (broken or twisted feathers), orange feces or intestinal contents

Question 28

What clinical signs would you see with malabsorption syndrome in chicks

Answer 28

Stunted growth, poor feathering (broken or twisted feathers), orange feces or intestinal contents

Question 29

What is a differential for pale, wrinkled eggs

Answer 29

Infectious bronchitis virus - respiratory disease causing sneezing , conjunctivitis, facial swelling and weird eggs

Question 30

What is a differential for pale, wrinkled eggs

Answer 30

Infectious bronchitis virus - respiratory disease causing sneezing , conjunctivitis, facial swelling and weird eggs

Question 31

What is considered the scaly leg mite in birds and poultry

Answer 31

Knemidoctopes mutans

Question 32

Lymphoma in chickens on be caused by - or-

Answer 32

Mareks disease and lymphoid leukosis virus

Question 33

What is dermanyssus gallinae and what does it cause

Answer 33

Poultry red mite causing anemia

Question 34

What clinical signs are you likely to see with bordetella avium

Answer 34

Information of sinuses , clear nasal discharge, coughing, changes in vocalization, difficulty breathing, exudate on skin and around eyes

Question 35

Which species are more likely infected with bordetella avium

Answer 35

Turkeys and poults

Question 36

What is the most common source of infection of bordetella avium on multi age farms

Answer 36

Recovered carriers in older flocks

Question 37

What is Turkey coryza

Answer 37

Bordetella avium, or turkey bordetellosis

Question 38

What is an important thing to tell workers going between turkey flocks on the farm and why

Answer 38

Never go from older flocks to young flocks to prevent spread of bordetella avium

Question 39

Describe infection with mycoplasma gallisepticum (mg)

Answer 39

Chronic disease, nasal exudate, coughing and debilitation

Question 40

What is the causative agent of infectious sinusitis in turkeys and also the chronic respiratory disease of chickens

Answer 40

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Question 41

Describe mycoplasma gallisepticum on a culture

Answer 41

Round fried egg colonies and the ability to agglutinate erythrocytes

Question 42

How is mycoplasma gallisepticum transmitted / how does it cause disease

Answer 42

Transovarian, horizontally through aerosols, or as a normal inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract

Question 43

You see a turkey with swollen sinuses - what is your top differential

Answer 43

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Question 44

How do you diagnose chronic respiratory disease of chickens

Answer 44

PCR

Question 45

When do 4a vaccinate turkeys for infectious sinusitis (mg) infection

Answer 45

Never - vaccine will kill turkeys - only give to chickens

Question 46

What is the causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens

Answer 46

Avibacterium / haemophilus paragallinarum

Question 47

Describe infectious coryza in chickens - who does it primarily affect and who does it not affect

Answer 47

Rapid spreading debilitating upper respiratory infection in laying hens - does not affect turkeys

Question 48

What are Classic clinical signs of infectious coryza in chickens

Answer 48

Reduced egg production, reduced feed consumption, oculonasal discharge, edema of face and eyelids

Question 49

What are Classic clinical signs of infectious coryza in chickens

Answer 49

Reduced egg production, reduced feed consumption, oculonasal discharge, edema of face and eyelids

Question 50

What is the main source of infection for infections coryza (h. Paragallinarum)

Answer 50

Chronically sick birds and subclinical carrier birds

Question 51

You see a chicken with swollen eyelids and edema in the face - what is the top differential

Answer 51

Avibacterium paragallinarium

Question 52

What is pathopneumonic for histomoniasis / blackhead

Answer 52

Cecal and liver lesions together

Question 53

What happens with histiomoniasis infection

Answer 53

Leads to marked inflammation and elections leading to thickening of the cecal wall

Question 54

What do gram positive pleomorphic rods found in the liver indicate

Answer 54

Erysipelis

Question 55

What is amprolium used for

Answer 55

Treat coccidiosis

Question 56

What is Candida albicans where is it normally found

Answer 56

Fungus normally found in the digestive tract of poultry-chicks specifically

Question 57

Can chickens and turkeys develop West Nile virus

Answer 57

No evidence they develop clinical disease

Question 58

What do you do if you suspect fowl plaque

Answer 58

Contact state - economies risk because it is an avian influenza that readily mutates

Question 59

An enlarged vagus and sciatic nerve on necropsy indicates

Answer 59

Mareks disease

Question 60

An enlarged vagus and sciatic nerve on necropsy indicates

Answer 60

Mareks disease

Question 61

What is the causative agent of fowl plaque

Answer 61

Avian influenza virus

Question 62

You see cyanosis and edema of head/comb/wattle on chickens - what is your top differential and what do you do

Answer 62

Fowl plaque/avian influenza - report due to mutation concerns

Question 63

What type of virus is Newcastle disease

Answer 63

Paramyxovirus - hemagluttinating virus

Question 64

Is Newcastle disease zoonotic

Answer 64

Yes - can cause conjunctivitis

Question 65

What causes infectious coryza and how does it present

Answer 65

Haemophilus paragallinarum - respiratory disease and swelling under the eyes in older chickens

Question 66

What causes fowl cholera and how dues it present

Answer 66

Pasteurella multocida - mucous discharge from mouth, white diarrhea, petechiae, pericardial fluid

Question 67

How do you treat clostridium perfringers causing necrotic enteritis

Answer 67

Penicillin in drinking water

Question 68

What is the withdrawal time for amprolium

Answer 68

No withdrawal time