Practical issues Flashcards
(8 cards)
Sherif
Field Experiment - summer camp high in ecological validity and mundane realism with tasks like baseball which tbe boys would play normally
Matched on sporting ability and IQ - reduced ppt variables which increases internal validity
Reduced demand charectaristics because didn’t know about study increasing validity but some boys guessed something was going on
Social
Milgram - volunteer sample - all shared charectaristic of confidence reducing generelisability of results about obedience
Androcentric and ethnocentric sample reducing generelisability of results about obedience
Lab experiments - clear control of extraneous variables like the experimenter and confederate increasing internal validity and reliabilility
Milgram - reduction in mundane reallism and ecological validity - electrocuting innocents for incorrect answers doesnt reflect real life obedience
Baddeley
Oppoturnity sample from applied psychology research unit - all shared similar characteristics reducing generelisability of results about encoding HOWEVER memory is a universal concept so shouldnt matter where they are from
Independant Measures design - reduced ppt variables
Standardised procedure e.g same surprise recall task increasing reliability
Cognitive
Schmolck - standardised procedure e.g pictures used so study easily repeated increasing reliability
Schmolck - lab experiment - different form everday life, wouldnt use line drawings in everyday life (of animals and objects) so study lacks mundane realism so results about semantic memory cant be applied to real life.
Raine
Matched Pairs- matched with control group rempoving ppt variables and increasing internal validity.
Small sample so findings about brain differences and aggression may not be generelisable but largest of it’s type which is a strength
Brain Scans are replicable so can be repeated to be checked for consistency
Biological
Brendgen - 94% agreement between zygosity based on physical likeness and gene markers - reliability for testing genetic links to agression increased internal validity.
Large sample of 234 twin pairs so more generelisable so results about phsycial and social aggression more generelisable to wider population HOWEVER sample doesnt include enough of each type of gender to effectively study gender as initally planned.
Reduced demand charectaristics - children told not to share answers
Watson and Rayner
small sample - not representative of condtioning behaviours and albert described as ‘stoic and emotional’ so doesnt represent normal individual behaviour with a wider range of emotions
Lab Setting - extraneous variables controlled e.g they checked ocnditioning in a seperate room to rule out room as an ev.
Albert 9-11 months during study so would not display demand charectaristics increasing validity.
Learning
Bandura - standardised as things like bobo doll and model’s actions always kept the same
Bandura - more than one observer through the mirror so inter rater reliability which was also tested and shown to be high
Lab setting - unusual task of watching adult attack toy lacking mundane realism reducing validity
Sample contained both genders so more representative of wider society
Watson and Rayner - Watson and Rayner - Replicable methodology e.g striking the bar the right number of times so method can be repeated to check for consistency of results about phobic responses
