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Practices 4 Flashcards

1
Q

centers for disease control and prevention

A

primary federal agency for conducting and supporting public health acitvities in the US, health promotion and prevention

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2
Q

food and drug administration

A

a division of the US department of health and human services that assures the safety of foods and cosmetics, and the safety and efficacy of pharmaceuticals, biological products and medical devices

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3
Q

centers for medicare and medicaid services

A

provides programs for the elderly, some disabilities and poor americans

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4
Q

health resources and services administration

A

provides health resources to underserved perosns and builds healthcare workforce

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5
Q

administration on aging

A

carries out provisions of the older american act of 1965

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6
Q

administration for children and families

A

responsible for programs for needy children and families

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7
Q

acency for healthcare research and quality

A

federal agency for research on health care quality, costs, outcomes, and safety

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8
Q

agency for toxic substances and disease registry

A

prevents harmful exposure and diseases related to toxic substances

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9
Q

substance abuse and mental health services administration

A

prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders

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10
Q

national institutes of health

A

primary federal agency for conducitng and supporting medical research

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11
Q

USDA

A

US department of agriculture, leadership on food, agriculture, natural resouces, etc
governs meat products

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12
Q

incidence

A

number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease within a specified population during a specific time period

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13
Q

prevalence

A

a masure of the burden of a health condition in a population. it is the number of persons in a population who have a given disease or attribute at a particular point in time, over a specified time or a specified period of time or over a life time
total # of cases

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14
Q

endemic

A

consistently transmitted disease within a population

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15
Q

sporadic

A

wien only a few scattered cases occur

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16
Q

epidemic

A

an outbreak of a disease in a population that gives rise fo a higher than expected number of cases

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17
Q

pandemic

A

an epidemic occuring on more than one continent

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18
Q

index case

A

the first case of disease in a given area or population

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19
Q

morbidity

A

a deasesd condition or state; sickenss, indicence of disease within a population

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20
Q

mortality

A

death

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21
Q

attack rate

A

measure of infectivity; the proportion of those exposed that develop infection

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22
Q

outbreak

A

rapid emerbence of a disease in a specific population or geographic area

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23
Q

nosocomial infection

A

acquired by patients or staff in health care facilities

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24
Q

exogenous

A

acquired from health care environment, such as air conditioners or bed rails

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25
endogenous
derived from normal microbiota that become opportunistic while the patient is in the health care setting
26
iatrogenic
health care induced injury, disease, or condition
27
idiopathic
an injury, disease or condition for which the cause is not determinable
28
healthy people 2010 goals
increase quality and years of healthy life | eliminate health disparities
29
10 great public health achievements in the US
``` idenfitying tobacco as a health hazard declines in deaths from heart disease and stroke family planning fluoridation of drinking water healthier mothers and babies immunizations motor vehicle safety control of infectious diseases safer and healthier foods workplace safety ```
30
health belief model
``` perceived susceptibility perceived severity perceived benefits perceived barriers cues to action self-efficacy ```
31
perceived susceptibility
person must recognize that they may be susceptible to disease
32
perceived severity
whether the perosn deems the condition to be severe enough to take action
33
perceived benefits
what the person would likely gain from taking the preventative health action
34
perceived barriers
obstacles that may discourage the person from taking action
35
cues to action
enticements that may prompt the person to take action
36
self-efficacy
the level of confidence the person has that they can carry out the health action
37
health services research
investigates the relationship among the need, demand, supply, use and outcome of health services involves various branches of science, including epidemiology, economics and sociology
38
ecological model of health promotion
a comprehensive model is used in health promotion that is aimed more at a macro (population) level. it has contructs that take into consideration the micro issues of the person as well as macro issues of the communitye
39
outcomes research
subfield health services research that focuses primarily on patient-oriented outcomes such as physical and psychosocial function, disability, mortality, return to work, overal quality of life and satisfaction with care. cost, use and complications of health care may also be considered in outcome research
40
primary care
office setting based | emphasizes preventions, health promotion, and health maitenance
41
secondary care
hospital/specialized medical care center | hospital bed ridden for at least a portion of the day (routine surgeries)
42
tertiary care
hospital setting-based | more advanced techniques
43
primary prevention
literally prevention of the initial onset of injury or illnesss
44
secondary prevention
early detection and diagnosis and prompt intervention
45
tertiary prevention
rehabilitation
46
6 pollutants as criteria pollutants
``` particulate matter ground level ozone carbon monoxide sulfer dioxide nitrogen oxides lead ```
47
what is the main component of smog?
ground-level ozone
48
how is ground level ozone formed?
when two types of pollutants (volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxide) react in presence of sunlight
49
what are the main pollutants of acid rain?
sulfer dioxide and nitrogen oxides
50
chlorine is routinely used for what?
rendering drinking water free from microbial contaminants
51
greenhouse effect is mostly due to?
carbon dioxide
52
water purification process
``` filtration flocculation sedimentation sand filtration sludge digestion aeration chlorination ```
53
filtration
filters big stuff with screens
54
flocculation
aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) added. precipitant, clumps,
55
sedimentation
precipitate falls
56
sand filtration
removes anaerobic bacteria
57
sludge digestion
add anaerobic bacteria
58
aeration
adds oxygen to water to improve color and taste kills remaining anaerobic bacterial decreased biological oxygen demand, BOD relates to amount of dissolved organic material
59
chlorination
kills remaining bacteria
60
possible fluorination
not a part of the purification process

Part 2 boards (19 decks)

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