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Part 2 boards > Principles 5 > Flashcards

Principles 5 Flashcards

1
Q

afferent

A

sensory impulses from the periphery to the posterior horn of the spinal cord

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2
Q

allodynia

A

perception of pain from normally non-painful stimulus

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3
Q

ankylosis

A

pathological fusion of bones across a joint

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4
Q

anterior motion segment

A

made up of any two vertebral bodies and an intervertebral disc
weight bearing

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5
Q

axonotmesis

A

type 2 nerve injury
disruption of not only the myelin sheath, but the axon as well
epineurium and perineurium remain intact
still some continuity within the nerve

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6
Q

wallerian degeneration

A

axonotmesis eventually turns into this

a process whereby the part of the axon that is separated from the neuronal cell body disintegrates distal to theinjury

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7
Q

prognosis for wallerian degernation

A

fair

recovery may require months

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8
Q

wallerian degeneration is commonly seen in?

A

crush injuries and displaced bone fractures

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9
Q

bradykinin

A

released from damaged muscle tissue; inflammatory process and sensitizes nociceptors

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10
Q

Cfibers

A

small, slow, non-myelinated nerves carrying pain sensation; nociceptors

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11
Q

creep

A

a progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load
when a load is applied to a viscoelastic structure, it immediately deforms under the load

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12
Q

dorsal rami

A

innervates the skin and instrinsic muscles of the back

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13
Q

dermatogenous pain pattern

A

seen in nerve root compression; pain pattern follows course of a dermatome; sharp or burning pain; radicular pain

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14
Q

efferent

A

motor impulses from the antrerior orn of the spinal ord to the periphery

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15
Q

elasticity

A

teendency of tissue under load to return to its original size and shape after removal of the load. rubber bands and ligaments are examples

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16
Q

endoneurium

A

CT that surrounds individual nerve fibers

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17
Q

epineurium

A

CT that surrounds entire nerve and its major branches

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18
Q

facets

A

responsible for direction of motion (directional guidance)

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19
Q

facilitation

A

increase in afferent stimuli causes a decreased threshold for firing. continued stimulation results in hyperactive responses

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20
Q

golgi tendon organ

A

receptors located at the end of muscle that detect muscle tension. inibits muscle contraction when stimulated

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21
Q

homeopathy

A

treats patients with heavily diuted preparations (fromarily from plant and mineral sources) which are though to cause effects similar to the symptoms presented

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22
Q

hyperemia

A

presence of excess blood in vessels supplying a particular region of the body hyper-active responses (hypersympatheticotonia

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23
Q

hysteresis

A

refers to the loss of energy when the disc or other viscoelastic structures are subjected to repetitive cycles of loading and unloading. it is the abdorption or dissipation of energy by a distorted structure

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24
Q

example of hysteresis

A

jumping up and down, the shock energy is absorbed by the discs on its way from the feet to the head

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25
meniscoid
intraarticular synovial tabs; may prevent a joint from having full mobility
26
motion segment
functional unit ofhe spine consisting of two vertebral boies, the disc in between those bodies, the articular facets, as well as ligaments binding the two vertebrae to one another. the veryebral bodies and the disc make up the antieror motion segment while the posterior motion segment consists of the articular facets
27
muscle spindle
a receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fibers
28
neurapraxia
type I nerve injury involves a reverible conduction block characterized by local ischemia and selective demyliation of the axon sheath. the azon's continuity is retined and although conduction across the nerve injury is inhibited, conduction within the nerve both proximal and distal to the lesion remains intact.
29
prognosis for neurapraxia
good recovery occurs within weeks to months wrist drop secondary to prolonged external pressure that compresses the radial nerve at the spiral groove of the humerus is a clinical example
30
neurotmesis
type III nerve injury most severe form of nerve injury, associated with coprete nerve division and disruption of endoneurium poor prognosis
31
what all is injured in neurotmesis
axon myelin sheath CT
32
nociceptor
sensory receptors sensitive to apin
33
osteopathy
focus was on the "rule of the artery" and the use of nonspecific manipulation to enhance the flow of the blood
34
perineurium
CT that surrounds smaller bundles of nerve fibers
35
plasticity
property of a material that instatly deforms when a load is applied and does not retun to its original shape when the load is removed (ex: bone)
36
posteiror motion segment
articular facets; responsible for directional guidance; mechanorectpros and niciceptors sorround posterior motion segment
37
proprioceptors
receptors in muscles, tendons and joints that detect postiion and motion of the body
38
sclerotogenous pain pattern
pain originating from a sclerotome. commonly seen in njury to the facets or SIjoint. pain is dull in nature poorly localized (bone on bone pain, not below knee)
39
sinuvertebral nerve (recurrent meningeal nerve)
recurrent branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertebral joints and intervertebral disc of the vertebrae goes to PLL, ligamentum flavum, anterior dura but NOTto the ALL
40
somatic
essentially refers to skin, bone, nerve and muscle
41
trophic
related to growth and nutrition
42
vertebbral ateries
run through the transverse foramina of the cerival vertebra | obstruction of transverse foramina may lead to vertebra artery insufficiency
43
ventral rami
innervate the skin and msucles of the trunk and limbs
44
viscera
essentially refers to autonomic organs, blood and lymph vessels
45
vitalism
principle thtat maintinas laws of physics and chemistry cannot explain the nature of life
46
holism
all properties of a given system cannot be determined or explained by its parts alone
47
wolff's law
bone is shaped by forces plated on it or lack of force (immobilization)
48
hilton's law
trunk of a nerve sends branches to aprticular muscle, the joint moved by the muscle and skkin overlying the insertion of a muscle. altered nerve activity to a muscle may be associated with altered nerve activity to the segmentally related spinal joints
49
heuter-volkman's law
increased epiphyseal pressure leads to decreased growth and vice versa
50
bell magendie
anterior horn of the cord is motor while the posterior horn is sensory
51
sherrington's law
reciprocal inhibition | one muscle relaxes as antagonist contracts
52
davis's law
soft tissue models along imposed demands | muscle lengthens if stretched
53
capsular
firm but givin | resistance builds with lenthening; like stretching a piece of leather
54
example of capuslar
close-packed postion of the joint external rotation of the shoulder abnormal: capsular fibrosis (frozen shoulder)
55
ligamentous
palpated as abrupt hard block with no end play with a normal ROM
56
example of ligamentous
knee extension | abnormal: chronic whiplash
57
soft tissue approximation
giving, squeezing quality; results from approximation of soft tissue typically painless
58
example of soft tissue approximation
elbow flexion | abnormal: muscle hypertorphy, soft tissue swelling
59
bony
hard, non-giving abrupt stop as 2 surfaces meet
60
example of bony
elbow extension | abnormal: bony exostosis
61
muscle spasm
guarded, reisted by muscle contraction muscle reaction should be felt the end feel canot be assessed because of pain or guarding
62
example of muscle spasm
hypermobility/istability
63
empty
normal end feel resistance is missing end feel is not encountered at normal point or the joint demonstrates unsual give pain is felt before full ROM is achieved
64
interarticular
bouncy, springy quality
65
example of interarticular
meniscal tear, joint mice

Part 2 boards (19 decks)

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