Preideu Annwn Vocabulary Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.1, §8.7
Golychaf
A
I praise
(1st singular present indicative)
2
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.1, §8.7
Wledic
A
Lord
(Masculine noun)
(Lenited from ‘gwledic’; directly precedes verb.)
3
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.1, §8.7
Pendevic
A
Prince
(Masculine noun)
4
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.1
Gwlat
A
Land; realm
(Feminine noun)
5
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.1
Ri
A
King
(Masculine noun; ?collective noun)
6
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.2
Ry
A
Perfective relative particle, translated here as ‘who’.
7
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.2
Ledas
A
Extended
(3rd singular preterite)
(Lenited from ‘lledas’; preceded by relative particle ‘ry’.)
8
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.2
Pennaeth
A
Dominion
(Masculine and feminine noun)
9
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.2
Dros
A
Over
(Preposition)
10
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.2
Traeth
A
Region; area
(Masculine noun)
11
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.2
Mundi
A
World
(Latin)
12
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.3
Bu
A
Was
(3rd singular preterite of ‘bot’.)
13
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.3
Kyweir
A
Prepared
(Adjective)
14
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.3
Karchar
A
Prison
(Masculine noun)
15
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.4
Trwy
A
According to
(Preposition)
(Literally ‘through’, but often takes on the meaning of ‘according to’, ‘because of’.)
16
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.4
Ebostol
A
Tale; epistle
(Feminine noun)
17
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.5
Neb … nyt
A
No-one
(Pronoun)
(NB: ‘neb’ translates as ‘someone’, but often affected by the negative in this way.
18
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.5
Kyn noc
A
Before
(Preposition)
19
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.5, §4.5, §5.4
Aeth
A
He went
(3rd singular preterite of ‘mynet’)
20
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.5, §1.9
Idi
A
To it
(Compound preposition)
(NB: The feminine pronoun indicates that ‘kaer sidi’ is feminine.)
21
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.6
Gadwyn
A
Chain
(Feminine noun)
(Lenited from ‘cadwyn’; feminine noun preceded by definite article ‘y’.)
22
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.6
Tromlas
A
Heavy and grey
(Compound adjective; trom ‘heavy’ + glas ‘grey’.)
23
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.6
Kywirwas
A
Loyal youth
(Masculine noun)
24
Q
Preideu Annwn §1.6
Ketwi
A
Guarding
(Verbal noun)
25
Preideu Annwn §1.7
Rac
Before; because of
(Preposition; conjunction)
(Meaning ambiguous. Could be either.)
26
Preideu Annwn §1.7
Preideu
Spoils; plunder
(Plural masculine and feminine noun)
(Also carries the meaning of 'flock, herd'.)
27
Preideu Annwn §1.7
Annwfyn
Otherworld
(Proper noun)
28
Preideu Annwn §1.7
Tost
Sadly; pitifully
(Adjective as adverb)
29
Preideu Annwn §1.7
Geni
Singing
(Verbal noun)
(Literally 'to give birth, to produce', but often has figurative meaning.)
30
Preideu Annwn §1.8
Yt
Until; as far as
(Conjunction)
(Meaning is unclear; it is not the preverbal particle [it precedes 'Urawt'] so Nerys Ann Jones suggests that it is a corruption of 'hyd' or the rarer forms 'bed' or 'fed'.)
31
Preideu Annwn §1.8
Urawt
Judgement Day
(Feminine noun)
(Lenited from 'brawt'; preceded by conjunction 'yt'.)
(NB: Based on context, it is obvious that it is not 'brother'.)
32
Preideu Annwn §1.8
Parahawt
Will continue
(3rd singular present/future indicative)
33
Preideu Annwn §1.8
Yn bardwedi
Our poetic prayer
(3rd plural possessive pronoun + feminine noun)
(NB: The pronoun form is unconventional, but makes most sense in this context.)
34
Preideu Annwn §1.9 ff.
Lloneit
Full loads
(Plural masculine noun)
35
Preideu Annwn §1.9 ff.
Prytwen
Prydwen
(Proper noun)
36
Preideu Annwn §1.9 ff.
Aetham-ni
We went
(1st plural preterite + pronoun for emphasis)
37
Preideu Annwn §1.10 ff.
Nam[yn]
Except for
(Adverb)
38
Preideu Annwn §1.10 ff.
Ny dyrreith
None returned
(3rd singular preterite)
39
Preideu Annwn §2.1, §3.1
Neut
Affirmative preverbal particle
40
Preideu Annwn §2.1, §3.1
Wyf
I am
(1st singular present indicative of 'bot')
41
Preideu Annwn §2.1, §3.1
Glot geinmyn
Fame-splendid
(Double-barrelled adjective)
(Both parts are lenited from 'clot' and 'keinmyn' respectively; 'clot' due to predicate; 'keinmyn' as second half of the compound.)
(NB: Could also be translated as '[bestowing] splendid fame', following Marged Haycock.)
42
Preideu Annwn §2.1, §3.1
Cerd
Song
(Feminine noun)
43
Preideu Annwn §2.1
Ochlywi[t]
Was heard
(Impersonal imperfect indicative)
44
Preideu Annwn §2.2, §3.2
Pedryvan
Four-cornered
(Adjective)
45
Preideu Annwn §2.2
Pedyr ychwelyt
Perfectly revolving
(Adjective)
46
Preideu Annwn §2.3
'Yg
My
(1st singular possessive pronoun)
(NB: Note that it has been shortened from 'vyg'.)
47
Preideu Annwn §2.3
Kynneir
First utterance; poem
(Masculine noun)
48
Preideu Annwn §2.3, §2.5
Peir
Cauldron
(Masculine noun)
49
Preideu Annwn §2.3, §8.3
Pan
When; how
(Conjunction)
50
Preideu Annwn §2.3
Leferit
It was spoken
(Impersonal preterite)
(Lenited from 'lleferit'; preceded by conjunction 'pan'.)
51
Preideu Annwn §2.4
Anadyl
Breath
(Masculine and feminine noun)
52
Preideu Annwn §2.4
Morwyn
Maiden
(Feminine noun)
(Grammatically singular, but translate as plural due to context.)
53
Preideu Annwn §2.4
Gochneuit
It was kindled
(Impersonal imperfect indicative)
54
Preideu Annwn §2.5
Neu
It is
(Affirmative preverbal particle, acts as copula)
55
Preideu Annwn §2.5, §6.2, §6.4
Pen
Head
(Masculine noun)
(Figurative for 'the Lord', 'God'.)
56
Preideu Annwn §2.5, §5.2
Pwy
What; who
(Interrogative particle; usually the latter.)
57
Preideu Annwn §2.5, §4.2
Wryt (vynut)
Strength (disposition)
(Masculine noun)
(Lenited from 'gwryt' ('Mynut'); preceded by 3rd singular possessive pronoun 'y'.)
(NB: The copy used for class had 'wryt', while other MS copies have 'vynut'.)
(NB: In §4.2, it is spelled 'wrhyt'.)
58
Preideu Annwn §2.6
Gwrym
Dark-coloured
(Adjective)
(Meaning unclear. Haycock suggests amending to 'gwrm'.)
59
Preideu Annwn §2.6
Oror
Border
(Feminine noun)
(Lenited from 'goror'; feminine noun preceded by definite article 'y'.)
60
Preideu Annwn §2.6
a mererit
With pearls
(Relative particle + Plural noun)
61
Preideu Annwn §2.7
Beirw
Boil
(3rd singular present participle)
62
Preideu Annwn §2.7
Bwyt llwfyr
Coward's food
(Masculine nouns)
(Understand as a genitive construction, instead of object-subject word order.)
63
Preideu Annwn §2.7
Ny
Negative relative particle
(NB: Does not always have a direct translation; it depends on context. Sometimes, as here, it is 'nor'.)
64
Preideu Annwn §2.7
Tyghit
It is destined [to do so]
(3rd singular imperfect indicative)
(NB: Add the bit in square brackets so that the sentence makes sense.)
65
Preideu Annwn §2.8
Cledyf
Sword
(Masculine noun)
66
Preideu Annwn §2.8
Lluch
Flashing
(Adjective)
67
Preideu Annwn §2.8
Lleawc
Lleog
(Proper noun)
68
Preideu Annwn §2.8
Idaw
Into it
(Compound preposition)
69
Preideu Annwn §2.8
Rydyrchit
Was thrust
(Preverbal particle 'ry' + impersonal imperfect indicative)
(Lenited from 'tyrchit'; preceded by preverbal particle 'ry'.)
70
Preideu Annwn §2.9
Llaw
Hand
(Feminine noun)
71
Preideu Annwn §2.9
Leminawc
Lleminog
(Proper noun)
(Lenited from 'Lleminawc'; preceded by feminine noun in copula construction.)
72
Preideu Annwn §2.9
Yd edewit
It was left behind
(Copula + Impersonal imperfect indicative)
73
Preideu Annwn §2.10
Drws
Door
(Masculine noun)
74
Preideu Annwn §2.10
Porth
Gate
(Masculine noun)
75
Preideu Annwn §2.10
Uffern
Hell
(Feminine noun)
(NB: Hell has been conflated with Annwfn here; interesting connotations.)
76
Preideu Annwn §2.10
Llugyrn
Torches
(Plural masculine noun)
77
Preideu Annwn §2.10
Lloscit
Burned
(Impersonal imperfect indicative)
(NB: Should be lenited, but isn't. To accommodate for this, possibly put a comma after 'llygyrn' so that this can be translated as 'torches, they were burned.')
78
Preideu Annwn §2.11, §5.7
Phan
When
(Conjunction)
(Spirant mutation from 'pan'; preceded by 'a', 'and'.)
79
Preideu Annwn §2.11
Trafferth
Trouble
(Feminine noun)
80
Preideu Annwn §2.11
Lethrit
Famous; renowned
(Adjective)
(Lenited from 'llethrit'; preceded by feminine noun.)
81
Preideu Annwn §2.12
Vedwit
Mead-feast
(Compound noun; med 'feast' + gwit 'feast', 'liquid'.)
(Lenited from 'medwit'; preceded by feminine noun 'caer'.)
82
Preideu Annwn §3.1
Glywan[no]r
Are heard
(3rd plural passive)
(Lenited from 'clywannor'; preceded by feminine noun 'kerd'.)
(NB: Because the verb is plural, the preceding 'kerd' must also be plural.)
83
Preideu Annwn §3.2
Ynys
Island
(Feminine noun)
84
Preideu Annwn §3.2
Pybyrdor
Stout defence
(Compound noun; pybyr 'stout' + dor 'defence'.)
85
Preideu Annwn §3.3
Echwyd
Fresh water
(Masculine noun)
86
Preideu Annwn §3.3
Muchyd
Jet
(Masculine and feminine noun)
87
Preideu Annwn §3.3
Kymyscetor
They are mixed
(Impersonal present indicative)
88
Preideu Annwn §3.4
Gwin
Wine
(Masculine noun)
89
Preideu Annwn §3.4
Gloyw
Sparkling
(Adjective)
90
Preideu Annwn §3.4
Gwirawt
Liquor
(Masculine and feminine noun)
91
Preideu Annwn §3.4
Go[s]gor[]
Retinue
(Masculine and feminine noun)
(NB: MS has 'gorgord'.)
92
Preideu Annwn §3.5, §7.3
Vor
Sea
(Masculine noun)
(Lenited from 'mor'; preceded by preposition 'ar'.)
93
Preideu Annwn §3.6
Rigor
Numbness
(Meaning uncertain. Haycock speculates that it is from the Latin.)
94
Preideu Annwn §4.1, §5.1, §6.1
Ny obrynaf-i
I do not value
(1st singular present indicative)
(NB: The literal meaning of obrynaf is 'to be worthy', 'to deserve'; the meaning needs to be stretched to 'to value' in this sense.)
95
Preideu Annwn §4.1, §5.1, §6.1
Lawyr
Insignificant men
(Meaning unclear. Possibly a compound; llaw 'small, low' + gwyr 'men'.)
(Lenited from 'llawyr'; ?preceded by pronoun 'i'.)
96
Preideu Annwn §4.1
Llen
Writing; scripture
(Feminine noun)
(NB: Preceding this you need to supply '[concerned with]' otherwise the sentence doesn't make sense.
97
Preideu Annwn §4.1
Llywyadur
Lord
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Should be lenited if 'llen' is feminine, but it is not.)
98
Preideu Annwn §4.2
Tra
Beyond
(Preposition)
99
Preideu Annwn §4.2
Chaer Wydyr
Glass fort
(Feminine noun + masculine noun)
(Spirant mutation from 'caer'; preceded by preposition 'tra'. Lenited from 'gwydyr'; preceded by feminine noun in copula.)
100
Preideu Annwn §4.2
Ny welsynt
Have not seen
(3rd plural imperfect indicative)
101
Preideu Annwn §4.3
Tri vgeint canhwr
Six thousand men
(Literally 'three twenty hundred men'.)
102
Preideu Annwn §4.3
Seui
Stood
(3rd singular imperfect indicative)
103
Preideu Annwn §4.3
Mur
Rampart; wall
(Masculine noun)
104
Preideu Annwn §4.4
Oed
It was
(3rd singular imperfect indicative)
105
Preideu Annwn §4.4
Anhawd
Difficult
(Adjective)
106
Preideu Annwn §4.4
Ymadrawd
To speak
(Verbal noun)
107
Preideu Annwn §4.4
A'e gwylyadur
With their watchman
(Conjunction + 3rd plural possessive pronoun + masculine noun)
108
Preideu Annwn §4.5
Gan
With
(Conjunction)
109
Preideu Annwn §4.6
Golud
Impediment
(Masculine noun)
110
Preideu Annwn §5.1, §6.1
Llaes
Trailing
(Adjective)
111
Preideu Annwn §5.1
Kylchwy
Garments
(Masculine noun)
(Cf. Clad Abercuawg 8b: 'neur laesswys vyg kylchwy'.)
112
Preideu Annwn §5.2, §5.5, §6.2, §8.3
Ny wdant
Who do not know
(3rd plural present indicative)
113
Preideu Annwn §5.2 ff.
Py
What
(Interrogative particle)
114
Preideu Annwn §5.2, §6.2
Peridyd
Created
(Unclear verbal form)
115
Preideu Annwn §5.3, §6.3
Ymeindyd
The middle of the day
(Definite article + masculine noun)
116
Preideu Annwn §5.3
Ganet
Was born
(Impersonal preterite)
117
Preideu Annwn §5.4
Gwnaeth
Made
(3rd singular preterite of 'gwneuthur')
118
Preideu Annwn §5.4
Ar
The one who
(Demonstrative relative pronoun)
119
Preideu Annwn §5.4
Doleu
Meadows
(Plural feminine noun)
120
Preideu Annwn §5.4
Defwy
Defwy
(Proper noun)
121
Preideu Annwn §5.5
Ych Brych
Speckled ox
(Masculine noun + adjective)
122
Preideu Annwn §5.5
Bras
Thick
(Adjective)
123
Preideu Annwn §5.5
Penrwy
Halter
(Noun)
(Literally 'ox-collar')
124
Preideu Annwn §5.6
Vgein
Score; twenty
(Numeral)
125
Preideu Annwn §5.6
Kygwng
Links
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Grammatically singular, but becomes plural as preceded by a numeral.)
126
Preideu Annwn §5.6
Aerwy
Chain
(Masculine noun)
127
Preideu Annwn §5.7, §6.5
Auyrdwl
Wretched; woeful
(Adjective)
128
Preideu Annwn §5.7
Gofwy
Journey; visit
(Masculine noun)
(NB: This should be lenited because the adjective precedes it. However, if it is understood as a copula, then this trouble is avoided.)
129
Preideu Annwn §5.8
Vandwy
Manddwy
(Proper noun)
(Lenited from 'Mandwy'; preceded by feminine noun.)
130
Preideu Annwn §6.1
Gohen
Resolve; will
(Masculine noun)
131
Preideu Annwn §6.3
Perchen
Owner
(Masculine noun)
(Figuratively 'God', 'the Lord'.)
132
Preideu Annwn §6.4
Vil
Animal
(Masculine noun)
(Lenited from 'mil'; preceded by interrogative particle 'py'.)
133
Preideu Annwn §6.4
Gatwant
They guard
(3rd plural present indicative)
134
Preideu Annwn §6.4
Aryant
Silver
(Adjective)
135
Preideu Annwn §6.5
Gynhen
Battle; strife
(Feminine noun)
(Lenited from 'cynhen'; preceded by adjective 'afyrdwl'.)
(NB: This translation is not a copula like in the preceding stanza, as indicated by the lenition.)
136
Preideu Annwn §6.6
Ochren
Angular
(Adjective)
137
Preideu Annwn §7.1, §8.1
Myneich
Monks
(Plural masculine noun)
138
Preideu Annwn §7.1, §8.1
Dychnut
Crowd together
(3rd singular present indicative)
(NB: Strange word, with seemingly no preverbal particle; however, in old Welsh, the prefix 'dy-' could act as a preverbal particle.)
139
Preideu Annwn §7.1, §8.1
Val
Like
(Conjunction)
140
Preideu Annwn §7.1
Cunin
Dogs; whelps
(Collective noun)
141
Preideu Annwn §7.1
Cor
Pack
(Masculine and feminine noun)
(In a reverse genitive such as this, the second element 'cor' should be lenited. It is not spelled, although it may have been pronounced.)
142
Preideu Annwn §7.2, §8.2
Gyfranc
Clash
(Masculine and feminine noun)
(Lenited from 'Kyfranc'; preceded by conjunction 'o', 'because of'.)
(NB: while it usually means 'story' or 'tale', it can also carry the meaning of 'conflict', 'clash'.)
143
Preideu Annwn §7.2, §8.2
Udyd
Lords
(Plural masculine noun)
(NB: Meaning unclear. Might be a rare plural form of ud, 'lord'. Taken by Haycock to mean 'masters of learning' rather than political or clerical lords.)
144
Preideu Annwn §7.2, §8.2
Ae gwidanhor
Who know it
(3rd plural present indicative [old form])
(NB: 'ae' could be either the 3rd singular infixed pronoun, or just the old Welsh relative, spelled 'a' in middle Welsh. Depending on how you understand this, add or leave off the 'it' onto the end.)
145
Preideu Annwn §7.3 ff.
Vn
Single; one
(Numeral)
146
Preideu Annwn §7.3, §8.4
Hynt
Course
(Feminine noun)
147
Preideu Annwn §7.3, §8.4
Gwynt
Wind
(Masculine noun)
(Should this be lenited? Perhaps it wasn't spelled.)
148
Preideu Annwn §7.3
Dwfyr
Water
(Masculine noun)
149
Preideu Annwn §7.4
Vfel
Spark
(Masculine noun)
150
Preideu Annwn §7.4
Tan
Fire
(Masculine noun)
151
Preideu Annwn §7.4
Twrwf
Tumult
(Masculine noun)
152
Preideu Annwn §7.4
Diachor
Unstoppable
(Adjective)
153
Preideu Annwn §8.1
Bleidawr
Wolves
(Plural masculine noun)
154
Preideu Annwn §8.3
Yscar
Divide
(3rd singular present indicative)
155
Preideu Annwn §8.3
Deweint
Darkness
(Masculine noun)
156
Preideu Annwn §8.3
Gwawr
Dawn
(Masculine and feminine noun)
157
Preideu Annwn §8.4
Neu
Nor
(Negative relative particle)
158
Preideu Annwn §8.4
Rynnawd
Assault; attack
(Masculine and feminine noun)
159
Preideu Annwn §8.5
Va
Place
(Singular nominal)
(Lenited from 'ma'; preceded by interrogative particle 'py'.)
160
Preideu Annwn §8.5
Diua
Devastates
(3rd singular present indicative)
161
Preideu Annwn §8.5
Tir
Land
(Masculine noun)
162
Preideu Annwn §8.5
Plawd
Strikes
(3rd singular present indicative)
163
Preideu Annwn §8.6
Bet
How many
(Interrogative particle)
(Lenited from 'pet'; sometimes question words lenite even though nothing precedes it.)
164
Preideu Annwn §8.6
Sant
Saints
(Grammatically singular noun, but refers to plural.)
165
Preideu Annwn §8.6
Diuant
Eternity; disappearance
(Masculine noun)
(Not 'death', but referring to the afterlife/otherworld.)
166
Preideu Annwn §8.6
Allawr
Altars
(Plural feminine noun)
167
Preideu Annwn §8.8
Na bwyf
I may not be
(1st singular present subjunctive)
(NB: Here, the use of 'na', the subordinate negative particle, is odd as the line seems to be a main clause. It is possible to amend the beginning of the line by adding 'so that' to turn it into a subordinate clause, however.)
168
Preideu Annwn §8.8
Trist
Sad; downhearted
(Adjective)
169
Preideu Annwn §8.8
Gwadawl
Will reward
(3rd singular present/future indicative)
