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Paper 21A: Medieval Welsh > Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn Vocabulary > Flashcards

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Kat

A

Host
(Feminine noun)
(NB: Remember, ‘cat’ can be either ‘battle’ or ‘host’. Work it out based on context.)

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2
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Diffret

A

Defence
(Maculine noun)

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3
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Arllofeis

A

Gave; bestowed upon
(3rd singular preterite)
(Probably a scribal error, as ‘arllofeis’ is a 1st singular preterite, which makes no sense. Read ‘anllofes’ in order to get the correct verb form. This is done easily, as ‘e’ and ‘i’ are similar in older scripts.)

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4
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 1
Ket

A

Gift
(Masculine and feminine noun)

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5
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Kanyt

A

Since it is not
(Conjunction + negative copula)

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6
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Geu

A

False
(Adjective)

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7
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Gofyget

A

Honour
(Masculine noun)

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8
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Gwrthelgwn

A

Enricher; generous provider
(Meaning unclear. The GPC suggests that it is a scribal error for ‘gwrthelwr’.)
(NB: Williams also notes that ‘gwrthel’ means ‘furniture, equipment, outfit’. So ‘gwrthelgwn’ could mean ‘one who equips, one who furnishes’.)

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9
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 2
Trefbret

A

Estate
(Feminine noun)
(Scribal error for ‘trefret’, meaning ‘the land adjoining the house as well as the house itself’.)

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10
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3, 4, 5
Kant; cant

A

A hundred
(Numeral)

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11
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Gorwyd

A

Steeds
(Masculine noun)
(NB: Grammatically singular, but translated as plural due to numeral.)

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12
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Kyfret

A

As swift as each other
(Equative adjective)

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13
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Aryant

A

Silver
(Adjective)

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14
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 3
Tudet

A

Mantles; coverings
(Grammatically singular, but plural due to the numeral earlier in the line.)

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15
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 4
Llen

A

Veils
(Feminine noun)
(Grammatically singular, but plural due to the numeral earlier in the line.)

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16
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 4
Ehoec

A

Heather-coloured
(Adjective)

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17
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 4
O vn o vaen gyffret

A

Of the same measure
(Meaning unclear. Possibly ‘o vaen’ was a misreading for ‘am’. Thus ‘amgyffret’, meaning ‘measure, extent’.)

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18
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Armell

A

Bracelets
(?Feminine noun)
(Grammatically singular, but plural due to the numeral earlier in the line.)

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19
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Arffet

A

Lap
(Feminine noun)

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20
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Phympwnt

A

Fifty
(Numeral)

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21
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 5
Cathet

A

?Ornamental coverings
(Could be ‘cathet’ meaning ‘cats’, however cats may have been too humble an offering to include in the list. Given this, it may be a misreading of ‘caened’, meaning ‘covering, skin, leather jacket’; in an earlier period it may have been written ‘cainet’, and ‘-in-‘ could have been misread as ‘-th-‘. Ifor Williams also suggests it may be the remnant of a word that has fallen out of use.)

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22
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Cledyf

A

Sword
(Masculine noun)

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23
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Gwein

A

Sheath
(Feminine noun)

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24
Q

Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6
Karrec

A

Stone
(Masculine and feminine noun)

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25
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6 Dyrngell
Auburn hilt (Compound masculine noun + adjective)
26
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6 Gwell
Better (Comparative adjective)
27
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 6 Honeb
Than any (Misreading of 'no neb')
28
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 7 Cant
With; from (Preposition) (Old form of 'gan'. It is not 'cant', 100, as it is in preceding lines.)
29
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 7 Kaffat
These were received (Impersonal preterite) (NB: An example of a 'proest' rhyme with 'anwelet'.)
30
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 7 Kas anwelet
Whose anger was unseen; one who hates shame. (NB: Construction is unclear. 'Cas' could mean either 'hate, anger', or 'one who hates x'. 'Anwelet' could be either a form of 'anweledig', meaning 'unseen, invisible', or a misreading of 'anwyled', meaning 'disgraceful, shameful'.)
31
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 8 Katellig
Cadell's lineage (The '-ig' ending describes the descendants of Cadell.)
32
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 8 Ystret
Lineage; line; series (Feminine noun) (NB: Seemingly an emphasis on the meaning of 'katellig'.)
33
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 8 Kat anyscoget
Battle-immovable; an immovable host. (Translation depends on the meaning of 'kat'.)
34
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 9 Kyrchet
Was made; made for (Impersonal preterite) (NB: Can be transitive or intransitive [that is, takes a subject or not] depending on whether 'kat' is translated as 'battle' or 'host'.)
35
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 9 Gwaywawr
Spears (Plural masculine and feminine noun)
36
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 9 Ebrifet
Innumerable (Adjective)
37
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10 Gwenhwys
Men of Gwent (Compound noun Gwent + gwyr)
38
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10 Ladet
Were slain (Impersonal imperfect indicative)
39
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10 A lafyn
By a blade (Relative pronoun + masculine and feminine noun) (Lenited from 'llafyn'; preceded by relative pronoun 'a'.)
40
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 10 Gwyarlet
Bloodstained; covered with blood (Compound adjective)
41
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 11 Tec
Fair (Adjective)
42
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 11 Erglyt
Secure; celebrated (Adjective)
43
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 11 A molet
Because of praise; and praised (Two ways to read: (a) as 'o foled', where molet is ‘praise’ and o is ‘from’, ‘because of’. (b) read a as ‘and’, and molet as an adjective.)
44
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12 Tra
Across; beyond (Preposition)
45
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12 Menei
Menai Strait (Proper noun)
46
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12 Mynet
Going (Verbal noun)
47
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12 Gworwyd
Quite easy (Compound; gwo 'rather, quite' + rhwydd 'easy, speedy'.)
48
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 12 A gworgret
Because of the rest (Masculine noun) (NB: Take 'a' as 'o', 'because of', as in the preceding line.)
49
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13 Cruc
Hill (Masculine noun)
50
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13 Dymet
Dyfed (Proper noun)
51
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13 Aercol
Aergol (Proper noun)
52
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 13 Ar gerdet
On the move (Verbal noun) (Meaning agitated, rather than fleeing, according to Ifor Williams.)
53
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14 Nac
Before (Preposition) (Read as 'rac'.)
54
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14 Rywelet
Been seen (Perfective preverbal particle + impersonal imperfect indicative)
55
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14 Y biw
His cattle (Feminine noun)
56
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14 Rac ffriw
In front of (Compound preposition) (Literally 'before the face of'.)
57
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 14 Neb
Anyone [else] (Pronoun)
58
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 15 Brolet
Territory-extending (Adjective) (NB: Perhaps translate as 'extending his territory'.)
59
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 15 Eidywet
His (Meaning unclear. Could be an error for erglywet, ‘to listen’. Or, perhaps the -et is an error and it is meant to be eidaw, 3rd singular masculine possessive pronoun. Or, could it be a compound of ei, ‘their’ and dywet, ‘to say’?) (NB: If taking as 'his', note the change.)
60
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 15 Eidunet
Desire (Masculine and feminine noun)
61
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16 Kernyw
Cornwall (Proper noun)
62
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16 Kyfarchet
Let it beg (Meaning unclear. Could be 3rd singular imperative of cyfarchu 'to ask, to request, to beg'. In any case, Kernyw is the subject.)
63
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16 Ny mawl
He will not praise (Verbal noun; changed to 3rd singular present/future indicative in translation.)
64
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16 Ieu (ieu)
Their (Read 'eu': 3rd plural possessive pronoun)
65
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 16 Tyghet
Fate (Masculine and feminine noun)
66
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17 Dystwc
He brings upon them (3rd singular present indicative) (NB: The 3rd plural infixed pronoun ''s' is inserted in the middle of the word.
67
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17 Aghyffret
Suffering (Masculine noun)
68
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17 Ynyd
Until (Conjunction) (NB: Read 'yny')
69
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 17 Am iolet
He was petitioned (Impersonal imperfect indicative) (NB: Here, am is actually a'm, with the infixed 3rd singular pronoun.)
70
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 18 Kynnelw
Patronage (Masculine noun)
71
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 18 Ergynnan
Chief (Masculine noun) (Comparative connotations: Mary is the ergynan rianet, ‘chief of all virgins’; Owain was the Gwynet ar gynnan, ‘chief of Gwynedd’.)
72
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19 Aeleu
With his light (Masculine noun) (NB: Read as a'e leu.)
73
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19 Lydan
Broad (Adjective)
74
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19 Kyfwyrein
Raising (Verbal noun)
75
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 19 Mawrtan
Great fire (Compound noun + adjective) (NB: Note the lack of spelled lenition on 'tan', despite the irregular word order.)
76
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 20 Ygwlat
In the land (Preposition + feminine noun) (Spirant mutation of 'gwlat'; absorbed by particle)
77
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 20 Katlan
Battlefield (Feminine noun)
78
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 20 God aran
Mole-hill; clamorous (Either take as one word, the adjective 'clamorous', or as 'mole-hill' in a genitive with 'katlan'.)
79
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 21 Tegyrned
Princes (Plural masculine noun) (NB: Note the alternate form.)
80
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 21 Truan
Wretched (Adjective)
81
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 21 Crinyt
You will quake (2nd plural present/future imperative)
82
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22 Lluryc
Breastplate (Masculine and feminine noun)
83
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22 Ymwan
Piercing (3rd singular present indicative)
84
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22 Eissor
Like; of the same nature as (Adjective)
85
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 22 Llyw heechan
Dragon; beast (Masculine and feminine noun) (NB: Read as 'llywethan', derived from 'leviathan'.)
86
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 23 Kyngen
Cyngen (Proper noun)
87
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 23 Kymangan
Of the same nature as (Noun) (NB: Read as 'cyvanian', meaning 'similarity of nature'. In a reverse genitive with 'kyngen', and so should be lenited, but this is not spelled.)
88
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 24 Kigleu
I heard (1st singular preterite) (NB: Remember, 'kigleu' can be both 1st and 3rd singular preterite.)
89
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 24 Ymdidan
Talk; conversation (Verbal noun)
90
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 24 Yny gochvan
Praising him (Verbal noun) (NB: 'Yny' must be split to 'yn y', with 'yn' as the predicative particle, and 'y' as the 3rd singular possessive pronoun.)
91
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25 Kylch
All around (Preposition)
92
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25 Goch gwochuan
Under the red sun (NB: Read 'gwochuan' as 'gwo huan', meaning 'under the sun'.) (NB: Williams assumes that 'goch' was a mistake by the scribe, a dittography, where a word is written twice erroneously. Don't translate as that, though, and move the word order around a bit.)
93
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25 Keith
Captive (Adjective)
94
Trawsganu Kynan Garwyn l. 25 Ynt
Are (3rd plural present indicative of 'bot')

Paper 21A: Medieval Welsh (17 decks)

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