PRELIMS 1ST PLATING NEURO

Question 1

A previously healthy 25/F has acute onset of confusion and disorientation followed by tonic-clonic seizure. On admission, she is afebrile, and her BP is 110/65 mmHg. No papilledema is observed. Serum and urine drug screening results are negative. CT scan of the head shows a 3-cm recent hemorrhage in the left temporal lobe. CSF analysis shows only a few mononuclear cells and normal glucose and protein levels. Infection in which organism is the cause of her disease

Answer 1

Herpes Simplex Virus

Question 2

A 72/M with diabetes mellitus had acute onset of loss of consciousness or confusion, followed by worsening ability to perform activities of daily living, On physical examination, he has mild right hemiparesis, ataxia, and dysathria. Which pathologic finding is most likely to be present and numerous in this man

Answer 2

Lacunes

Question 3

An 18/M sustains severe blunt head trauma in a motor vehicle accident. he is comatose on arrival at the ER and has no spontaneous movements. there is bilateral papilledema. He dies 1 day after the accident. At autopsy, there is a midbrain hemorrhage, arranged in a linear ventral-to-dorsal direction, and bilateral uncal and most cerebral herniation. What mechanism is most likely to result in type of hemorrhage

Answer 3

stretching of perforating basilar artery branches

Question 4

A 30/F presents with weakness and hyperreflexia of the left lower extremity. These began as mild weakness but had slowly and progressively become more severe. CT scan of the head reveals a well-defined right-sided parasagittal mass compressing (but not invading) the brain parenchyma. Which is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 4

Meningioma

Question 5

Which mechanism is most likely responsible for Alzheimer Disease

Answer 5

Aggregation of AB peptide

Question 6

Findings of an autopsy revealed mild cerebral atrophy and loss of substantia nigra pigmentation. Microscopically, there is loss of pigmented neurons, and the remaining substantia nigra neurons and cortical neurons show spheroidal intraneuronal, cytoplasmic, and eosinophilic inclusions

Immunihistochemical staining for which protein is most likely to be positive in these inclusions

Answer 6

a-synuclein

Question 7

what lesion is most likely to be present in an unconscious patient from a motor vehicular accident but CT scan of the head shows no intracranial hemorrhage or edema and no skull fractures

Answer 7

diffuse axonal injury

Question 8

A 49 F has had a severe headache for 2 days she is afebrile and normotensive. Fundoscopy revealed papilledema on the right. One day later, she has right pupillary dilation and impaired ocular movement. She then becomes obtunded. Which lesion best explains these findings

Answer 8

transtentorial medial temporal herniation

Question 9

Which blood vessel is involved in epidural hematoma

Answer 9

middle meningeal artery

Question 10

Glioblastoma is a variant of infiltrating astrocytoma belonging to which WHO tumor

Answer 10

Grade IV

Question 11

what will be elevayed in a patient presenting with unilateral vision loss, motor and sensory abnormalities, spasticity, improper conjugate movements and gray plaques around the ventricles

Answer 11

y globulin

Question 12

which CNS tumor has the best prognosis

Answer 12

pilocytic astrocytoma

Question 13

Which is a diagnostic feature of acute pyogenic meningitis

Answer 13

presence of gram negative cocci on gram stain of CSF

Question 14

The most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with which of these

Answer 14

hypercholesterolemia

Question 15

A patient complains of a sudden excruciating headache described as the “WORST headache of his life” it worsens while doing activities that increase intracranial pressure like straining during defecation. What is the most common etiology of this condition

Answer 15

aneurysm

Question 16

What is the most common cause of death in a patient presenting with loss of upper and lower motor neuron

Answer 16

pneumonia

Question 17

A term-infant is born to a 32/F whose pregnancy was uncomplicated. Newborn physical examination shows a small lower lumbar skin dimple with protruding tuft of hair. A radiograph shows that the underlying L4 vertebra has a lack of closure of the posterior arches. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 17

Spina bifida occulta

Question 17

which marker of neuronal injury will feature shrinkage of the cell body

Answer 17

red neurons

Question 18

If a female gives birth to a baby with microcephaly which infectious agent would be the most probable cause?

Answer 18

HIV