PSYC 210 - Hormones & Sex

Question 1

Females with Turner’s Syndrome have ____ chromosomes.

Answer 1

X0

Question 2

Males with Klinefelter syndrome have ___ chromosomes.

Answer 2

XXY

Question 3

Males with Jacob syndrome have ___ chromosomes.

Answer 3

XYY

Question 4

The ______ gene in the Y chromosome is responsible for making the SRY protein, which causes the development of _______.

Answer 4

SRY, testes

Question 5

_________ masculinizes the reproductive organs and the brain.

Answer 5

testosterone

Question 6

A ________ fetus has indifferent gonads, genital tubercle that can form either a clitoris or penis, and Wolffian and Mullerian ducts.

Answer 6

undifferentiated

Question 7

A fetus will develop into a female, unless ____________ occurs at 8 weeks of gestation.

Answer 7

testicular secretions

Question 8

If the fetus is a male, testosterone develops the _________ duct and masculinizes the genital tubercle. The anti-mullerian hormone causes regression of the mullerian system.

Answer 8

wolffian

Question 9

The _________ duct differentiates and develops the male organs while the ________ duct differentiates and develops the female organ.

Answer 9

Wolffian, Mullerian

Question 10

Mullerian derivates are ______ reproductive organs. As long as there is no male sex hormone, the Mullerian duct will develop into a __________.

Answer 10

female, uterus

Question 11

Wolffian derivates are _______ reproductive organs. ___________ will cause development of testes.

Answer 11

male, testosterone

Question 12

If a female fetus does not have _________, the Mullerian duct cannot develop.

Answer 12

testosterone

Question 13

By about ___ weeks, the sex of the fetus is clear.

Answer 13

15-16

Question 14

Sexual dimorphism occurs when there is a sexually dimorphic nucleus of the ___________ area.

Answer 14

preoptic

Question 15

Males have a __________ medial POA with ________ neurons than females.

Answer 15

larger, more

Question 16

Testosterone inhibits apoptosis, programmed cell death, during the neural development

Answer 16

organizational effect

Question 17

Female rodents have __________ AVPV with more neurons than males.

Answer 17

larger

Question 18

In humans, the INAH-3 is an analog of rodent ______.

Answer 18

SDN

Question 19

The size of the INAH-3 is _________ in men than both homosexual men and women.

Answer 19

larger

Question 20

Hormones from the fetal testes _________ the body and brain in nonhuman mammals.

Answer 20

masculinize

Question 20

The number of neurons of the INAH-3 is the same for males and homosexual males, but _________ than in females.

Answer 20

greater

Question 21

The fetal ovaries do not secrete ________, so the body develops in a feminine fashion, as does the brain.

Answer 21

androgens

Question 22

Early exposure to the androgen testosterone ___________ sexual behavior in both male and female rodents.

Answer 22

masculinizes

Question 23

In rats, when testosterone is blocked during brain development, the rat will exhibit ________ behavior (lordosis).

Answer 23

female

Question 24

In rats, when testosterone is injected during brain development, the rat will exhibit _______ behavior (mounting).

Answer 24

male

Question 25

In XY chromosome carriers, mutations in the gene 5-alpha reductase converts tesoserone to ____.

Answer 25

DHT

Question 26

__________ causes low levels of potent DHT, causing partially masculinized genitalia at exterior tissues.

Answer 26

5-alpha reductase deficiency

Question 27

___________ occurs when mutations in the androgen receptor gene makes cells unable to respond to testosterone. The XY individual will develop female _________ genitalia, but do not have a uterus or ovaries and have undescended testes.

Answer 27

AIS (androgen insensitivity syndrome), external

Question 28

In XX chromosome carriers, CAH (congenital adrenal hyperplasia) causes the adrenal glands to produce abnormally high amounts of _________, leading to an intersex appearance in a newborn.

Answer 28

androgens

Question 29

According to the 23andme survey results, sexual orientations does not appear to be a binary _________.

Answer 29

phenotype

Question 30

Homosexuality is a _________ phenotype.

Answer 30

natural

Question 31

There appears to be a __________ affect of homosexuality; later born sons to the same mother have increased probability of homosexuality.

Answer 31

fraternal birth order

Question 32

Pregnant women may have progressive __________ response to the male-linked protein during gestation of male, but not female, embryos.

Answer 32

immune

Question 33

Sexual orientation is heavily influenced by __________ biological events.

Answer 33

prenatal