PSYC 210 - Hormones & Sex

Question 1

Most hormones are produced by ________ glands and circulated in the bloodstream to other parts of the body.

Answer 1

endocrine

Question 2

Production of hormones often involves a ___________; ensures that hormone levels remain within a specific range.

Answer 2

negative feedback control

Question 3

________ hormones are small protein molecules such as ACTH, FSH, LH, vasopressin, and oxytocin.

Answer 3

peptide

Question 4

Peptides are made from linking __________.

Answer 4

amino acids

Question 5

______ hormones consist of modified versions of a single amino acid.

Answer 5

amine (monoamine)

Question 6

_______ hormones are derived from cholesterol, such as testosterone, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.

Answer 6

steroid

Question 7

_________ hormones must bind with respective receptors to produce their function.

Answer 7

steroid

Question 8

During reproductive signaling in females, feedback control mechanisms regulate hormone secretion in the ________. Hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells produce releasing hormones to promote secretion of ____________ hormones in the pituitary gland. LH and FSH act on the _________.

Answer 8

HPG axis, tropic, gonad

Question 10

During reproductive signaling in males, _______ stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release to release LH and FSH. ______ stimulates the testes to produce testosterone, and _______ will then stimulate the testes to produce sperm.

Answer 10

GnRH, LH, FSH

Question 11

Testosterone promotes __________ sex characteristics and sexual _________ after puberty.

Answer 11

secondary, behavior

Question 12

testosterone promotes sexual behavior

Answer 12

activational effect

Question 13

Athletic and intellectual winning increases _________ levels.

Answer 13

testosterone

Question 14

The negative feedback control system in males causes testosterone to inhibit the ________ and pituitary _____ and _____.

Answer 14

GnRH, LH, FSH

Question 15

During the follicular phase, _____ stimulates the ovaries to mature an egg and secrete estrogen.

Answer 15

FSH

Question 16

During the follicular phase, estrogen stimulates the release of ____, which causes the ovaries to release an egg (ovulation) and secrete progesterone.

Answer 16

LH

Question 17

During the luteal phase, ____ stimulates the ovaries to release progesterone. The corpus luteum then causes a 2nd ______ rise. High estrogen inhibits _______ and progesterone inhibits ___.

Answer 17

LH, estrogen, FSH, LH

Question 18

Birth control pills keep low ____ levels to prevent ovulation.

Answer 18

LH

Question 19

Menopause occurs when eggs run out and ______ stays high.

Answer 19

FSH

Question 20

During positive feedback control, GnRH stimulates the release of _____ and _____.

Answer 20

FSH, LH

Question 21

During positive feedback control, FSH stimulates the ovary to produce ________ and ______ maturation. High estrogen and LH stimulates the ovary to produce __________ and ovulation.

Answer 21

estrogens, egg, progesterone,

Question 22

Estrogen promotes _________ sex characteristics.

Answer 22

secondary

Question 23

________ prepares the uterus for implantation of fertilized egg and the breasts for milk secretion.

Answer 23

progesterone

Question 24

During negative feedback control, estrogen inhibits _____ and pituitary ______. Progesterone _______ and pituitary _____.

Answer 24

GnRH, FSH, GnRH, LH

Question 25

In rodents, ________ are essential for activating mating behaviors.

Answer 25

sex hormones

Question 26

In male rats, _________ is needed to show interest and performance intromission and ejaculation.

Answer 26

testosterone

Question 27

In female rats, _________ facilitates proceptive behaviors and _________ increases proceptive behaviors and activates receptivity.

Answer 27

estrogen, progesterone

Question 28

The menstrual cycle of female primates does not require hormones for sex, but prefer sex during ________.

Answer 28

ovulation

Question 29

In women, sex hormones are not required, and menstrual status does not affect ________.

Answer 29

sexual drive

Question 30

Males require _________ to have sexual desire and performance.

Answer 30

testosterone

Question 31

_________ is defined by the absence of menses for 1 year.

Answer 31

menopause

Question 32

What is the average age of menopause?

Answer 32

51

Question 33

__________ therapy and other non-hormonal treatments can be used to treat menopausal symptoms.

Answer 33

hormone replacement

Question 34

__________, or late-onset hypogonadism, occurs in aging men with decline in their testosterone levels.

Answer 34

andropause