Psych 490 FINAL Flashcards

Question

What are the differences in language/control?

Answer 1

• More directive with children than mothers – During clean‐up tasks more likely to use direct requests rather than encouragement “pick up the blocks”, vs.“why don’t we pick up the blocks” • Greater language demands on the child by engaging in more: – directives – Requests for clarification – “wh‐” questions – References to past events – Differences in languag

Answer 2

• Greater maternal supportiveness was associated with greater academic competence and social competence in K and FirstGrade • Paternal supportiveness was associated with greater social competence in K • Sig M x F supportiveness predicting: – Academic & social competence in K & First Grade

Answer 3

– The association between fathers supportiveness and children’s social competence decreases as maternal supportiveness increase

Answer 4

– The association between fathers supportiveness and children’s academic competence decreases as maternal supportiveness increase

Answer 5

Fathers behavior was a predictor of children’s positive responses during disappointment task (Mother was not) – Greater F positiveAffect more positive response – Greater F control lower positive respons

Answer 6

• M & F behavior predicted children’s negative responses – Greater positive affect less negative response • Greater M control more tensio

Answer 7

• Most children in US grow up with at least one brother or sister (In U.S. 2 kids per family) • Companionship – Spend more time with siblings than with parents in the early and middle childhood years • Sibling relationship is an important socialization context – Learn skills for conflict resolution – Practice how to regulate behavior and emotion within a relationship that is less hierarchica

Answer 8

* Most children in US grow up with at least one brother or sister (In U.S. 2 kids per family) * Sibling relationship is an important socialization context * Tends to be the longest lasting relationship of an individual’s life – particularly with sister

Answer 9

• Companionship – Spend more time with siblings than with parents in the early and middle childhood years • Good quality relationships = greater social competence • Learn appropriate behavior and how to manage conflict – 2‐4 year olds: 7.65 conflicts / hour • Protects children from consequences of negative life event

Answer 10

* Accepts sibling as playmate, have mutual interests, have fun engaging together * Gets ideas for things they can do together * Treats sibling as a good friend * Shares secrets with siblin

Answer 11

• Sometimes referred to as cohesion • Wants sibling to succeed • Show sympathy when things are hard for sibling • Is concerned for siblings welfare and happiness • Tries to comfort sibling when s/he is unhappy or upset

Answer 12

* Teaches sibling new skills, helps them during difficult situations * Gives directions * Helps sibling adjust to a new situation * Baby sits and cares for sibling * Tries to teach sibling how to behave and learn how to interact in new situation

Answer 13

* Tattles on sibling * Is jealous of sibling * Is nosy and has to know everything about sibling * Is very competitive with sibling * Frequently has to do with rivalry over parents affection or time

Answer 14

* Teases or annoys sibling * Gets angry with sibling * Hurts siblings feelings * Has physical fights with siblin Type and intensity matters

Answer 15

* Is embarrassed to be with sibling in public * Stays away from sibling if possible * Acts ashamed of sibling * Frowns or pouts when sibling has to be with him/her

Answer 16

* Shifts between positive and negative affect and behavior (Kramer, 2010) * Frequent and rapid shifts from conflict, arguing, teasing into affection, laughter, and cooperation

Answer 17

* Children are more likely to have positive sibling relationships, when they have positive relationships with their parents. * Positive relationships are characterized by warmth, affection, positivity

Answer 18

• Marital dissatisfaction or marital conflict has been related to sibling conflict and negativity (spillover from the marital subsystem to the sibling relationship subsystem) • If siblings are able to maintain a positive relationships, in spite of marital conflict: – can be a source of support and protect children from the negative consequences of marital conflic

Answer 19

* Children who are highly active and more emotionally intense have more conflict in their sibling relationships than children who are less active and better able to regulate their emotions * There is less sibling conflict if both siblings are less active

Answer 20

• Sibling affection associated with higher levels of prosocial behavior and lower externalizing behavior problems • SiblingConflict and Hostility associated with greater internalizing behavior problems/depression, and risky behavior • Some sibling caregiving is associated with higher language reading scores • Balance of positive characteristics and conflict has been linked with younger siblings being more socially skilled and better peer relationship

Answer 21

• Treating siblings within the same family differently • Social norms to treat siblings similarly • Can occur across different domains: – Closeness – warmth – Control – Discipline • Studies generally find that 1/3 to 2/3 of parenting favor one of their child in at least one domai

Answer 22

Treating siblings differently may be an indicator of sensitive/responsive parenting – Siblings are different ages – Temperamental differences – Developmental Disorders/Learning disabilitie

Answer 23

• Similar prevalence of differential treatment from childhood into adulthood • Adult children generally reportthat their parents favor one of the siblings • In one study 66% of children correctly reported that there was differential treatment in their family: – Only 44% were accurate about which child was favored (when compared to parent report)

Answer 24

• Responding to differences in the children • More likely to occur in times of stress: – Marital conflict – Serious health problems • Youngest children often receives more parental affection • In stepfamilies – parents tend to favor biological childre

Answer 25

• Both maternal and paternal differential treatment has been linked to children’s outcomes • Differential treatment associated with more negativity in sibling relationships – Less likely if the children perceive that the differential treatment is necessary. • Least‐favored children (less warmth, more control) higher levels of aggression, depression, and externalizing problems • Few studies show that favored children have better outcomes, though generally it appears PDT in a family has negative consequences for all the children in the famil

Answer 26

• Spillover (i.e., carryover model) that friend and sibling relationships are similar • Compensatory Model – a good relationship in one domain can make‐up for a negative relationship in anothe

Answer 27

* Same‐sex friendships less significantly less conflict and greater warmth than sibling relationships * Women report more conflict than men with sibling

Answer 28

* Sibling intimacy was high when maternal acceptance was high * Lower levels of F marital love linked with INCREASED in sibling intimacy (may suggest compensation

Answer 29

• Differential EnjoymentGroups: – Not associated with marital or sibling relationship – Not associated with OS internalizing and externalizing • Differential Favoritism – Greater Marital Love reported for equal treatment group (than group where OS favored by one parent and the other favored both equally) – No differences in OS behavior problem

Answer 30

• Differential Discipline – OS positive involvement with sib greater when F disciplined OS more and M disciplined equally – Greater rivalry by OS when both parents disciplined OS more – More marital conflict in families where M disciplined OS and F disciplined 2 sibs equall

Psych 490 FINAL Flashcards

(59 cards)