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Psych Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Prion Dz

A

Time: rapidly progresses over several months, death w/in 1 yr

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2
Q

Microlissencephaly

A

Cause: Zika virus, targeting progenitor cells

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3
Q

Delirium

A

*aka Acute Confusional State, Acute Brain Syndrome, Encephalopathy
ROS: disturbance in awareness and attention; physiological cause, plus cognitive disturbance
Onset: sudden w/ sx that fluctuate
Time: usually resolves w/in 3-7 days

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4
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

1 or more core psychotic domain symptom

Time: active phase > 1 mo, but total disturbance LESS THAN 6 mo

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5
Q

Alzheimer’s Dementia

A

ROS: significant memory impairment + 1 other cognitive domain, most common type of dementia
Onset: gradual w/ steadily progressive decline
Early: memory, anomia
Middle: agnosias, mood changes
Late: global aphasia, motor dysfunction, death
*cortical atrophy

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6
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

ROS: actives phase of schizophrenia occur concurrently w/ MDE or manic episode
Time: active phase >2 wks w/o mood sx
Subtypes: BP type (if mania), or depressive type (if depression but no mania)

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7
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

A

*Cluster B
ROS: pervasive disregard for others rights - unlawful acts, deceitfulness, aggressiveness, lack of remorse
Time: must be 18+ for dx w/ evidence of Conduct Disorder before age 15

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8
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster B
ROS: excessive emotionality - must be center of attention, exaggerated emotions, provocative behavior, rapidly shifting emotions

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9
Q

PTSD

A

Symptoms: intrusions, avoidance, negative cognition/mood, altered arousal/reactivity
Features: traumatic stressor exposure may include direct experience of event, witnessing or learning about event to close fam member/friend
Onset: usually w/ in 3mo of trauma
Time: lasts > 1mo

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10
Q

Focal Cortical Dysplasia

A

Abnml lamination and failure to mature or apoptosis fails, etc., elevated risk of intellectual disability and FDC-associated focal epilepsy
*cognitive deficits are present in FCD at group level but may vary individually

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11
Q

Pseudodementia

A

*aka Dementia Syndrome of Depression

ROS: MDD pt often show memory and other cognitive disturbances resembling dementia

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12
Q

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder

A

Severe temper outbursts; sad/angry mood daily, rxn is disproportionate to sitch
Onset: pt must be @ least 6yo and sx must begin before age 10
Time: 3X per wk

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13
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

ROS: fakes/induces sx in absence of “external” reward, inconsistent PMH, histrionic presentation of HPI
Subtypes: on self, on others (by proxy)

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14
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster C
ROS: inferiority complex - avoids activities for fear of criticism, unwilling to start relationships unless certain of being liked, negative self image, DOES want relationships

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15
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

*aka Functional Neurological Syndrome
ROS: altered voluntary motor or sensory function, evidence of incompatibility btwn sx and neuro conditions
Time: sudden onset after traumatic stressor, short duration w/o recurrence

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16
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster B
ROS: grandios - sense of self-importance, preoccupied w/ success, require admiration, sense of entitlement, lacks empathy with haughty attitude

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17
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

ROS: preoccupation w/ having/acquiring a serious illness, no physical c/o but nonetheless worries about their health
Time: >6 months

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18
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A

*Cluster C
ROS: inflexible perfectionism and control - preoccupation w/ details, perfectionism interferes w/ task completion, rigid/stubborn, over conscientious, “type A” personality, hoarding

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19
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Unexpected/recurrent panic attacks (intense fear w/ somatic or cognitive symptoms)
Time: > 6 months w/ at least 1 month of panic attacks

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20
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

A

Experiences 1 or > MDE and no h/o mania/hypomania, must have 2 wks of 5 or > SIGECAPS sx’s (1 req to be depressed mood OR anhedonia)
Time: persists for 6-12 months
Subtypes: melancholic, atypical, psychotic, anxious, peripartum, seasonal

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21
Q

OCD

A 
Recurrent obsessions (intrusive thoughts/urges/images that increase distress), and compulsions (repetitive behaviors/mental acts that are performed to decrease distress)
Subtype: "absent insight"
Tx: SSRI, psychotherapy, deep brain stimulation
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22
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Persistent uncontrolled anxiety about multiple events

Time: > 6 months

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23
Q

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)

A

ROS: tachycardia, HTN, tachypnea, fever, extreme rigidity, delirium, death
Onset: w/in first 2 wks of starting med or increasing dose (of anti-psychotic dec DA levels)

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24
Q

Specific Learning Disability: w/ Reading Impairment

A

Thickening of left fusiform gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, rightward plenum temporale lateralization found to contribute to loss of integrity in reading networks

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25
Hoarding
distress about discarding items, hoarding causes significant functional impairment Subtype: "absent insight"
26
Somatic Symptom Disorder
ROS: 1 or more distressing/disruptive somatic symptom + abnml or excessive behaviors/thoughts/feelings in response to the distressing somatic sx Time: > 6mo
27
Acute Stress Disorder
Exposure to traumatic stressor, PTSD-like symptoms that start an resolve w/in the first 30 days after trauma Time: lasts 3 days to 1mo post-trauma (< 1 month)
28
Heterotopia
Misplaced gray matter lining lateral ventricles, 6 layers of cortex preserved in the heterotopic nodule so molecular signaling still there to form the 6 layers
29
Agoraphobia
Fear of enclosed or open spaces, must have to do with fear of humiliation or inability to escape the embarrassment Time: > 6 months
30
Brief Psychotic Disorder
1 core psychotic symptom (delusion/hallucination/disorganized speech), pt returns to full function Time: LESS THAN 1 mo Subtypes: w/ or w/o marked stressor
31
Group I MCD
Malformations secondary to abnml neuronal and glial proliferation or apoptosis E.g. - microcephaly, macrocephaly
32
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
ROS: mood lability, irritability, dysphoria, anxiety, anhedonia, lethargy, appetite/sleep change Time: present wk before and improve few days after menstruation *Symptoms must cause significant distress
33
Schizophrenia
2 or more psychotic domain symptoms and 1 must be core symptom (1, 2, or 3) *prodromal phase, active phase, residual phase Onset: typical is late teens, late is >40yo Time: active phase > 1 mo, signs of disturbance (prodromal, active, residual) > 6 mo
34
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Preoccupation w/ a perceived flaw in physical appearance (flaw is minimal/non-observable) ROS: repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to appearance concerns, must cause functional impairment Subtypes: "absent insight", "muscle dysphoria"
35
Huntington's Dz
ROS: dementia dev AFTER choreathetosis and psych sx's Time: motor/psych precede dementia
36
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
* Either or both: - Depersonalization: experiences of unreality, detachment or being an outside observer w/ respect to ones thoughts, feelings, sensations, body or actions - Derealization: experiences of unreality or detachment w/ respect to surroundings (e.g. objects seem unreal/dreamlike) * Reality testing remains intact
37
Delusional Disorder
ROS: presence of delusion "believed w/ certainty"; no other psychotic domain sx and no impairment in functioning aside from direct impact of delusion Time: > 1 month Subtypes: persecutory, grandiose, erotomanic, jealous, somatic (bizarre vs. non-bizarre content)
38
Adjustment Disorder
Emotional/behavioral symptoms due to any life stressor w/ acute onset (w/in 3 months), brief duration (lasts < 6 months) Subtypes: w/ anxiety, w/ depressed mood, w/ misconduct *stressor req for dx
39
Bipolar I (manic-depression)
Manic episode: abnormally elevated mood w/ increased energy and at least 3 sx of DIG FAST (Distractibility, Irresponsibility, Grandiosity, Flight of ideas, 👆🏽Activity, 👇🏽Sleep need, Talkativeness) Time: @ least 1 week of mania (usually lasts ~3mo) *mania causes MARKED impairment in functioning
40
Malingering
ROS: fakes/induces physical or psychological sx for "external" reward Subtype: on self, on others (by proxy)
41
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
Modest decline in @ least 1 cognitive domain; doesn't interfere w/ independence
42
Vascular Dementia
ROS: caused by multiple infarcts caused by CVD, HA/sz, focal neuro sx Onset: sudden w/ STEPWISE progression
43
SIGECAPS
``` Sleep change Interest loss Guilt Energy probs Concentration probs Appetite change Psychomotor change Suicidal ideation ```
44
Lewy Body Dementia
ROS: fluctuating cognition and alertness, visual hallucinations, mild parkinsonism; REM-sleep disorder often prodromal sx Time: dementia develops w/in 12mo of parkinsonian signs
45
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Disruption of identity w/ 2 or more distinct personality states (host and alter) ROS: frequent memory gaps in host while and alter takes control, amnesia along w/ mistaken identity
46
Excoriation Disorder
Recurrent skin picking, attempts to stop, not other disorder ROS: significant distress/impairment, social avoidance, med complications Time: >1 hour/day
47
Predictors of good outcome in Schizophrenia pt
Older age of onset, rapid onset, positive sx, mood sx present, female pt
48
Schizotypal Personality Disorder
*Cluster A ROS: eccentric - social and interpersonal deficits, acute discomfort for close relationships, odd speech/thinking, paranormal beliefs, odd appearance, unusual perceptions
49
Group III MCD
Malformations secondary to abnml postmigratinoal development | E.g. - polymicrogyria, focal cortical dysphasia
50
Psychotic domain symptoms
``` 1 - delusions 2 - hallucinations 3 - disorganized speech 4 - disorganized behavior 5 - negative symptoms (abolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality) ```
51
Trichotillomania
Recurrent hair pulling that usually occurs during sedentary activities Tx: urge distraction ("finger toys")
52
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Even visually subtle MCDs may play an important etiological role
53
Persistent Depressive Disorder
Chronic depressed mood w/ 2 or more sx ROS: poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomina, low energy, low self-esteem, trouble concentrating, hopelessness Time: 2 or more yrs
54
Specific Phobia
Excessive, persistent, disproportional fear of an object or situation Time: > 6 months
55
Bipolar II
At least 1 MDE w/ hypomanic episode (doesnt cause impaired functioning like mania does, mood change must be uncharacteristic) ROS: depressive phase is most disruptive Time: hypomania for >4 days
56
Anterograde Amnesia
*anterograde can only be physiologic ROS: problems encoding STM into LTM, in prominent anterograde amnesia - pt may "confabulation" when their memory fails, STM intact
57
Dependent Personality Disorder
*Cluster C | ROS: excessive need to be cared for - indecisive, feels helpless alone, difficulty disagreeing,
58
Gray and white matter blurring (GWB)
Strong relationship btwn GWB on MRI and decreased general cognitive abilities in FCD pt's
59
Dissociative Amnesia
Memory loss for autobiographical info which doesn't occur due to another disorder ROS: if physiological there is anterograde amnesia, dissociative only has retrograde Amnesia types: localized, selective, generalized Subtypes: dissociative "fugue" *psych amnesia pt's CAN learn new info well
60
Major Neurocognitive Disorder
Significant decline in @ least 1 cognitive domain; interferes w/ independence
61
Social Anxiety Disorder
Excessive, persistent and unrealistic fear of social situations involving possible scrutiny by others due to fear of negative evaluation Time: > 6 months
62
Parkinson's Dz Dementia
Time: > 1 year after well-established parkinsonism | *subcortical
63
Retrograde Amnesia
*psychogenic is always retrograde ROS: problems retrieving LTM, intact STM, in short duration subtype - temporal gradient often characterizes the amnesia w/ recent LTMs more impaired than remote LTMs
64
Schizoid Personality Disorder
*Cluster A ROS: interpersonal detachment - lack of desire for close relationships, prefer solitary activities, emotionless, coldness *movie theater dude from SG
65
Frontotemporal Dementia (Pick's Dz)
ROS: similar to AD w/ "frontal" sx's; hypersexual behavior, disinhibition, personality change Mechanism: frontal lobe atrophy and hypermetabolism
66
Cyclothymic Disorder
Similar to BP1 but mood shifts are not as extreme (basically moderate BP1), pt experiences periods of hypomania that fluctuate w/ periods of depression Time: > 2 years
67
Paranoid Personality Disorder
*Cluster A ROS: distrust/suspiciousness, suspicion that others are being exploitative or deceptive (paranoid thought is merely "suspected")
68
Borderline Personality Disorder
*Cluster B ROS: instability - unstable relationships, uncontrolled anger, reactivity of mood, chronic emptiness feelings, unstable self-image, self-mutilation/SI, transient stress-related dissociative/paranoid sx
69
Group II MCD
Malformations due to abnml neuronal migration | E.g. - heterotopias

Behavioral (11 decks)

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