Psychiatry Flashcards
(93 cards)
1
Q
Anxi/o
A
uneasy, distressed
2
Q
Hypn/o
A
sleep
3
Q
Iatr/o
A
treatment
4
Q
Ment/o
A
mind
5
Q
Phren/o
Psych/o
A
mind
6
Q
Schiz/o
A
split
7
Q
Somat/o
A
body
8
Q
-genic
A
produced by
9
Q
-leptic
A
to seize hold of
10
Q
-mania
A
obsessive preoccupation
11
Q
-phobia
A
fear
12
Q
-phoria
A
feeling
13
Q
-thymia
A
mind
14
Q
A-
an-
A
no, not
15
Q
Cata-
A
down
16
Q
Hypo-
A
deficient, less than, below
17
Q
Para-
A
abnormal
18
Q
Affect
A
external expression of emotion
19
Q
Amnesia
A
loss of memory
20
Q
Apathy
A
absence of emotions
21
Q
Compulsion
A
uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly
22
Q
Conversion
A
anxiety becomes a bodily symptom that has no physical basis
23
Q
Fugue
A
flight from customary surroundings, dissociative disorder
24
Q
Delirium
A
confused thinking, disorientation, changes in alertness, difficulty paying attention, fearfulness. Usually reversible
25
Delusion
fixed false belief that cannot be changed by logical thinking
26
Dementia
loss of intellectual abilities w/ impairment of memory, judgement, and reasoning
27
Labile
unstable, undergoing rapid emotional change
28
Paranoia
overly suspicious thinking w/ fixed delusions of being harrassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated
29
Psychosis
a disorder marked by loss of contact w/ reality, often associated w/ delusions and hallucinations
30
Psychiatrist
Medical doctor, able to prescribe medications. Oversees diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric patients.
31
Psychologist
Advanced degree but not a medical doctor, often w/ extensive training in research. Treat patients w/ psychotherapy. May aid in evaluation of disorders.
32
Psychotic disorder characterized by gross distortion of reality, disturbances of language & communication, withdrawal from social interaction, disorganization & fragmentation of thought, perception, and emotional reaction. Prevalence in men=women, mostly from 18-25 yo. 50% mz concordance. Unknown causes, although genetic factors are implicated.
Schizophrenia
33
Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Delusion (false beliefs)
- Hallucination (false perception, usually auditory, "voices" commenting on patient's behavior)
- Thought disorder (disorganized thinking manifested in non-goal-directed speech)
- Bizarre behavior (silliness, agitation, inappropriate appearance/conduct, poor hygiene, catatonic behavior, rigid posture)
34
Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia
- Flat affect
- Loose thought associations
- Anhedonia (diminished capacity to experience pleasure)
- Social withdrawal
- Loss of ego boundaries (inability to perceive self as a separate individual)
- Concrete thinking (inability to abstract)
35
Schizophrenic subtype in which patient is mute & does not move or react to external stimuli
Catatonic Schizophrenia
36
Schizophrenic subtype in which patient exhibits disorganized speech and bizarre behavior
Disorganized Schizophrenia
37
Schizophrenic subtype in which patient exhibits prominent delusions of grandeur or persecution and auditory hallucinations
Paranoid Schizophrenia
38
Treatment of Schizophrenia & its posible side effects
- Antipsychotic medications are the treatment of choice, positive symptoms improve quickly but negative symptoms improve slowly.
- Side effects include sedation, dystonia, tremor, increased prolactin level, weight gain, akathisia (motor restlessness), tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
39
Disorders characterized by an unpleasant emotional state. Behavioral & psychological changes often accompany these disorders; fatigue & sleep disturbance are very common. Lack of a daily structure is commonly a contributing factor (ex. Sunday neurosis; inability to cope in an unstructured environment). Cause is generally unknown, although hyperthyroidism, drug usage (corticosteroids, cocaine, amphetamines), and mood disorders such as major depression have been associated.
Anxiety disorder
40
A short-lived, recurrent, unpredictable, intense anxiety disorder associated w/ psychological manifestations
Panic disorder
41
Fear of open, crowded, or public places. A common panic disorder.
Agoraphobia
42
Signs/symptoms of an anxiety disorder (diagnosis based on the presence of at least 3-4 of these for 6 mos or greater)
- Motor tension (shakiness, jumpiness, trembling)
- Inability to relax
- Autonomic hyperactivity (sweating, palpitation, dry mouth, dizziness, hot/cold spells, frequent micturition, diarrhea)
- Apprehensive expectation (worry, anticipation of personal misfortune)
- Vigilance & scanning (distractibility, poor concentration, insomnia, edginess)
43
Management of Anxiety disorders
- Behavioral therapy (helps provide a more structured environment for mild condition)
- Anxiolytic medications (Benzodiazepines are the drug of choice, sometimes antidepressants as well)
- For panic attacks SSRIs are the initial drug of choice, sublingual doses of lorazepam or alprazolam for urgent treatment
44
The most common psychiatric disorder
Depressive disorder
45
Depressive disorder associated w/ adverse life situation such as death of a loved one or any family/financial crisis
Adjustment disorder w/ a depressed mood
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Depressive disorder characterized by at least one episode of serious mood depression occurring at any time of life
Major depressive disorder
47
Depressive disorder w/ symptoms milder than in major depressive episodes but longer lasting w/ two or more episodes in 1 year
Dysthmia
48
Depressive disorder w/ a combination of depression and hypomania lasting for 2 years, resolving and recurring
Cyclothymia
49
Depressive disorder associated w/ some drug; alcohol dependence, reserpine, corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, methyldopa, digitalis, beta blockers, sedatives etc.
Depression secondary to substance abuse
50
Causes of depressive disorders
- Unknown
- Adverse life changes
- Divorce
- Financial & family crises
- Illness
- Drug/substance abuse
- Postpartum, premenstural, postmenopausal in women
51
Signs/symptoms of Depressive disorders
- Anhedonia (withdrawal from activities, loss of sexual desire)
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, melancholia
- Inability to concentrate, cognitive impairment
- Anxiety, fatigue, insomnia or hypersomnia
- Somatic complaints; anorexia, constipation
- Suicidal ideation
- Psychotic ideations (paranoid thinking & somatic delusions)
52
Management of depressive disorders
- Hospitalization for patients w/ suicidal ideation
- Antidepressants
- Electroconvulsive therapy
53
Disorder characterized by one or more manic episodes alternating w/ depressive episodes
Bipolar I Disorder
54
Inflated self esteem, feelings of grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, racing thoughts, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that may have negative consequences
Mania
55
Disorder characterized by one or more hypomanic episodes alternating w/ major depressive episodes
Bipolar II Disorder
56
Hypomania vs Mania
In hypomania; self esteem may be inflated but not as much as mania, mental overactivity but more organized thoughts than mania (thoughts are quick, creative & productive as opposed to aimless overactivity). Speech can be loud & rapid but easier to interrupt than manic speech. Psychosocial functioning may be improved or just mildly impaired. Risk taking behavior is mild to moderate as opposed to severe.
57
A group of disorders that manifest as maladaptive, rigid, and damaging to personal work and interpersonal relationships. May occur as a response to stress or as a way of dealing w/ other people.
Personality disorder
58
Cluster A Personality disorders
- Schizoid personality
- Schizotypal personality
- Paranoid personality
59
A person who is functioning but shy, introverted, socially isolated, lonely, emotionally cold, afraid of closeness & intimacy, oversensitive & a daydreamer.
Schizoid personality
60
A person who is socially isolated, emotionally detached, has ideas of reference or paranoid ideation, claims to use magical thinking, clairvoyance, and telepathy.
Schizotypal personality
61
An extremely suspicious and distrustful person who blames others for his/her mistakes and goes to great lengths to find hostility, prejudice, and malevolence in other people's innocent actions
Paranoid personality
62
Cluster B Personality Disorders
- Borderline personality
- Antisocial personality
- Narcissistic personality
- Histrionic personality
63
The most common of personality disorders, which affects mostly women who are unstable in their self-image, interpersonal relationships and mood. The person feels empty, angry, and entitled to seek care
Borderline personality
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Previously called psychopathic or sociopathic. The person disregards the feelings and rights of others and exploits others for materialistic gain.
Antisocial personality
65
A self-centered, self-absorbed individual w/ grandiose ideation, who constantly needs admiration and is sensitive to criticism, failure, or defeat
Narcissistic personality
66
A very dramatic attention seeker, with exaggerated emotions and childish, superficial behavior usually evoking sympathetic or erotic attention in others
Histrionic personality
67
Cluster C Personality Disorders
- Dependent personality
- Avoidant personality
- Obsessive-compulsive personality
68
An insecure person who lacks self-confidence, is unable to make decisions, and depends on others
Dependent personality
69
A person hypersensitive to rejection, who suffers from social phobias; unlike a schizoid person they are openly distressed by isolation.
Avoidant personality
70
A perfectionist who is self-centered, rigid in thought patterns, and needs to control things. These feelings considerably affect his or her occupational, social, or interpersonal functioning.
Obsessive-compulsive personality
71
A refusal to eat adequately resulting from a distorted body image. May produce profound weight loss, amenorrhea, and emotional disturbances. They're intensely fearful of becoming obese. Occurs primarily in adolescents, mostly in girls of middle & upper socioeconomic levels.
Anorexia nervosa
72
Causes of Anorexia Nervosa
- Unknown (generally psychiatric origin)
- Achievement oriented family members w/ high goals
- Destructive interpersonal relationships
- Excessive family concerns in dietary matters
73
Signs/symptoms of Anorexia nervosa
- Emaciation
- Cold intolerance
- Constipation
- Amenorrhea
- Bradycardia
- Hypotension
- Hypothermia
- Dry/scaly skin
- Increased lanugo body hair
- Parotid enlargement
- Edema
74
Diagnosis of Anorexia nervosa
- History & physical exam
- Decreased luteinizing hormone & follicle stimulating hormone
- Anemia
- Leukopenia
- Increased levels of blood urea nitrogen & serum creatinine
- Electrolyte abnormalities
75
Management of Anorexia nervosa
- Structural behavioral therapy
- Intensive psychotherapy
- Family therapy
- Medications
- Parenteral feeding may be necessary
76
Recurrent episodes of binge eating resulting from a loss of control over eating; patient then engages in self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives and/or diuretics, fasting and excessive exercise.
Bulimia nervosa
77
Causes of bulimia nervosa
-Psychosocia, possibly stress related
78
Signs/symptoms of bulimia nervosa
- Binge eating
- Fluctuating body weight
- Self-induced vomiting
- Excessive use of diuretics & cathartics
- Strict dieting and/or vigorous exercise
- Impulsive antisocial behavior
- Gastric dilation
- Pancreatitis
- Poor dentition
- Infection of the pharynx/esophagus
- Aspirations
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Dehydration
79
Diagnosis of bulimia nervosa
- Two uncontrolled episodes of binge eating in 1 week for at least 3 months
- Pt's marked concern about weight gain
- Wide fluctuation of body weight
- Excessive use of laxative
- Unexplained hypokalemia
- Swollen parotid gland
- Scars on knuckle of the hand
- Dental erosions
80
Management of bulimia nervosa
- Supportive care
- Psychotherapy (individual, group, family)
- Antidepressants
- Worse prognosis when bulimia is associated w/ anorexia nervosa
81
Acute onset fluctuating course of altered state of awareness and consciousness. May be accompanied by hallucinations, illusions, delusions, emotional lability, paranoia, alteration in sleep cycle, psychomotor changes. May be reversible if treating the underlying condition. May be related to external toxin, medications, metabolic abnormality, CNS abnormality, change in pt's usual routine. High risk groups include elderly pt's w/ medical illnesses, post CABG, pt's w/ brain damage, burn patients, HIV patients. Commonly >65yo.
Delirium
82
Acquired, persistent impairment in mental function involving at least three of the folowing; memory, language, visuospatial skills, personality or mood, and cognition.
Dementia
83
Dementia vs. Delirium
Delirium has acute onset, dementia is hard to tell exactly when it occurred, slow downhill course. Primary distinguishing feature is the retention and stability of alertness in demented patient.
84
The most common cortical dementia, can affect 20% of pts >80 yo.
Alzheimer's disease
85
Dementia w/ gait disturbances; post-stroke, normal pressure hydrocephalus, Huntington's & parkinson's diseases.
Subcortical dementia
86
Dementia seen in pt's w/ HIV, MS, ALS, B12 deficiency, hypothyroidism, Wilson's disease
HIV-related dementia
87
Group of disorders including fugue, amnesia, somnambulism, multiple personality etc. The reaction is precipitated by emotional crisis; symptoms produce anxiety reduction and temporary solution of the crisis. Mechanisms include repression and isolation. Condition similar to symptoms seen in temporal lobe dysfunction.
Dissociative disorders
88
Sudden, unexpected travel away from one's home w/ inability to recall one's past.
Fugue state
89
Disorders in which the physical symptoms suggest a medical condition, yet the symptoms are also not fully explained by a medical condition, substance abuse, or by another mental disorder. Symptoms are severe enough to cause significant distress or impaired social, occupational, or other functioning. Symptoms are NOT intentionally produced (vs factitious disorders or malingering).
Somatoform disorders
90
Disorder characterized by many somatic symptoms that cannot be explained adequately on the basis of physical and lab findings. Usually begins before age 30. Distinguished by a combination of chronic symptoms; pain, GI, sexual, and pseudoneurological. Associated w/ significant psychological distress, impairment in social and occupational functioning. Excessive medical help-seeking behavior. Early name was "hysteria' condition, incorrectly thought to affect only women.
Somatization disorders (Briquet's Syndrome)
91
Somatization disorder vs. Somatoform disorder
Somatization disorders have a multiplicity of complaints & multiple organ systems affected.
92
Disorder characterized by the presence of one or more neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by a known neurological or medical disorder. Requires that psychological factors be associated w/ the initiation or exacerbation of the symptoms.
Conversion disorder
93
Disorder in which a person has a preoccupation with the fear of contracting or the belief of having a serious disease. The fear or belief arises when a person misinterprets bodily symptoms or functions. Preoccupation results in significant distress, and impairs the ability to function in personal, social, and occupational roles.
Hypochondriasis (hypochondrium = below the ribs, common abdominal complaints)
