Psychopathology- Year 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the four ways of defining abnormality?
- Statistical infrequency.
- Deviation from social norms.
- Failure to function adequately.
- Deviation from ideal mental health.
What is statistical infrequency?
Defining abnormality in terms of statistics- number of times “normal” or “abnormal” behaviour is observed. Behaviour that is rarely seen is “abnormal”.
What is deviation from social norms?
Abnormality is based on social context- Person behaves in a way that is different to how they are expected to behave (abnormal).
What is failure to function adequately?
Inability to cope with everyday living- cannot deal with the demands with everyday life.
What are the three behavioural characteristics of phobias?
Panic, Avoidance, Endurance.
What is the emotional characteristic of phobias?
Anxiety.
What are the cognitive characteristics of phobias?
Selective attention to phobic stimulus, irrational beliefs, cognitive distortions.
What are the behavioural characteristics of depression?
Activity levels, Disruption to sleep and eating behaviour, Aggression and self harm.
What are the emotional characteristics of depression?
Lowered mood, Anger, Lowered self-esteem.
What are the cognitive characteristics of depression?
Poor concentration, Attending to and dwelling on the negative, Absolutist thinking.
What are the behavioural characteristics of OCD?
Compulsions, Avoidance.
What are the emotional characteristics of OCD?
Anxiety and Distress, Accompanying depression, Guilt and Disgust.
What are the cognitive characteristics of OCD?
Obsessive thoughts, excessive anxiety.
How does a phobia come about?
Through the two-process model.
What is the two process model?
Acquisition by classical conditioning, and maintenance by operant conditioning.
What is systematic desensitisation?
Behavioural therapy designed to gradually reduce phobic anxiety through principle of classical conditioning.
What are the three processes involved in systematic desensitisation?
- The anxiety hierarchy
- Relaxation
- Exposure.
What is flooding?
Involves exposing phobic patients to their phobic stimulus, without a gradual build-up in an anxiety hierarchy. Instead it involves immediate exposure to very frightening situation.
How does the behavioural approach go about treating phobias?
Through systematic desensitisation and flooding.
How does Beck think depression comes about cognitively?
- Faulty information processing.
- Negative self-schemas.
- The negative triad.
What is the negative triad?
a) Negative view of the world.
b) Negative view of the future.
c) Negative view of the self.
What model does Ellis use to explain depression?
The ABC model.
What is the ABC model?
A- Activating event
B- Beliefs
C- Consequences.
Expand on the ABC model
Activating event: Irrational thoughts triggered by external events. We ger depressed when we experience negative events.
Beliefs: Irrational beliefs identified. Belief that we must always achieve perfection “musterbation.
Consequences- Activating event triggers irrational belief that then have emotional and behavioural consequences like depression.
