Social Influence- Year 1 Flashcards
(40 cards)
What is conformity?
Change in a person’s behaviour or opinions as result of real/ imagined pressure from person or group.
What is internalisation?
Person accepts a group’s norms.
Results in public and private change of opinion.
Behaviour persists even in absence of group members.
What is identification?
Agreeing with some of group’s values.
Identify with them, therefore want to be part of group.
Public change of opinions even if privately do not agree.
What is compliance?
Do not actually agree, nut still conform.
Results in superficial change.
Behaviour and opinions stop when group pressure stops.
What is ISI?
Information social influence- Human need to be right.
What is NSI?
Normative social influence- Human need to be liked.
What was the procedure of Asch’s baseline study?
Sample consisted of 123 American males, unaware of the aim of the study.
Line judgement task-
Real participant always sat second to last. Each person told to say out loud which line was closest to target line.
What were the findings of Asch’s baseline study?
Real participants gave wrong answer 36.8% of the time.
75% conformed at least once.
What is the Asch effect?
Extent to which participants conform even when situation is unambiguous.
What are the three variations of Asch’s original study?
Unanimity
Task difficulty
Group size.
What is the unanimity variation of Asch’s study?
One confederate gave wrong answer to majority. Acted as social support.
Conformity was reduced by 25% to when answers were unanimous.
What is the task difficulty variation of Asch’s study?
The comparison lines were more similar in length. Correct answer less obvious.
Conformity increased as isi was playing the role.
What is the group size variation of Asch’s study?
The group size was increased slowly.
Conformity rose to 72%, additional people made little difference.
What were the aims of Zimbardo’s SPE?
Hoe people would conform to social roles of guards and prisoners.
What sampling did Zimbardo use?
Volunteer sampling.
What was the procedure of the SPE?
Participants randomly assigned role of either guard or prisoner. Both told to conform to their social roles.
Guards told to hand out punishments (physical not allowed) and control prisoners.
Prisoners referred to by number rather than names.
What were the findings of the SPE?
Both groups settled into roles quickly.
Within hours, guards harrassed prisoners and treated them harshly.
Prisoners rebelled after two days.
Guards enforced random headcounts as punishment for this.
Prisoners became depressed and obedient, some began snitching to guards,
One prisoner had a mental breakdown.
What were the conclusions of the SPE?
Social roles have a huge influence on individual’s identity #.
What are the 3 situational variables in Milgram’s Study?
Location.
Proximity.
Uniform.
How did the location variable affect obedience?
The baseline took place in Yale university where obedience was 65%.
The variation took place in a run down building and obedience dropped to 47.5%.
Suggesting that Yale university has legitimacy of authority.
How did the proximity variable affect obedience?
In the baseline, the teacher and the learner were in the same room.
In the proximity variation, they were in the same room, and obedience dropped to 40%.
How did the uniform variable affect obedience?
Baseline- experimenter wore grey lab coat.
Variation- experimenter was replaced by ordinary member of public.
Obedience dropped to 20%, suggesting uniform gives legitimacy of authority.
Who was Bickman?
investigated power of uniform in field experiment. 3 male actors hired to dress as a security guard, milkman, civilian.
What did Bickman conclude?
Security guard had the highest percentage of each task carried out by the public, civilians had lowest percentages.
Concluding uniform holds authority and power.
