Ptosis

Question 1

Pathology & description

Answer 1

Drooping of upper lid

• no other pathologies

Question 2

Signs

Answer 2

• can be unilateral or bilateral

• sudden onset or gradual

• low position of upper eyelid

Question 3

Symptoms

Answer 3

• usually none

• VA reduction if pupils covered

• eyestrain / eyebrow ache due to raising eyebrows

Question 4

Pathogenesis

Answer 4

• can be congenital or acquired

• defect in levator palpabrae or innervation

• hypotrophy of muscle, or trauma

• occurs in myasthenia glands

Question 5

Management required

Answer 5

• GP referral

• urgent if pupil covered

• if acute onset w no other symptoms, emergency to HES

• ptosis prop