Pulmonary Diseases and Rehabilitation Flashcards
(191 cards)
1
Q
Inflammation of cartilage in the sternum and 1st rib
A
Costochondritis
2
Q
Pulmonary Pain Pattern: (+) pain in the neck and anterior chest
A
Tracheobronchial Pain
3
Q
Normal AP-TV Ratio
A
1:2
4
Q
Costochondritis pain radiation
A
Ipsilateral towards back (neck > costal margin > scapula)
5
Q
Chest Deformity: (+) AP-TV 1:1 ratio
A
Barrel Chest
6
Q
Pulmonary Pain Pattern: (+) pain in the costal margin referred to the lumbar region
A
Peripheral Diaphragmatic Pain
7
Q
When does costochondritis pain aggravates?
A
Increase during Inspiration
8
Q
Chest Deformity: (+) Protruded sternum
A
Pectus Carinatum
9
Q
Pulmonary Pain Pattern: (+) pain in the ipsilateral shoulder and upper trapezius
A
Central Diaphragmatic Pain
10
Q
Chest Deformity: (+) Depressed sternum
A
Pectus Excavatum
11
Q
Chest Symmetry landmark to assess upper lobe expansion
A
Angle of Louis
12
Q
Changes that indicates a (R) CHF or Cor Pulmonale
A
Jugular Vein Distention and Peripheral Edema
13
Q
Bluish discoloration of skins and nails
A
Cyanosis
14
Q
Bulb-like phalanx due to increasing connective tissue under nails
A
Digital Clubbing
15
Q
Chest Symmetry landmark to assess lower lobe expansion
A
10th Rib
16
Q
Changes that indicates chronic DOB
A
SCM Prominence
17
Q
The normal degree of Schamrot’s Sign
A
160 degree
18
Q
Mediastinal Shift: Atelectasis
A
Ipsilateral
19
Q
Chest Symmetry landmark to assess middle lobe expansion
A
Xiphoid Process
20
Q
Mediastinal Shift: Pneumothorax
A
Contralateral
21
Q
Cyanosis that seen in lips due to decreased oxygen level
A
Centra Cyanosis
22
Q
Mediastinal Shift: Lobectomy
A
Ipsilateral
23
Q
Difficulty in Breathing in Supine
A
Orthopnea
24
Q
Mediastinal Shift: Pneumonectomy
A
Ipsilateral
25
Mediastinal Shift: Edema
Contralateral
26
Difficulty in Breathing in Side-Lying
Trepopnea
27
Relief position for patients with Orthopnea and Platypnea
Semi-Fowler
28
Mediastinal Shift: Hydrothorax
Contralateral
29
Difficulty in Breathing in Upright
Platypnea
30
Mediastinal Shift: Pleural Effusion
Contralateral
31
Sudden SOB after 1-2 hrs of supine
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
32
Labored Breathing present in Metabolic Acidosis`
Kussmaul's Breathing
33
Mediastinal Shift: Abdominal Hernia
Contralateral
34
Breathing Pattern: (+) Irregular Rhythm
Biot
35
Type of sputum associated with dry cough
Non-productive
36
Sputum with prune juice odor
Rusty
37
Breathing Pattern: (+) Normal rate and depth
Eupnea
38
Sputum with a foul-smelling odor
Fetid
39
Sputum with white and clear odor
Mucoid
40
Breathing Pattern: (+) Slow rate
Bradypnea, Cheyne Stoke, Biot
41
Sputum that indicates infection
Fetid, Purulent
42
Breathing Pattern: (+) shallow and apnea
Biot
43
Sputum that indicates pulmonary edema
Frothy
44
Breathing Pattern: (+) waning and waxing with apnea
Cheyne-Stokes
45
Sputum with thicky and sticky odor
Tenacious
46
Breathing Pattern: (+) fast and shallow depth
Tachypnea
47
Sputum indicates pneumonia
Rusty
48
Sputum with white/pink hues and foamy texture
Frothy
49
Breathing Pattern: (+) slow rate with normal or shallow depth
Bradypnea
50
Sputum indicates chronic cough without infection
Mucoid
51
Sputum with blood
Hemoptysis
52
Breathing Pattern: (+) fast rate and normal depth
Hyperpnea
53
Sputum with yellow or green hues
Purulent
54
Breathing Pattern: (+) fast rate and deep depth
Hyperventilation
55
Bacteria present in sputum of a patient in late-stage infection
Pseudomonas Aeurugnosa
56
Sputum with purple hues
Cancer
57
Landmark level for Auscultation
T2, T6, T10
58
Normal Breath Sounds: Inspi = Expi
Tracheal, Bronchovesicular
59
Continuous abnormal breath sounds that sound like a snore
Rhonchi
60
Normal breath sounds heard in lung fields
Vesicular
61
Normal Breath Sounds: Inspi < Expi
Bronchial
62
Normal Breath Sounds: Loud
Tracheal, Bronchial
63
Continuous abnormal breath sounds that sound like a whistle
Wheezes
64
Normal breath sounds heard in primary bronchi
Bronchovesicular
65
Continuous abnormal breath sounds that are a medical emergency
Stridor
66
Structures that involves in stridor breath sound
Larynx and Trachea
67
Normal Breath Sounds: Inspi > Expi
Vesicular
68
Normal Breath Sounds: Faintest
Vesicular
69
During when do you hear wheezes?
Expiration
70
Voice sound that assesses the abnormal transmission of lung sounds
Bronchophony
71
The positive finding of whispered pectriloquy
Increasing loudness
72
A non-continuous abnormal breath sounds
Crackes/Rales
73
The positive finding of bronchophony
Clear or increasing intensity of sound
74
Voice sound that assesses the abnormal change in the quality of sound
Egophony
75
Abnormal breath sounds: (+) secretions
Crackes/Rales
76
Abnormal breath sounds: (+) asthma
Wheezes
77
The normal range of pH
7.35 - 7.45
78
Fully Compensated ABG
Normal pH and Abnormal PCO2 & HCO3
79
The normal range of HCO3
22-26
80
If pH is normal, the new baseline is?
7.40
81
Partially Compensated ABG
Abnormal pH, PCO2 & HCO3
82
The normal range of PCO2
35-45
83
Uncompensated ABG
Abnormal pH and Normal PCO2 & HCO3
84
Alkalosis or Acidosis: Increase pH
Alkalosis
85
Signs and symptoms of Respiratory Alkalosis
DENTS: Dizziness, Early Tetany, Numbness, Tingling system, Syncope
86
ABG s/sx due to increasing CO2
Respiratory Acidosis
87
Alkalosis or Acidosis: Decrease HCO3
Acidosis
88
Alkalosis or Acidosis: Decrease PCO2
Alkalosis
89
Cause of Metabolic Alkalosis
VDABS: Vomiting, Diuretic, Adrenal Disease, Bicarbinogestion, Steroids
90
Alkalosis or Acidosis: Increase HCO3
Alkalosis
91
ABG s/sx due to increasing hydrogen ions and chloride
Metabolic Acidosis
92
Alkalosis or Acidosis: Decrease pH
Acidosis
93
Signs and symptoms of Metabolic Alkalosis
We MeT: Weakness, Mental Dullness, Tetany
94
Alkalosis or Acidosis: Increase PCO2
Acidosis
95
ABG s/sx due to hyperventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
96
Early signs and symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis
HARD: Headache, Anxiety, Restlessness, Dyspnea
97
Cause of Metabolic Acidosis
DAD SLUR: Diarrhea, Alcoholism, Diabetes, Starvation, Lactic Acid, Uremic Acid, Renal Failure
98
Late signs and symptoms of Respiratory Acidosis
ma SOso CO aCO: Somnolence, Confusion, Comatose
99
Signs and symptoms of Metabolic Acidosis
VoKU Na LoCoCa: Vomiting, Kussmaul breathing, Nausea, Lethargy, Comatose, Cardiac Dysrhythmia
100
ABG s/sx due to a gain of HCO3 and loss H+ & Cl
Metabolic Alkalosis
101
ABG s/sx due to decreasing renal function
Metabolic Acidosis
102
The normal range of FEV1
>75-80%
103
GOLD Grade: (+) Minimal SOB with or without cough
Grade I
104
COPD vs RLD: Expiration problem
COPD
105
COPD vs RLD: Normal FRC
RLD
106
COPD vs RLD: Normal RV
RLD
107
GOLD Grade: seek medical attention
Grade II
108
GOLD Grade: <30%
Grade IV
109
COPD vs RLD: Normal TV
COPD
110
GOLD Grade: (+) multiple exacerbation + decrease QOL
Grade IV
111
GOLD Grade: >80%
Grade I
112
COPD vs RLD: Increase FRC
COPD
113
GOLD Grade: Decrease TV
RLD
114
COPD vs RLD: Inspiration
RLD
115
GOLD Grade: 30-49%
Grade III
116
COPD vs RLD: Increase TLC
COPD
117
GOLD Grade: 50-70%
Grade II
118
COPD vs RLD: Increase RV
COPD
119
COPD vs RLD: Decrease TLC
RLD
120
GOLD Grade: (+) decrease QOL
Grade III
121
Symptoms of asthma
CoWDys: Cough, Wheeze, Dyspnea
122
COPD vs RLD: Decrease TV
RLD
123
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation of what chromosome?
Chromosome 7 (long arm)
124
COPD with (+) infection and increase secretion
Chronic Bronchitis, Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchictasis
125
Chronic bronchitis has a productive cough for how long?
3 months x 2 consecutive years
126
COPD with dry cough
Asthma
127
COPD: (+) exertional hyperventilation
Emphysema
128
COPD with (-) infection and decrease secretion
Asthma, Emphysema
129
Diagnostic tool for Cystic Fibrosis
Sweat Electrolyte Test
130
A medical emergency that has >24 hours bronchospasm
Status Asthmaticus
131
"Blue Bloaters"
Chronic Bronchitis
132
COPD: (+) hemoptysis
Bronchiectasis
133
Kartagener's triad
Bronchiectasis, Chronic Sinusitis, Sinus Invetus
134
COPD: (+) Cyanosis and Bipedal Edema
Chronic Bronchitis
135
COPD: (+) Cachexia
Emphysema
136
Chromosome 7 produces what protein that regulates sodium and chloride molecules?
CFTR
137
Reversible COPD
Asthma
138
(+) Sweat Electrolyte Test
60 meq/L of Cl
139
"Pink Puffers"
Emphysema
140
Formation in the lungs due to destruction of alveoli
Bullae Formation
141
A term that describes extreme weight loss
Cachexia
142
The brain is responsive in what molecules?
Carbon DIoxide
143
COPD: (+) bulky foul-smelling stool
Cystic Fibrosis
144
COPD due to abnormal dilation of bronchioles
Bronchiectasis
145
"Smoker's cough"
Chronic Bronchitis
146
COPD: (+) Infertility and sinusitis
Cystic Fibrosis
147
COPD: (+) fetid sputum
Bronchiectasis
148
COPD: (+) barrel chest
Emphysema
149
Emphysema is caused by what defective chromosome?
Chromosome 11
150
Chromosome 11 produces what protein?
Alpha 1 antitrypsin
151
What enzyme causes lung destruction?
Elastase
152
What is the function of Alpha 1 antitrypsin?
Decrease elastase
153
A pulmonary condition that causes decrease lung volume due to difficulty in expanding?
RLD
154
Conditions under alteration of lung parenchyma
TASI: TB, Asbestosis, Sarcoidosis, Interstitial Lung Disease
155
Conditions under alteration of the chest wall
Ankylosing Spondylitis, Scoliosis, Arthritis
156
What virus can cause COVID-19?
SARS-COV2
157
How many days of exposure before the COVID signs and symptoms come out?
2-14 days
158
Five general signs and symptoms of COVID?
Headache, loss of smell & taste, sore throat, dry cough, chest pain
159
COVID Category: Fatigue
Severe Level 1
160
COVID Category: Abdominal + Respiration sx
Severe Level 3
161
COVID Category III
GI
162
COVID Category Severe Level 2
Confusion
163
Two COVID Testing
RDT and PCR
164
Immunoglobulin that represents (+) history of covid
IgG
165
IgM + ; IgG -
Infectious
166
Three medications are given to COVID patients
Standard Antibiotics, Dexamethasone, Melatonin
167
Pro-inflammatory protein that signals cell self-destruction
Cytokine
168
IgM + ; IgG +
Infectious + Recovery
169
IgM - ; IgG -
No COVID
170
Bed position that helps the increase lung expansion
Prone & Side-lying
171
IgM - ; IgG +
Not infectious + Graduate
172
Removal of secretion used to patient's with collapsable airways
Huffing
173
Postural Drainage: Quaterturn to (L) + Trendelenburg
Lower Lobe: R Middle Lobe
174
Removal of secretion used to patient's who cannot cough on command
Tracheal Stimulation
175
Factors that decrease due to weak inspiration
Inspiratory Capacity
176
Postural Drainage: Side-lying (R) Head up
Upper Lobe: Left Posterior Lobe
177
Factors that decrease due to weak abdominals
Inability to forcibly expel air
178
Postural Drainage: Sitting + Lean Back
Upper Lobe: Anterior Apical Lobe
179
Postural Drainage: Supine + Trendelenburg
Lower Lobe: Anterior Basal Lobe
180
A breathing exercise that prevents hyperventilation
Diaphragmatic
181
Postural Drainage: Side-lying (L) bed flat
Upper Lobe: Right Posterior Lobe
182
Postural Drainage: Side-lying on C/L side + Trendelenburg
Lower Lobe: Lateral or Medial Basal Lobe
183
A breathing exercise that is used for hypoventilated segments
Segmental
184
Postural Drainage: Sitting + Lean Front
Upper Lobe: Anterior Apical Lobe
185
A breathing exercise that is used to decrease dyspnea by decreasing RR and increasing TV
Pursed Lips
186
Postural Drainage: Prone
Lower Lobe: Superior Bronchi Lobe
187
Postural Drainage: Prone + Trendelenburg
Lower Lobe: Posterior Basal Lobe
188
Pursed lips are performed during when?
Expiration
189
The pressure provided by segmental breathing provides what awareness
Sensory Awareness
190
"Controlled Breathing"
Diaphragmatic
191
"Localized Breathing"
Segmental
