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PATH > Q1 REPRO > Flashcards

Q1 REPRO Flashcards

1
Q

chimerism

A

bovine freemartin, female twin exposed to masculinizing hormones, infertile, genetically female but masculinized gonads and seminal vesicles and hair around vulva

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2
Q

male calico cats

A

HAVE to have two X chromosomes, often infertile

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3
Q

psuedohermaphrodites vs true hermaphrodites

A

pseudo- one type of gonad but accessory sex organs can be opposite
true- both types of gonads

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4
Q

male pseudohermaphrodites

A

most common intersex, testis with female phenotype, usually have low androgen production

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5
Q

female psuedohermaphrodite

A

ovaries and make phenotype, in utero exposure to androgens

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6
Q

common causes of mastitis

A

contagious- staph aureus and strep agalactiae
environmental- e coli and trueperella
both- strep dysgalactiae

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7
Q

e coli mastitis

A

very friable necrotic tissue from endotoxins

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8
Q

staph aureus mastitis

A

VERY acute, necrosis in minutes to hours

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9
Q

trueperella mastitis

A

dry period, chronic suppurative mastitis

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10
Q

nocardia mastitis

A

granulomatous from infected drugs

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11
Q

causes of mastitis in goats and sheep

A

mannheimia hemolytica and staph aureus, mycoplasma, VIRUSES: OPP and CAE (hard udder or blue bag)

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12
Q

contagious ecthyma

A

ovine parapoxvirus causes scabby mouth, lesions to udder, zoonotic (orf)

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13
Q

canine mammary tumor

A

most common in intact female dogs, mostly benign, lower incidence if spayed earlier

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14
Q

feline mammary tumors

A

most malignant, majority met to lungs, lymph, other mammary glands

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15
Q

feline fibroadenomatous hyperplasia

A

young intact females, associated with high levels of progesterone

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16
Q

what hormones do granulosa cells release

A

estrogen and inhibin

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17
Q

paraovarian cysts

A

remnants of developmental ducts, usually non-pathogenic

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18
Q

rete ovarii

A

cysts that compress cortex and cause ovarian atrophy

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19
Q

epithelial inclusion cysts

A

around ovulation fossa, obstruct ovulation and cause infertility

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20
Q

cystic ovarian follicles

A

arise because failure of ovulation, inhibits further ovulation

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21
Q

dysgerminoma

A

benign, undifferentiated stem cell neoplasm

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22
Q

teratoma

A

benign totipotent germ cell neoplasm, at least two of different germ cell layers

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23
Q
A
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24
Q

sex cord stromal tumors

A

usually granulosa, benign in cows and mares, often malignant in queen, usually hormones cause nymphomania and stallion like behavior, red/brown multifocal nodules on cross section

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25
Q

ovarian epithelial tumors

A

common in bitch, can seed to abdomen, cystic or shaggy appearance

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26
Q

salpingitis

A

inflammation of uterine tube

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27
Q

hydrosalpinx

A

fluid filled uterine tube

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28
Q

pyometra pathogenesis in the dog

A

persistent CL, high progesterone, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, closed cervix leads to hydrometra and then eventual infection (e coli most common)

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29
Q

bovine postpartum pyometra

A

abnormal parturition, uterine involution slows, lumen fills and bacteria cause infection (e coli, trueperella and fusobacterium)

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30
Q

bovine postcoital pyometra

A

caused by protozoa tritrichimonas, bulls serve as carriers and can survive being frozen

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31
Q

endometritis in mares

A

strep zooepidemicus, need endometrial biopsies to assess fertility

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32
Q

bovine uterine prolapse

A

within 15 hrs postpartum after prolonged dystocia, reduces fertility

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33
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign uterine neoplasm, takes up space

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34
Q

infectious pustular vulvovaginitis

A

BHV-1, transient infertility

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35
Q

coital exanthema

A

EHV-3, secondary bacterial infection

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36
Q

mycotoxicosis

A

moldy grains containing fusarium, zearalenone estrogenic so inhibits FSH, not fertile

37
Q

TVT

A

canine round cell tumor transmitted during sex, small cytoplasmic vacuoles

38
Q

spermatic granuloma

A

rupture of duct causes granuloma formation, can be congenital or traumatic, immune-privileged no longer

39
Q

leydig cell tumor

A

benign and expansile, spherical, tan to orange, hemorrhagic

40
Q

sertoli cell tumor

A

common in dogs, cryptorchid, firm and lobular testis, feminization syndrome bc excess estrogen produced

41
Q

seminoma

A

stallions, soft tan nodule, locally invasive

42
Q

most common route of infection of orchitis

A

hematogenous

43
Q

epidymitis route of infection

A

ascending

44
Q

brucellosis

A

unilateral orchitis

45
Q

most common cause of scrotal dermatitis

A

dermatophilus congolensis

46
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

common in intact dogs bc hormonal imbalance, not painful but can cause constipation and dysuria, bilateral

47
Q

prostatic cysts

A

often subclinical

48
Q

prostatic adenocarcinoma

A

castrated dogs, asymmetric,

49
Q

persistent frenulum

A

band of tissue fails to rupture during puberty

50
Q

balanoposthitis

A

mostly caused by BHV-1 in bulls

51
Q

ulcerative posthitis

A

castrated rams, corynebacterium renale, and high protein diet

52
Q

cutaneous habronemiasis

A

summer sores, larval migration after deposition on glans penis

53
Q
A
54
Q

diffuse placentation

A

microcotyledons fit into endometrial crypts, mares and sows

55
Q

cotyledonary placentation

A

cotyledons attached to caruncles on the endometrium, ruminants

56
Q

zonal placentation

A

villi form a band around the equator of the chorionic sac, dog and cat

57
Q

amniotic plaques

A

common in bovine placentas, foci of squamous epithelium, normal

58
Q

endometrial cups

A

equine placenta invades endometrium, produces eCG between 40-60 days gestation, normal

59
Q

hippomane

A

equine concentration of waste products, rubbery mass

60
Q

mineralized yolk sac remnant

A

circular cystic structure found on umbilical cord, hard outside fluid center, normal

61
Q

hydrops

A

dysregulation of fluid most common in the cow (still rare), bad for fetus

62
Q

adventitial placentation

A

compensation for inadequate placentomes (cotyledons), develops more placentomes close to other ones, look gross and bumpy

63
Q

subinvolition of placental sites

A

persistence of normal placental sites, oftentimes with bloody discharge long after delivery, canids

64
Q

retained placenta

A

bovine: 12hrs
equine: 3hrs
can cause secondary infections and reduced motility

65
Q

mummification

A

autolysis without putrefaction, fluids resorbs and desiccates fetus, closed cervix with NO BACTERIA, usually multiparous species

66
Q

macerated fetus

A

fetal death during uterine infection, liquefaction of fetal tissues, usually just leaves a bag of bones

67
Q

BVD

A

pestivirus, cow pregnant 0-120 leads to abortion, 120-180 leads to congenital abnormalities

68
Q

BHV-1

A

IBR infertility and abortion storms (look for vaccine history)

69
Q

neospora caninum

A

protozoa, sometimes tachyzoites in foci of brain necrosis

70
Q

leptospirosis

A

typically last trimester, edema, nephritis

71
Q

ureaplasma diversum

A

firm lungs of fetus and white and red necrosis on amnion

72
Q

brucella abortus

A

bacteria replicate in trophoblastic cells, necrotic cotyledons

73
Q

campylobacter spp.

A

mostly infertility, rare abortion

74
Q

mycotic abortions

A

aspergillus or zygomycetes, bovine hematogenous, equine ascending, hyperkeratotic dermatitis, leathery

75
Q

coxiella burnetti

A

Q-fever, placenta thick and necrotic, many organisms in trophoblasts

76
Q

chlamydia abortus

A

ovine enzootic abortion, sometimes will abort next pregnancy, ewe chronic carrier, placenta thickens

77
Q

campylobacter fetus fetus

A

ewes immune after first infection, focused around placentomes, fetal targetoid hepatic necrosis

78
Q

toxoplasma gondii

A

protozoal, dependent on stage of pregnancy, cotyledonary necrosis with mineralization white spots

79
Q

EHV-1

A

95% of abortions in last 3 months, severe fetal pulmonary edema

80
Q

equine viral arteritis

A

stallion carrier, fetal pneumonia, necrotizing arteritis, renal lesions, mare necrotizing metritis

81
Q

brucella suis

A

high incidence of stillborn piglets, affinity for skeleton and joints

82
Q

SMEDI

A

PRRS, PPV, PCV-2, PHV-1, lepto and enteroviruses (parvo causes variation in fetal sizes)

83
Q

brucella canis

A

transmitted through ingestion of vaginal discharge or venereally through infected seminal fluids

84
Q

canine herpesvirus

A

“turkey egg” puppy kidney

85
Q

equine twinning

A

80% of cases both twins die

86
Q

umbilical cord torsion

A

more common in equines especially with umbilical cords >100cm

87
Q

pregnancy toxemia

A

negative energy balance causes hepatic lipidosis

88
Q

veratrum californicum

A

plant that causes cyclopia

PATH (13 decks)

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