Q1 RESPIRATORY

Question 1

palatoschisis

Answer 1

cleft palate, communication between oral and nasal cavity

Question 2

choanal atresia

Answer 2

no opening between lasal cavity and nasopharynx, lack of nasal turbinates

Question 3

ciliary dyskinesia

Answer 3

malformed cilia

Question 4

brachycephalic airway syndrome

Answer 4

stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, hypoplastic trachea

Question 5

eustachitis

Answer 5

gutteral pouch inflammation, empyema is accumulation of pus within

Question 6

hemoptysis

Answer 6

coughing up blood

Question 7

catarrhal exudate

Answer 7

mucoid, thick but clear

Question 8

aspergillus spp.

Answer 8

long nose dogs very purulent rhinitis

Question 9

common bacterial causes of feline rhinitis and conjunctivitis

Answer 9

calicivirus, herpes, Mycoplasma felis, Chlamydophila felis, fungal cryptococcus spp.

Question 10

pathognomonic for herpesvirus

Answer 10

dendritic corneal ulcerations

Question 11

Cryptococcus spp. in cats

Answer 11

gelatinous polypoid masses, can cause encephalitis, “roman nose”

Question 12

IBR (bovine herpes)

Answer 12

very red, necrotic nose, mannheimia synergism, fibrinonecrotic membrane

Question 13

pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis in pigs

Answer 13

bord and pasteurella infection ihibits osteoblasts and increases osteoclasts, loss of nasal conchae causes septal deviation

Question 14

Oestrus ovis

Answer 14

sheep bot fly, larvae deposit in nostrils

Question 15

Cuterebra spp.

Answer 15

rodent bot fly, nasal cavity in cats

Question 16

equine rhinopneumonitis (herpes 1,4)

Answer 16

causes myeloencephalopathy and abortions in mares, can remain latent in trigeminal ganglia

Question 17

horner’s syndrome

Answer 17

miosis and upper eyelid dropping, elevated third eyelid, caused by nerve compression from swelling

Question 18

ethmoid hematoma

Answer 18

common in horses, pedunculated mass from conchae, unilateral nasal bleeding

Question 19

most common canine nasal tumor

Answer 19

adenocarcinoma

Question 20

enzootic nasal carcinoma

Answer 20

retroviral induced neoplasia in sheep and goats, less facial deformities

Question 21

most common nasal tumor of cats

Answer 21

nasal lymphoma

Question 22

calf diphtheria

Answer 22

secondary infection of fusobacterium necrophorum, fibrin can block the larynx

Question 23

Oslerus osleri

Answer 23

parasitic tracheobronchitis in young dogs

Question 24

clara cells

Answer 24

unique non-ciliated epithelial cell in the bronchioles that act like stem cells and secrete protective factors

Question 25

type I pneumocytes

Answer 25

flat epithelial cells necessary for gas exchange, replaced by type II temporarily after injury

Question 26

RAO/asthma histo changes

Answer 26

chronic hypersensitivity causes goblet cell metaplasia and sometimes smooth muscle hypertrophy

Question 27

equine exercise induces pulmonary hemorrhage

Answer 27

massive rupture of small alveolar capillaries following exercise, epistaxis

Question 28

emphysema vs bullae

Answer 28

e- septal rupture with crepitus, really looks like streaks of bubbles in lungs
b- large air pockets, can lead to pneumothorax

Question 29

atelectasis

Answer 29

lung collapse

Question 30

suppurative bronchopneumonia

Answer 30

cranioventral dark red, firm lung tissue, often aerogenous route

Question 31

shipping fever

Answer 31

mannheimiosis causes severe fibrinous bronchopnumonia, often fatal, very prevalent in US

Question 31

fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Answer 31

DARK red, firm, cranioventral with fibrillar material on pleura, aerogenous

Question 32

actinobacillus suis (s)/ pleuropneumonia (p)

Answer 32

swine infection that causes an embolic lung pattern, both very deadly, p involves persistent infections

Question 33

Mycoplasma bovis infection

Answer 33

large areas of pulmonary abscessation

Question 34

indicative of aspriation

Answer 34

necrosuppurative

Question 35

interstitial pneumonia

Answer 35

caudodorsal/diffuse, rubbery with rib impressions and no collapse, direct alveolar damage, caused by toxins and viruses

Question 36

canine distemper virus

Answer 36

lymphoid atrophy, some inclusions and viral syncytia (fused infected cells)

Question 37

bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema

Answer 37

caused by lush grass w/ L-tryptophan, eventually transforms to free radicals in club cells, causes necrosis of type I and bronchiolar cells, fibrin exudate, very bumpy lungs

Question 38

ovine progressive pneumonia/ caprine arthritis and encephalitis

Answer 38

lentiviruses have a long incubation after often being transmitted in the colostrum, very rubbery lungs

Question 39

rhodococcus equi

Answer 39

infects young foals/ immunodeficient, causes small multifocal granulomatous lesions

Question 40

mycobacterium bovis

Answer 40

unpasteurized milk, causes large granulomas

Question 41

tell apart fungal pneumonias

Answer 41

histoplasma- intracellular with clear halos
cryptococcus- thick mucinous capsule, soap bubbles
blastomyces- basophilic, large
coccidioides- vary in size, weird ring cells

Question 42

primary pulmonary neoplasia

Answer 42

majority are malignant and epithelial (carcinoma), pulmonary adenocarcinoma most common

Question 43

feline lung-digit syndrome

Answer 43

for some reason lung masses met to the toes in cats

Question 44

Ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma

Answer 44

caused by retrovirus, affects ventral lung lobes

Question 45

granular cell tumors

Answer 45

horses have eosinophilic masses that can arise in the airways and sometimes block them

Question 46

pulmonary interstitial fibrosis

Answer 46

idiopathic in dogs/cats, westies, EHV 5 in horses makes nodules, trichrome stain