Q2 ENDOCRINE

Question 1

what hormones are made in the PG pars distalis and by what cells? (5)

Answer 1

somatotrophs- GH
lactotrophs- prolactin
corticotrophs- ACTH
thyrotrophs- TSH
gonadotrophs- LH/FSH

Question 2

which hormones are made by PG pars nervosa pituicytes?

Answer 2

vasopressin and oxytocin

Question 3

central DI

Answer 3

pars nervosa compromised and patient cannot make ADH

Question 4

somatotroph adenoma

Answer 4

mostly in cats, secretes GH and causes insulin resistance and acromegaly

Question 5

corticotroph adenoma

Answer 5

hypersecretes ACTH and thus increases cortisol, PDH cushings

Question 6

pitutitary gland carcinoma

Answer 6

nonfunctional but will destroy tissue, causes panhypopituitarism and central DI

Question 7

Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction

Answer 7

functional pars intermedia adenoma causes compression of the hypothalamus and an increase in ACTH somehow

Question 8

veratrum californicum toxicity

Answer 8

causes PG aplasia in ruminants and prolonged gestation

Question 9

which zones of the adrenal gland are controlled by ACTH?

Answer 9

zona fasciculata and zona reticularis

Question 10

addison’s disease

Answer 10

primary hypoadrenocorticism, immune mediated destruction of all cortical zones (low Na, high K)

Question 11

ADH cushings

Answer 11

functional cortical adenoma of the zona fasciculata causes high cortisol levels

Question 12

calcinosis cutis

Answer 12

mineralization of the skin due to cushings

Question 13

conn’s syndrome

Answer 13

functional adrenal gland adenoma of the zona granulosa in cats, hyperaldosteronism (high Na, low K)

Question 14

pheochromocytoma

Answer 14

functional adrenal gland medullary tumor causes hypertension and cardiomyopathy, can be malignant

Question 15

c-cell tumors

Answer 15

hypersecrete calcitonin, primarily in bulls

Question 16

lymphocytic thyroiditis

Answer 16

immune mediated thyroid tissue destruction in dogs, causes hypothyroidism

Question 17

goiter

Answer 17

acquired through diet or toxicity (iodine imbalance) or inherited hypothyroidism causes big thyroids

Question 18

hypothyroidism symptoms

Answer 18

weight gain, alopecia, atherosclerosis and hepatolipidosis

Question 19

hyperthyroidism

Answer 19

usually cats, functional thyroid adenoma causes weight loss and masks renal failure

Question 20

what does PTH do

Answer 20

increases Ca, decreases P (chief cells)

Question 21

what does vit D3 do

Answer 21

increases Ca and P

Question 22

what does calcitonin do

Answer 22

decreases Ca and P

Question 23

hypoparathyroidism symptom

Answer 23

neuromuscular tetany and excitability, seizures

Question 24

two causes of secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 24

nutrition (Ca imbalance) and renal (low vit D3)

Question 25

functional chief cell adenoma

Answer 25

primary hyperparathyroidism causes high PTH (HIGH Ca)

Question 26

pseudohyperparathyroidism causes

Answer 26

CLAP (carcinoma, lymphoma, ASAGA, and plasma cell myeloma) secretes PTHrp to mimic normal PTH