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PATH > Q2 URINARY and EXOTICS > Flashcards

Q2 URINARY and EXOTICS Flashcards

1
Q

how much function does the kidney have to lose to go into renal failure?

A

75-80%

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2
Q

what is the most important cause of acute renal failure

A

tubular necrosis

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3
Q

mechanisms for non-renal lesions of uremia

A

endothelial damage, ammonia production, Ca/P imbalance

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4
Q

what is the pathogenesis of secondary hyperparathyroidism in renal failure

A

insufficient renal function, high P, high PTH, Ca removed from bones, causes fibrous osteodystrophy

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5
Q

polycystic kidney disease common breeds and where else are cysts found

A

persian cats and bull terriers, cysts often also in pancreas and liver

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6
Q

ectopic ureters breed predilection and clinical sign

A

huskies with urinary incontinence

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6
Q

urachal anomalies

A

patent urachus (male foals drip urine), persistent urachal remnant (incomplete emptying of bladder)

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7
Q

CHV-1 pathogenesis

A

young puppies with intrauterine infection leads to renal vascular insult, with eosinophilic inclusion bodies in epithelium

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8
Q

gross differences in acute, subacute and chronic renal infarcts

A

red and swollen, white with peripheral red area, white and depressed

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9
Q

analgesic nephropathy

A

NSAID administration and dehydration leads to hypoxia of renal papillae

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10
Q

three parts of the glomerular filtration barrier

A

capillary endothelium, basement membrane, and podocytes

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11
Q

what are the four components to nephrotic syndrome

A

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, generalized edema, hypercholesterolemia

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12
Q

glomerular nephritis pathology

A

immune complex formation lodges in glomeruli, inflammatory reaction of mesangial cells (bernies)

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13
Q

what breeds are predisposed to renal amyloidosis

A

shar pei, abyssinian

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14
Q

what are the most common bacteria implicated for bacterial embolic nephritis in horses, SR, pigs and cattle

A

horse: actinobacillus equuli
SR: corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
pigs: erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
cattle: trueperella pyogenes

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15
Q

ethylene glycol pathogenesis

A

rapidly absorbed and metabolized, calcium oxalate crystals

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16
Q

melamine and cyanuric acid toxicity

A

necrosis of the DISTAL convoluted tubules with golden crystals

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17
Q

how does oak cause disease in large animals

A

tannin metabolites target endothelial cells causing hematuria (cortical petechiae)

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18
Q

worst aminoglycoside and how do they become toxic to the kidneys

A

neomycin and accumulates in lysosomes of proximal convoluted tubules

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19
Q

hemoglobinuria causes in sheep and horses

A

sheep: copper tox, blood transfusion
horse: red maple toxicity and neonatal isoerythrolysis (GUN METAL)

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20
Q

common bacteria involved in ascending infection in all animals, cattle, and pigs

A

e coli, corynebacterium renale and trueperella, and actinobaculum suis

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21
Q

where does lepto like to hang out after a week

A

proximal convoluted tubules

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22
Q

swine renal parasite that migrates through the liver

A

stephanurus dentatus

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23
Q

giant kidney worm that infects any fish eating mammal

A

dioctophyma renale

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24
Q

pearsonema

A

subclinical renal parasite

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25
Q

most common primary renal tumor of dog

A

renal carcinoma, often mets (cattle benign but bilateral)

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26
Q

pigs, chickens and G sheps developmental tumor that can produce EPO

A

renal nephroblastoma

27
Q

silica urolithiasis

A

ruminants and dehydration

28
Q

struvite urolithiasis

A

commonly associated with infection in canine females, likes high pH

29
Q

oxalate urolithiasis

A

persian and himalayan cats with acidic urine

30
Q

urate urolithiasis

A

high protein diet and dalmations/liver disease

31
Q

follicular cystitis

A

white and red spotting and lymphoid follicle formation

32
Q

polypoid cystitis

A

hyperplasia in the bladder

33
Q

what disposes animals to emphysematous cystitis

A

diabetes

34
Q

enzootic hematuria

A

chronic bracken fern ingestion causes tumors

35
Q

embryonal grape lookin tumor in young saint bernards

A

botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma

36
Q

hypovitaminosis A sequelae in exotics

A

unhealthy epithelium and keratin accumulates and obstructs ducts

37
Q

ureotelic species

A

mammals

38
Q

uricotelic species

A

birds and reptiles

39
Q

ammonotelic species

A

fish

40
Q

causes of gout

A

dehydration, renal disease, excessive protein consumption/catabolism

41
Q

hypovitaminosis C

A

scurvey (guinea pigs) lack L-gulonolactone oxidase so need to get C from diet, impaired synthesis of perivascular collagen causes hemorrhages

42
Q

tyzzer’s disease

A

affects liver, intestine heart from clostridium piliforme

43
Q

epizootic catarrhal enteritis

A

green slime disease, high morbidity low mortality

44
Q

what causes teeth grinding and ulcerative gastritis in ferrets

A

Helicobacter mustelae

45
Q

how does acute lymphoma commonly present in ferrets

A

young ferret with respiratory problems, mediastinal lymphoma

46
Q

gelatinous tumor at end of tail in ferrets

A

chordoma

47
Q

prognosis for mammary tumor in mice

A

POOR retroviral induced

48
Q

what causes pneumonia in rats

A

corynebacterium kutscheri

49
Q

most common tumor of rats

A

pituitary adenoma (mammary not a big deal)

50
Q

what species commonly gets L sided atrial thrombosis and L intracellularis infection?

A

hamster

51
Q

bacterial pneumonia causes in guinea pig

A

bordetella bronchiseptica and strep pneumoniae (asymptomatic carriers are rabbits)

52
Q

etiologic agent in cervical lymphadenitis

A

strep zooepidemicus in guinea pigs

53
Q

what causes seizure like intense pruritis in guinea pigs

A

trixacarus caviae

54
Q

common cause of widespread bacterial infection in a rabbit

A

pasteurella multocida

55
Q

causative agent of ocular, neurologic, and renal infection in rabbits

A

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

56
Q

rabbit ear mites

A

psoroptes cuniculi

57
Q

common tumor of female rabbits

A

uterine adenocarcinoma

58
Q

zoonotic agent causing fibrinous airsacculitis and hepatosplenomegaly in birds

A

chlamydia psittacii

59
Q

PsHV

A

causes liver/ spleen necrosis and papillomas/ cholangiocellular carcinoma

60
Q

beak and feather disease

A

circovirus

61
Q

proventricular dilation disease

A

bornavirus, passing undigested seeds

62
Q

budgerigar fledgling disease

A

polyomavirus causes feather anomalies and hemorrhage

63
Q

self feather plucking

A

pterotillomania

64
Q

means of transmission of IBD among snakes in captivity

A

snake mites, Ophionyssus natricis

65
Q

metabolic bone disease

A

secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by ca/p imbalances, renal or parathyroid disease, UVB light deficiency, and vitamin D deficiency

66
Q

dysecdysis

A

shedding

PATH (13 decks)

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