Questions of Bordeaux Flashcards
(311 cards)
1
Q
Who is the producer of Hommage à Elisabeth Bouchet?What’s special?
A
*Chateau Angelus
*A tiny-production cuvée that will only be released in the greatest vintages.
*2016 was the first vintage
*made from 60-80 year-old-vine of Cabernet Franc (or Bouchet) from two small parcels in the South-West corner of the Angélus vineyard on the famous pied de côte.
*The wine honours Elisabeth Bouchet, great-grandmother of Stéphanie de Boüard-Rivoal, owner and CEO of Chateau Angélus
2
Q
When was Angelus Grand Vin Blanc first vintage made? What are the grapes and appellation?
A
2020, made from a blend of 40% Chardonnay, 30% Sauvignon Blanc and 30% Semillon.
Roughly 100 cases per year, almost imporssible to find, sold as a Vin de Pays de l’Atlantique.
3
Q
Which Chateau is a long-standing association with the James Bond film franchise?
A
Chateau Angelus
4
Q
Which Bordeaux producer is co-owner of Klein Constantia in the Stellenbosch?
A
Chateau Angelus, Bouard family
5
Q
Who is current winemaker of Petrus?
A
Olivier Berrouet since 2008
6
Q
Which vintages were not made by Petrus?
A
1956, 1965, 1991
7
Q
?? What’s the blue clay called in Petrus?
A
Molasse
8
Q
?? What’s the Iron-rich sand soil in Petrus called?
A
Crasse de fer
9
Q
Name two Château Lagrange’s location and ownerships?
A
One in Pomerol owned by Moueix family - Petrus
One in St-Julien, 3rd Grand Cru Classe owned by Santory and Castel
10
Q
Who is the owner of Vieux Chateau Certan? Also owns which wineries?
A
Tienpont family also owns Le Pin, Chateau Pavie Macquin (1er Grand Cru Classe of St Emilion), Chateau Larcis Ducasse(premier grand cru classe St-Emilion), Vina Aquitania (Sol de Sol Chardonnay) in Malleco Valley, Chile
11
Q
Who is the owner of Chateau Ausone?
A
Authier family
12
Q
Who is the owner of Chateau Pavie?also owns which wineries?
A
Gerard Perse in 1998;
Pavie-Decesse (St-Emilion Grand Cru classe, only 3.5ha of vineyard with 90% Merlot), Monbousquet (St-Emilion Grand Cru Classe),
Bellevue Mondotte (St-Emilion Grand Cru, the smallest estate of Perse, with only 2.5ha of vines, 90% Merlot),
Clos des Lunelles(Cotes de Castillon),
Château Clos l’Église (Pomerol),
Château Sainte-Colombe (Castillon - Côtes de Bordeaux)
13
Q
?? Who is the producer of “Franc de Pied”? What is it made from?
A
Chateau Dauzac Margaux; from 100% ungrafted Cabernet Sauvignon
14
Q
Who is the owner of Chateau Gilette?
A
Gonet-Medeville
15
Q
What’s the appellation of Chateau le Puy?Who is the owner? Name the two cuvees?
A
Francs Côtes de Bordeaux;
Owned by Amoreau family since 1610;
Emilien, and Barthélémy
16
Q
Who is the producer of Asphodele? Grape and style?
A
Chateau Climens x Pascal Jolivet of Sancerre
Dry white from 100% Semillon, Bordeaux Blanc AOP.
17
Q
Which vintages of Chateau Climens were not made?
A
No Grand Vin: 2021, 2020, 2018, 2017 vintages due to weather-ralated disasters:frost, hail and mildew.
Declassed entire harvest: 1993, 1992, 1987 and 1984 (recent vintages)
18
Q
Which vintages of Chateau Climens were considered to surpass Château d’Yquem ?
A
1929, 1947 and 1949
19
Q
Who is the winemaker of Chateau Latour?
A
Frédéric Engerer since 1993
20
Q
Where is Artigues?
A
In Pauillac, a parcel used for Pauillac de Latour
21
Q
Where is Le Sarmentier? What’s special?
A
a small parcel of Chateau Latour with 100-year-old Cabernet Sauvignon
22
Q
Name the newest Chateaux Bourgeois Exceptionnels located in Margaux?
A
Château d’Arsac, Château Mongravey, Château Paveil de Luze
23
Q
Name the newest Chateaux Bourgeois Exceptionnels located in Saint-Estephe?
A
Château le Crock, Château Laffitte Carcasset
24
Q
Name the newest Chateaux Bourgeois Exceptionnels located in Listrac-Médoc?
A
Château Reverdi
25
Name the newest Chateaux Bourgeois Exceptionnels located in Haut-Médoc?
Château Malescasse, Château de Malleret, Château Paloumey, Château Reysson,
Château du Taillan
26
Name the newest Chateaux Bourgeois Exceptionnels located in Médoc?
Châteaux la Cardonne, Château Castera, Château Laujac
27
since when Chateau Pontet Canet does not produce second label?
2023
28
Name the 4 communes in Pauillac?
Saint-Estèphe(north),Saint-Sauveur (west),Pauillac (central), Saint-Julien-Beychevelle(south)
29
Name the 4 communes in St-Julien?
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle (north),
Saint-Laurent-Médoc(northwest),
Cussac-Fort-Médoc (central),
Pauillac
30
Where is Saint Sauveur?
Commune in Pauillac
31
Which commune is shared between Pauillac and St-Julien?
Saint Julien Beychevelle
32
Where is Saint-Laurent-Médoc?
A commune within St-Julien
33
Where is Cussac-Fort-Médoc ?
A commune within St-Julien
34
Name 10 communes of Pessac-Leognan?
Mérignac
Pessac
Talence
Canéjan
Gradignan
Villenave-d'Ornon
Cadaujac
Léognan
Martillac
Saint-Médard-d'Eyrans
35
Name 9 communes in Saint-Emilion?
Libourne(northwest)
Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens(west),
Vignonet,
Saint-Christophe-des-Bardes,
Saint-Émilion,
Saint-Laurent-des-Combes,
Saint-Hippolyte,
Saint-Étienne-de-Lisse,
Saint-Pey-d'Armens(sud)
36
Where is Néac?
A commune in Lalande-de-Pomerol
37
Which chateau was merged with Chateau Belair-Monange? when?
Chateau Magdelaine, in 2012
38
Which chateau was merged with Chateau Canon? when?
Chateau Matras, 2011
39
Which Chateau was merged with Chateau Trotte Vieille?
Chateau Bergat
40
Is Cotes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire included in Cotes de Bordeaux appellations?
NO
41
What are the differences between Blaye/ Côtes de Bordeaux-Blaye/ Côtes de Blaye?
Blaye exclusive to red wine
Cotes de Blaye exclusive to dry white dominated by Colombard and Ugni Blanc (60%-90%), with Muscadelle, SB,SG,Semillon.
Cotes de Bordeaux Blaye produces both dry white and red, white is dominated by SB, SG,Semillon.
The red wines from Blaye and Cotes de Bordeaux Blaye are from the same grapes, but Blaye AC min 12%abv, 0.5% higher than Cotes de Bordeaux Blaye; Blaye has stricter max. Yield 48hl/ha, CDB Blaye is 52hl/ha; Aging Blaye Wines may not be released until March 31 of the second year following the harvest
42
Which subzones of Cotes de Bordeaux can produce Blanc Sec?
Except Cadillac and Castillon and Cotes de Bordeaux itself: Ste Foy, Francs, Blaye
43
Which subzones of Cotes de Bordeaux can produce sweet wine?
Ste Foy and Francs
44
Which AC in Bordeaux can produce Mauzac?
Entre-deux-Mers Haut Benauge, but max. 10% combo Mauzac, Colombard, and Ugni Blanc
45
In Bordeaux which appellation produces white wine dominated by Colombard and Ugni Blanc?
Cotes de Blaye
46
What are the wine styles of Cadillac and Cotes de Bordeaux -Cadillac?
Cadillac: Liquoreux
Cotes de Bordeaux Cadillac: rouge
47
Where is Pouyalet ? Which famous Chateau is within it?
A hamlet in north of Pauillac, Chateau Mouton Rothschild
48
Which principal Bordeaux red grape is not included in Pomeral AOC?
Carmenere
49
??What’s the full name of INAO? When was it founded?
Institut National des Appellations d’Origine, in 1935.
50
??Which aspects are controlled by AOC system?
Limits on yields, vineyard density, training and pruning techniques, grape varieties, methods of production, minimum alcohol levels, minimum must weights, and the geographical boundaries of each appellation.
51
??When was the first AOC awarded by INAO? How many AOC appellations for wine and brandy were granted by 2017?
how many for agricultural products?
In 1936;
363 AOC;
100 more.
52
??What’s the full name of AOP? When was it brought by INAO?
Appellation d’Origine Protégée; in 2009.
53
??What’s the full name of VDQS? When was this category eliminated淘汰?
Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure; it was eliminated in 2011.
54
??How many percent of French wine production are released under the Vin de Pays classification?
1/3
55
??New category for Vin de Pays level in France? It falls in which category of EU? How many % of the grapes must be sourced from th estated geographical area?
Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP);
Falls in EU’s PGI (Protected Geographic Indication).
85%
56
??What’s the yields of Vin de Pays for white wines? And for red and rosé wines? Mini alcohol level range?
90hl/ha; 85hl/ha.
9%-10% abv.
57
??What’s VINIFLHOR? What is its function?
A goverment agricultural office; used to oversee Vin de Pays regulations, but the control was transferred to the INAO after the European reforms were finalized.
58
Which organization oversees Vin de Pays regulations?
VINIFLHOR
59
??When was Vin de Table/Vin Ordinaires rechristened as Vin de France ? Can the vintage and variety appear on the label? What’s the purpose of changement?
In 2009;
Yes (but before can not for Vin de Table);
To compete with New World varietal wines.
60
What’s the current French Wine Classifications?
Appellation d'Origine Contrôlee / Protégée (AOC/AOP)
Vin de Pays / Indication Géographique Protégée (IGP)
Vin de France (formerly Vin de Table)
61
??Which regions are the first and second volume of production in France?
First is Languedoc; Second is Bordeaux.
62
History of Bordeaux wine region?
1)1152-1453, Bordeaux was ruled by England.
2)Mid-1600s, Dutch created a complex series of drainage channels and provided the framework for the Medoc’s eventual dominance为梅多克的统治地位奠定了基础。
3)English market for claret was replaced by the important Dutch trade market.
4)The wealthy noblesse came and established the great chateaux foremost最重要的in modern wine market.
5)The success of Bordeaux is fundamentally linked to the region’s importance as a center of trade, made possible by its proximity to the Atlantic.
6)18th century a merchant class emerged.
7)After World War II, the négociants faded in influence with the rising appeal of estate bottling, the courtiers of Bordeaux maintain their authority权威over the trade and are responsible for the current method of en primeur sales,
63
??What’s En Primeur?
The yearly offering of Bordeaux wine as futures即每年提供波尔多葡萄酒作为期货.
64
?? What's a négociant traditionally?
Negociant acted as one type of intermediary中间人, buying fruit or wine in barrel to age in their own cellars before selling the bottled wine.
65
??What’s Courtier?
brokers of wine葡萄酒经纪人—supplying the châteaux with financial backing财政支持while gaining total control over the actual trade of wine.
66
Which period Bordeaux was ruled by England?
1152-1453
67
??What’s the climate of Bordeaux?
1)Maritime climate, with both the Atlantic and Gironde acting as moderating influences, protecting the vines from winter freezes and spring frost.
Rain is a worry, especially at harvest.
2)The climate becomes more continental toward St-Emilion and Pomerol.
68
??What’s Bordeaux mixture?
A mix of lime, copper sulfate, and water, to avoid fungal problems.
69
??What’s the common vineyard problems in Bordeaux?
1)Wet spring season and humidity of the region can result in mold and rot.
2)Autumn humidity in Sauternes is a cause for celebration due to the development of noble rot. But grey rot will destroy the fruit.
3)Springtime frost can lead to coulure and millerandage, reducing the yield.
70
Name the three regional appellations of Bordeaux?
Bordeaux AOP (Rouge/Rosé/Clairet/Blanc/Haut-Benauge Blanc)
Bordeaux Supérieur (Rouge/Blanc Liquoreux)
Crémant de Bordeaux (Blanc/Rosé)
71
??Which wine types can be produced under Bordeaux AOP?
Red, white, rosé, or clairet.
72
What’s the subzone of Bordeaux AOP? Producing which type of wine?
Haut-Benauge; Blanc sec and doux
73
What’s the RS of Bordeaux Haut-Benauge?Bordeaux Supérieur?
5-60g/l - Haut Benauge; min 17g/l - Bordeaux Supérieur
74
??What’s clairet wine?
A darker, more aromatic style of rosé that evokes the original claret wines shipped to England in the Middle Ages让人想起中世纪运往英国的原始红葡萄酒.
75
??Which soil type is ideal for Cabernet Franc? Why ?
Limestone-based soil, which promote acidity and freshness in the wines.
76
??Why is clay-based soil preferred by Merlot?
Clay soil can delay Merlot’s natural vigor.
77
??What does assemblage mean?
Blend
78
??What are the 6 main black grape varieties for Bordeaux AOP?
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Carmenere.
79
??How many red and white varieties were added for Bordeaux and Bordeaux Superieur AOCs? What are they? In Which year?
4 red and 2 white varieties were added for Bordeaux and Bordeaux Supérieur in 2021 due to climate change.
Red: Arinarnoa (Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon), Castets, Marselan (Grenache x Cabernet Sauvignon), Touriga National;
White: Alvarinho, Liliorila ( Baroques x Chardonnay )
80
What are the parent varieties of Arinarnoa?
Tannat x Cab S
81
What are the parent varieties of Liliorila?
Baroques x Chardonnay
82
??How many red grape varieties are allow for Bordeaux AOP? What are they?
10 varieties;
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec, Carmenere.
New: Arinarnoa (Tannat x Cabernet Sauvignon), Castets, Marselan (Grenache x Cabernet Sauvignon), Touriga National.
83
??How many white grape varieties are allow for Bordeaux AOP? Which are they?
10 varieties: Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Muscadelle, Colombard,
Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc and Mauzac.
New: Alvarinho, Liliorila
84
??Arinarnoa?
Variety obtained in 1956 by INRA (France) by crossing Tannat with Cabernet Sauvignon. It has a medium-large cluster, a medium berry with a rounded shape and a herbaceous taste. It produces wines of great complexity and aromatic persistence, well-structured both in acidity and in alcohol content, with evident tannin content and colouring substances.
85
What’s Pressac?
Local name for Malbec on the Right Bank.
86
??What’s the synonym of Malbec on the right bank of Bordeaux?
Pressac
87
??What’s the min % of Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle in Bordeaux blanc sec?
Max % combined Ugni Blanc, Merlot Blanc, Colombard, Alvarinho and Liliorila? Max % for Alvarinho and Liliorila?
Mini 70%; Max 30%; max 10%.
88
??What’s the barrel called in Bordeaux? What’s the capacity?
Barriques, 225-liter.
89
??Which types of wines can be produced in Bordeaux Supérieur AOP ?
Red and off-dry white.
90
??An off-dry white wine can be labeled under which AOC in Bordeaux? What’s the mini RS under this AOP?
Bordeaux Supérieur AOP; Blanc: min. 17 g/l
91
??What’s the grape varieties for white Crémant de Bordeaux AOP? and for Rosé Crémant de Bordeaux AOP? age for how long prior to degorgement and for release after date of tirage? Atmospheres of pressure?
1)Vin Mousseux Blanc:
Principal Varieties: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère, Muscadelle, Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris.
Accessory Varieties: Max. 30% combined Colombard, Merlot Blanc, and Ugni Blanc.
2)Vin Mousseux Rosé: Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cot, Petit Verdot, Carmenère.
3)9 months on the lees prior to dégorgement;
4)may not be released for a min. 12 months after the date of tirage;
5)Min. 3.5 atmospheres of pressure.
92
??Appellations in Médoc?
Médoc, Haut-Médoc, Listrac-Médoc, Saint-Estephe, Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Moulis, Margaux
93
??Médoc Soil? Wines style?
Red wine only;
Alluvial terraces of gravel deposits, light, good for Cab
Deep and clay-like, good for Merlot.
94
??For Medoc wines, when is the best to drink?
After 5 years
95
??What is 1855 classification?
It was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III and carried out by the courtiers of Bordeaux.
Before the Universal Exposition in Paris, they ranked the Chateaux of Medoc by price and classified them into first through fifth growths, with only one exception Chateau Haut-Brion located in Graves.
96
?? What’s the only change of 1855 classification?
The only change to the classification occurred in 1973, Chateau Mouton-Rothschild was elevated from second growth to first after years of tireless self-promotion by Baron Philippe de Rothschild, taking its place among the world’s most expensive wines.
97
?? What’s the Cru Bourgeois classification?
*Crus Bourgeois was introduced in 1932, divided 444 wineries into 3 categories: Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel, Cru Bourgeois Superieur, Cru Bourgeois.
*The calssification was not official until 2003, only 247 chateaux retained their status.
*In 2008, the higher designations of Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel and Cru Bourgeois Superieur were eliminated.
*In 2018, new legislation reinstate使恢复原状the previously eliminated terms.
*In 2025, 170 Chateaux were given Cru Bourgeois status (down from 249 in 2020), including 14 Crus bourgeois exceptionnels and 36 Cru Bougeois Superieurs and 120 Cru Bourgeois. The Classification will be reviewed every 5 years.
98
?? Please list the 14 Cru Bourgeois Exceptionnel classified in 2018?
AOC MÉDOC
Château la Cardonne – new, previously Supérieur
Château Castera – new, previously Supérieur
Château Laujac – new, previously Supérieur
AOC HAUT-MÉDOC
Château Malescasse
Château de Malleret
Château Paloumey – new, previously Supérieur
Château Reysson – new, previously Supérieur
Château du Taillan
AOC LISTRAC-MÉDOC
Château Reverdi – new, previously Supérieur
AOC MARGAUX
Château d’Arsac
Château Mongravey – new, previously Supérieur
Château Paveil de Luze
AOC SAINT-ESTÈPHE
Château le Crock
Château Lafitte Carcasset – new, previously Supérieur
99
??What’s the wine style of St-Estephe AOP?
It’s the northernmost commune appellation in Haut-Medoc.
The wine style is sturdy and full-bodied, with lightly higher percentage of Merlot, because the higher proportion of clay amongst the gravel.
100
??The wine style fo Pauillac Appellation?
In Pauillac the gravel topsoil of the Haut-Medoc is at its deeppest point, the Cab S based wines are structured and long-lived. The appellation boasts 3 first growths: Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Chateau Mouton-Rothschild, and Chateau Latour. Lafite and Latour represent the pinnacle of Pauillac: Latour produces wines of depth and concentration, Lafite emphasizes aromatics and elegance.
101
Name the communes of production of Pauillac AOP?
Pauillac, Saint-Sauveur, Saint-Estephe, Saint-Julien-Beychevelle
102
Castets can be blended in which AOPs: St-Estephe,Pauillac,St-Julien,Margaux?
Margaux (max. 5%)
103
??What’s the style of St-Julien AOP?
*This appellation produces less wines than other communes, but the quality is very good: 80% of the AOP are Cru Classe wine.
*There is no 1st growth, but there are 5 second growths, including the “super seconds” of Chateau Leoville Las Cases and Chateau Ducru Beaucaillou, both can on par with 1st growths.
*St-Julien wines are typically elegant style.
104
?? Highlights for Listrac-Medoc and Moulis-en-Medoc AOPs?
1)No classified growths
2)Can be source of good value in better vintages
Chateau Chasse-Spleen in Moulis is the most famous estate.
105
?? What’s the style of Margaux AOP?
1)This appellation contains more diversity of soil types than its northern communes: more clay in outlying areas, Margaux village itself has thin, sandy gravel deposited over limestone soils.
2)Margaux is the largest commune appellation of the Haut-Medoc, and holds most classified growths (21).
3)There is one 1st growth is Chateau Margaux, and the Super Second 3rd growth Chateau Palmer.
4)The wine style is feminine, emphasis on floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse.
106
??Name the five villages of Margaux appellation?
North to South: Soussans, Margaux, Cantenac, Labarde, Arsac
107
What’s the first identifiable vineyard estate in Graves?
Château Pape-Clément , a papal gift awarded to Bordeaux in 1305.
108
?? Graves classification is under whose control?
INAO
109
??Graves Classification (in which year)? How many chateaux were classified?
Graves wines were first classified in 1953, with 6 additional wines added in 1959.
13 estates are classified for red wines, 9 for whites. Total 16 Chateaux.
110
??There were two chateaux were classified Graves Grand Crus but now supply fruit for Chateau La Mission Haut-Brion, which are they? Which are the final vintages?
Chateau La Tour Haut-Brion (classified for red wine); final vintage 2005; supply fruit for La Mission’s second red wine: La Chapelle de La Mission Haut-Brion.
Chateau Laville Haut-Brion (classified for white wine); final vintage 2008; supply fruit for La Mission’s new white wine: La Mission Haut-Brion Blanc.
111
?? The AOCs of Graves and Sauternes ?
Graves (dry white, red);
Graves Superieurs(sweet);
Pessac-Leognan (dry white, red);
Barsac, Cérons, Sauternes (sweet).
112
??Where is Pessac-Leognan AOP located? Please name the 10 communes in Pessac-Leognan AOP?
Northern Graves;
Mérignac, Pessac, Talence, Gradignan, Canéjan, Léognan, Villenave-d’Ornon, Cadaujac, Saint-Médard-d'Eyrans, Martillac.
113
?? Which AOP is for the sweet white wines produced throughout Graves ? Which three smaller sweet wine appellations are located within this region?
Graves Superieur AOP;
Cérons, Barsac, Sauternes.
114
What’s the min. Must weight of Graves Supérieures AOP? Min. RS? Harvest method?
221g/l, min. RS 34g/l. Grapes are affected by botryties and/or passerillage, must be hand-harvest in successive tries.
115
What are the min. Must weight/ min. RS/ max. Yield?
Graves Supérieures: 221g/l, RS 34g/l, max. Yield 40hl/ha;
Cérons: 221g/l, RS 45g/l, max. Yield 40hl/ha;
Barsac: 221g/l, RS 45g/l, max yield 25hl/ha;
Sauternes: 221g/l, RS 45g/l, max yield 25hl/ha.
116
Sauternes lies at the conflux of which two rivers?
Ciron and Garonne
117
How does the botrytis form in Sauternes?
When the water of Ciron and Garonne meet, creating fogs covers the entire vineyards, following sunny days. Allowing the development of the noble rot.
118
?? About Sauternes and Barsac?
*Sauternes is producing the world most famous sweet wine made from Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle, thanks to its unique microclimate.
*When these waters meet, creating fogs covers the entire vineyard, following sunny days, allowing the development of the noble rot - botrytis cinerea.
*The harvest can last for three months and need to be sorted 3 to 5 times.
*The wines of Sauternes were classified in 1855 alongside those of Medoc. And divided into 15 second growths and 11 first growths, with only one Premier Cru Superieur Chateau d’Yquem. Total 27 crus.
*Sauternes AOP covers 5 villages: Sauternes, Barsac, Fargues, Preignac, and Bommes.
*Some notable first growth such Chateau Rieussec, Chateau Climens, Suduiraut.
119
??About Chateau d’Yquem?
Yquem’s wines are legendary. The Chateau can afford to sent its pickers a dozen tries if necessary. Yquem will not produce Sauternes AOP wine in poor years, such as 1992, 1974.
The Chateau also produce a dry white wine called “Y” labeled as “Bordeaux”.
120
??What’s the mini must weight and mini RS of Sauternes AOP?
Mini must weight is 221g/l, and mini 45g/l RS.
121
??Name the 5 villages under Sauternes AOP?
Sauternes, Barsac, Fargues, Preignac, Bommes.
122
??The wine from Barsac can be produced under which AOPs?
Can be under Sauternes or Barsac AOPs.
123
??Who is the producer of Crème de Tête? How is the wine made?
*Château Gilette (no classification);
*Chateau Gilette is a 4.5-hectare estate located in the village of Preignac in Sauternes. The estate is unique in the region for its tradition of long aging of its sweet white wines, the wines normally spend 15 to 20 years in concrete cuvees.
*The Crème de Tête made from the first juices to run from the grape press. blended of Sémillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle.
124
??The name origin of Chateau Ausone?
Ausone’s name is homage to Ausonius-a 4th century Roman poet who may have planted his vines at the site of the current estate.是对在这里种下葡萄藤的4世纪罗马诗人Ausonius的致敬。
125
??Which are the two types soils of Saint-Emilion?
Côtes: the hillside cotes are steep limestone slopes;
Graves: is a gravelly limestone plateau resembling soils of the Medoc.
126
??Which Chateau in Saint-Emilion is a notable exception who produce wine with major component of Cabernet Sauvignon? What’s the percentage?
*Chateau Figeac.
*Grand vin: 43% Cabernet Sauvignon, 29% Merlot, 28% Cabernet Franc (in 2015).
127
?? When was Saint-Emilion Classification created?
The classification was created in 1954 (published in 1955) with revisions made in 1969, 1985, 1996, 2006, 2012, and 2022.
128
??Alcohol and aging requirements of Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC VS Saint-Emilion AOC?
1)Saint-Emilion Grand Cru:
11.5%; Wines may not be released before May 15 of the second year following the harvest.
2)Saint-Emilion:
11%; The wines may not be released until April 15 of the year following the harvest.
*labeled St-Émilion Grand Cru are required to show an additional + 0.5% alcohol and must undergo one-year longer élevage than wines simply labeled St-Émilion AOP
129
??What’s Crasse de Fer?
It’s a soil type famous for Pomerol - iron pan and rich clay soil.
130
??What’s the synonym of Cabernet Franc in Pomerol?
Bouchet
131
??What’s the wine style of Pomerol? Soil type? Assemblage of grape varieties in general?
1)Hedonistic, plump丰满, opulent
2)Soil of Pomerol is dominated by sand, clay, gravel with a subsoil of iron pan and rich clay (crasse de fer).
3)70-80% Merlot and 20-25% Cab F.
132
?? What’s carage wine? Please name 3 famous carage wines from Bordeaux?
1)In the late decades of 20th Century, some microchateau/small chateaux making powerful ripe and polished modern wines from just a handful hectares.
Le Pin in Pomerol, Valandraud and Mondotte in St-Emilion.
133
??What’s the annual production of Chateau Latour’s Grand Vin? And how about Le Pin?
150-180,000bottles for Chateau Latour Grand Vin;
Le Pin only make 6000bottles.
134
?? Lalande-de-Pomerol AOP contains which communes?
Lalande-de-Pomerol and Néac
135
??What are Pomerol’s neighboring red wine district?
Lalande-de-Pomerol, Fronsac, Canon-Fronsac AOPs
136
?? list the 13 AOCs in the Libournais?
Fronsac, Canon Fronsac, Lalande-de-Pomerol, Pomerol, Lussac Saint-Emilion,
Montagne Saint-Emilion, Saint-Georges-Saint-Emilion, Puisseguin Saint-Emilion,
Saint-Emilion, Saint-Emilion Grand Cru,
Francs Cotes de Bordeaux, Cotes de Bordeaux, Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux.
137
??Name the 4 satellite appellations for St-Emilion?
Lussac, St-Georges, Montagne, Puisseguin.
138
??Which river runs through righ bank of Bordeaux?
Dorgogne
139
? Name the 5 AOPs in Blaye & Bourg? Which two AOPs only produce red wines?
1)Blaye, Cotes de Blaye, Blaye-Cotes de Bordeaux,
Cotes de Bordeaux, Bourg & Cotes de Bourg
2)Blaye, Cotes de Bordeaux only produce red wine.
140
What’s the most famous winery in Cotes de Bourg? Who is the owner? They also own a winery in Saint-Emilion, which is it?
Chateau Roc de Cambes; Francois Mijtavile; Tertre-Roteboeuf.
141
Which AOP produces uniquely a large percentage of Ugni Blanc and Colombard in its dry white? How many %?
Côtes de Blaye AOC; Min. 60-90% combined Colombard and Ugni Blanc
142
? In which year, the pre-existing Bordeaux appellations were consolidated as the new Cotes de Bordeaux AOP? What’s the wine style of Cotes de Bordeaux? It may list the area of origin, please name the 5 areas? Wine types of each sub-appellation?
1)In 2008; Red only;
2)Blaye, Cadillac, Castillon, Francs, Sainte-Foy.
3)Cotes de Bordeaux - Blaye: Blanc Sec, Rouge;
Cotes de Bordeaux - Cadillac: rouge
Cotes de Bordeaux - Castillon: rouge
Cotes de Bordeaux - Francs: Blanc sec, rouge, liquoreux
Cotes de Bordeaux - Sainte-Foy: Blanc (Sec, Moelleux, Liquoreux), rouge
143
?? Which types of wine are produced from Cotes de Bordeaux-Blaye?
Blanc Sec, Rouge.
144
?? Which types of wine are produced from Cotes de Bordeaux-Castillon?
Rouge
145
?? Which types of wine are produced from Cotes de Bordeaux-Francs？
Blanc sec, rouge, liquoreux
146
?? Which types of wine are produced from Cotes de Bordeaux-Sainte-Foy?
Blanc sec, Moelleux, Liquoreux, and Rouge
147
Name the 5 subzones of Cotes de Bordeaux?
Blaye, Francs, Castillon, Sainte Foy, Cadillac
148
Which subzones of Cotes de Bordeaux can only produce rouge?
Only Rouge: Cotes de Bordeaux, Cotes de Bordeaux - Castillon, Cotes de Bordeaux - Cadillac
149
Which subzones of Cotes de Bordeaux produce both dry white and red?
Cotes de Bordeaux - Blaye
150
Which subzones of Cotes de Bordeaux can produce sweet wines apart from dry white and red?
Cotes de Bordeaux - St. Foy, Cotes de Bordeaux - Francs
151
??Which are the two rivers of Entre-Deux-Mers AOP?
Dordogne, and Garonne rivers.
152
??What are the 3 sweet wine only AOCs on the eastern shore of Garonne? There is another AOC only produces sweet wine on the right bank of Garonne, which is it?
Loupiac, Ste-Croix-Du-Mont, Cadillac (these three may or may not affected by botrytis).
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP.
153
Both of Cotes de Bordeaux - Blaye and Cotes de Blaye produce Blanc Sec, what’s the difference?
Cotes de Bordeaux-Blaye:Sauvignon Blanc, Sauvignon Gris, Sémillon, and Muscadelle;
Accessory: max.15% Colombard and Ugni Blanc;
Cotes de Blaye only produce dry white, from 60%-90%combo Colombard and Ugni Blanc,+Muscadelle,SB, SG, Semillon
154
Can Entre-deux-Mers AOP produce rouge?
Yes since 2023
155
What are the min. Must Weight and Min. RS of Cadillac/Loupiac/Cotes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire/Sainte-Croix-du-Mont?
Cadillac: Min. Must weight 225g/l; Min RS 51g/l
Loupiac: Min. Must weight 229g/l; Min RS 45g/l
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont: Min. Must Weight 229g/l; Min. RS 45g/l
Côtes de Bordeaux-Saint-Macaire: Min. Must weight Moelleux 221g/l, RS34-45g/l, Liquoreux 255g/l, RS min.45g/l.
156
?? Where is Bordeaux Haut-Benauge located? Which type of wine are produced?
Centre of Entre-Deux-Mers area;
Dry white and sweet white from Muscadelle, Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon.
157
?? Which type of wine is produced in Cadillac Cotes de Bordeaux?
Red
158
?? Which type of wine produced from Cotes de Bordeaux?
Red
159
?? Where is Cotes de Bordeaux Saint-Macaire located? What’s the types of wine are produced?
1)South of Entre-Deux-Mers area, east of Loupiac and Sainte-Croix-du-Mont.
2)Blanc sec, moelleux, liquoreux.
160
?? Which type of wine produced in Entre-Deux-Mers Haut-Benauge?
Dry white.
161
?? Where is Graves de Vayres AOP located? What’s the types of wine produced here?
North of Entre-Deux-Mers area;
Dry white, sweet white, red.
162
?? What’s the type of wine from Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?
Moelleux
163
What are the RS of Moelleux and Liquoreux styles in Cotes de Bordeaux?
Blanc Moelleux: 17-45 g/l
Blanc Liquoreux: Min. 51 g/l
164
What’s the Min. Must weight of Premières Côtes de Bordeaux? Min. RS?
Minimum Must Weight: 221 g/l
Minimum Residual Sugar: 34 g/l
165
Which two AOPs of Bordeaux produce Blanc sec, moelleux and liquoreux?
Cotes de Bordeaux-Sainte-Foy, Blanc Sec, Moelleux 221g/l, 17-45g/l, 45hl/ha; Liquoreux 255g/l, 51g/l, 37hl/ha
Cotes de Bordeaux- Saint-Macaire, Blanc Sec, Moelleux221g/l, 34-45g/l, 45hl/ha;
Liquoreux 255g/l, 45g/l, 37hl/ha
166
Name 8 AOPs in Bordeaux exclusive for sweet wines? Min. Must weight, Min. RS?
Cérons, Liquoreux, min must weight 221g/l, min RS 45g/l,max yield 40hl/ha
Barsac, Liquoreux, 221g/l, 45g/l, 25hl/ha
Sauternes, Liquoreux, 221g/l, 45g/l, 25hl/ha
Graves Superieures, 221g/l, 34g/l, 40hl/ha
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux, Moelleux, 221g/l, 34g/l, 45hl/ha
Cadillac, Liquoreux, 255g/l, 51g/l, 37hl/ha
Loupiac, Liquoreux, 229g/l, 238g/l for Semillon, 45g/l, 40hl/ha
Sainte-Croix-du-Mont, 229g/l, 238g/l for Semillon, 45g/l, 40hl/ha
167
Apart from Medoc, St-Emilion-Pomerol and their satellites, which AOPs produce exclusively red wine in Bordeaux?
Canon Fronsac, Fronsac, Cotes de Bordeaux, Cotes de Bordeaux - Castillon, Cotes de Bordeaux-Cadillac, Blaye
168
Name the Blanc Sec only AOPs in Bordeaux?
Cotes de Blaye (60%-90% combo Colombard and Ugni Blanc, plus Muscadelle,SB,SG,Semillon)
Entre-deux-Mers Haut-Benauge (SB,Semillon, and Muscadelle. Max 30% Merlot Blanc, combo max. 10% Mauzac,Colombard,Ugni Blanc).
169
Bordeaux constitues how many % of France’s total vineyard area? What’s the production annually?
14% of France’s total vineyard area.
5-6million hl per year.
170
What’s the average holding of Bordeaux domaine?
14.5ha
171
How many winegrowers in Bordeaux?
8000
172
Where is the northernmost vineyards of Bordeaux located?
Saint-Vivien-de-Medoc
173
What’s the departement of Bordeaux?
Gironde
174
??Bordeaux is divided into 5 vast area subregions, which are they?
Medoc, Graves, Entre-Deux-Mers, The Right Bank, Blaye and Bourg.
175
Where is Blaye and Bourg?
Eastern bank of the Gironde.
176
?? What are the factors that affect Bordeaux’s climate?
1)Bordeaux’s climate is affected by the Atlantic Ocean, its influence fenneled inland by the Gironde river.
2)The 45th parallel runs just north of Bordeaux, but the mild Atlantic Gulf海湾Stream current大西洋湾流, bringing warm waters up from the Caribbean, keeps its climate mild.
3)The region falls into Region II on the Winkler Scale. The average temperatures in August (the hottest month) reach 26° C.
4)Annual rainfall is 950mm more than any other major wine region in France, the precipitation occurs in every month of the year, causing challenge at harvest and springtime.
5)Rain can interrupt flowering, reducing yield and inviting rot.
6)Bordeaux’s capricious climate causes the wide differences in vintage quality and resulting price fluctuation.
177
?? What are the most planted red and white grape varieties in Bordeaux?
Merlot is most planted grape in Bordeaux (and in France), 63% of the red wine vineyard in Bordeaux;
Semillon is the most planted white grape in Bordeaux (45% of white wine vineyards).
178
Cabernet Franc is the common parent of which varieties in Bordeaux?
Cab S, Merlot, Carménère
179
What’s the common parent of Merlot and Malbec?
Magdeleine Noire des Charentes
180
What are the parent varieties of Cabernet Sauvignon?
Cab F x Sauvignon Blanc
181
What are the parent varieties of Merlot?
Cabernet Franc x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes.
182
What are the parent varieties of Carménère?
Cabernet Franc x Gros Cabernet
183
What are the parent varieties of Malbec?
Magdeleine Noire des Charentes x Prunelard
184
??Why is the green character common to all related Bordeaux varieties (save Malbec除了)?
1)Cabernet Franc x Sauvignon Blanc are the genetic parents of Cabernet Sauvignon;
2)Cabernet Franc is a parent of Merlot and Carmènere:
*Merlot=Cabernet Franc and Magdeleine Noire des Charentes;
*Carmènere=Gros Cabernet x Cabernet Franc;
*Merlot and Malbec are half-sibling同父异母的兄弟with a common genetic parent, the rare Magdeleine Noire des Charentes.
(Malbec=Prunelard x Magdeleine Noire des Charentes)
*Consequently, they can share some similar characteristics in the glass. Green notes—bell pepper, grass, sage, are particularly common in Cabernet Franc, Carmenère, Cabernet Sauvignon, and Sauvignon Blanc.
185
??What’s the former name for Malbec?
Pressac Noir.
186
?? Semillon characteristics?
Thin skin is easy to get affected botrytis;
In dry wine it can be waxy and rich, a good foil衬托for the pungent aromas and acid of Sauvignon Blanc.
187
??What are the 3 regional appellations to the entire area of Bordeaux?
Bordeaux AOP, Bordeaux Supérieur AOP, Crémant de Bordeaux AOP.
188
??There is no single vineyard or single estate appellation in Bordeaux, but there is one estate is petitioning the INAO to grant it AOP status, which is this winery? Where is it located?
Château le Puy;
Located on the same rocky plateau of Saint-Émilion and Pomerol and it is part of the appellation Côtes de Bordeaux-Francs.
189
?? Where is Haut Benauge? Terroir, soil, appellation?
1)Haut Benauge is a region located within Entre-Deux-Mers, east of the Cadillac AOC.
2)The terroir is differentiated by the surrounding areas due to its higher elevation and soils, elevation is slight 85-118m but is sufficient to define an elevated ridge.
3)Soil is limestone, fossilized oyster shells, sand, gravel, and clay.
4)Haut Benauge was defined as an appellation in 1955 and designated as a sub-zone, of BOTH the Entre-Deux-Mers and the Bordeaux AOC.
5)Entre-Deux-Mers Haut Benauge: only dry white wine:(70% Sauvignon Blanc+Sauvignon Gris+Muscadelle+/Sémillon; max 30% Merlot Blanc, and combined max 10% Mauzac, Colombard, and Ugni Blanc)
6)Bordeaux Haut Benauge: white wines can be dry, off-dry, sweet (5-60g/l RS).
190
Name the 9 communes included in Haut-Benauge?
Arbis, Cantois, Escoussans, Gornac, Ladaux, Mourens, Saint-Pierre-de-Bat, Soulignac, Targon.
191
What’s the only appellation within Entre-Deux-Mers that does not have a boundary that touches one of the defining rivers (the Dordogne nor the Garonne)?
Haut-Benauge
192
Name two excellent producers of Haut Benauge?
Château Morlan-Tuilière and Château de Bertin
193
If a bottle of white wine labeled “Bordeaux Superieur”, what’s the style?
Medium sweet, min RS 17g/l
194
??Which type of wines can be produced under Bordeaux AOC? How about Bordeaux Superieur AOC?
1)Dry white, red, medium sweet white, Clairet, Rose
2)Superieur: Red and medium sweet white wines(min 17g/l RS) from the same area of Bordeaux AC, with slightly stricter conditions.
3)Bordeaux Rouge mini 10.5%abv, can be sold by the middle of January.
4)Bordeaux Superieur Rouge mini 11% abv.Bordeaux Supérieur requires red wines to undergo élevage until mid-June of the year following harvest (in old barriques, American oak and oak chips may be employed).
5)Their red are both dominated by Merlot.
6)Prices: Bordeaux AC 6euros; Bordeaux Superieur 6-15euros.
195
??How long is Cremant de Bordeaux required to be aged on lees?
9months.
196
??What’s “clairet” wine? How is it made?
1)a darker style of rosé thought to resemble the lighter red wines of the past;
2)It’s made in the saignée style to improve the quality of their reds;
3)Or longer maceration of 24-60hours(normal rose is macerated not more than 12hours) to achieve the darker color and richer body.
197
??What’s the Vin de Pays (IGP) wine in Bordeaux? Which departements are included ?
Wine style?
1)Atlantique IGP;
2)5 departements: Gironde,
the Cognac-producing departements of Charente and Charente-Maritime,
Dordogne, and the western part of Lot-et-Garonne.
3)Red, white, rose from wide range of varieties: from Cab S to Meunier to Chardonnay.
198
Where are the producers of Atlantique IGP often located?
Bergerac, Duras, Cognac.
199
??The motto of Baron Philippe de Rothschild?
“Premier je suis. Second je fus. Mouton ne change.”(First I am. Second I was. Mouton doesn’t change.)
200
??What’s Liv-Ex Classification?
In the manner of the original 1855 Classification, the London International Vintners Exchange (Liv-Ex) has published a biennial list of the top wines of Bordeaux since 2009. This list is based on current trading prices on the exchange and only Left Bank red wines are considered.While the Liv-Ex Classification is an imperfect snapshot that can be heavily influenced by trends, it may be a better indicator of current performance.
201
??The American disease arrived in Bordeaux?
1852, Oidium (powdery mildew)白粉病
1869-1880s, Phylloxera
1880s, Downy mildew霜霉病
202
??When was Bordeaux mixture created?
In 1888, a copper sulfate-lime concoction一种硫酸铜与石灰的混合物.
203
??What’s the fourth-most planted red grapes in Bordeaux in 2011?
Villard Noir, a hybrid, which was planted after the Phylloxera by the smaller operations as a cheaper option (than嫁接).
204
??What are the all-time great vintages of Bordeaux after the World War?
1945, all-time great vintage!Followed by 1947, 1949.
205
??Which winery was the first château to begin estate-bottling its entire production? In which year?
When did estate-bottling become common in Bordeaux? When did château bottling become compulsory必须的for classified estates in the Médoc?
1)Mouton-Rothschild, in 1924;
2)1960s;
3)1972.
206
??Name the most famous wine consultants of Bordeaux?
Emile Peynaud, Michel Rolland, Stéphane Derenoncourt, Denis Dubourdieu.
207
?? Emile Peynaud?
He consulted not just in Bordeaux but also in California, Chile, Spain, Peru, Mexico and elsewhere. In Italy, he worked for Antinori on its super Tuscan reds, Solaia and Tignanello; in Chile, for Concha y Toro; and in Bordeaux for classified-growths ranging from Margaux to fifth-growth Lynch-Bages in Pauillac.
208
?? Stéphane Derenoncourt?
Derenoncourt and his team now works with a populous portfolio of estates in Bordeaux and elsewhere, including Domaine de Chevalier, Clos Fourtet, Clos de l'Oratoire and Chateaux Pavie-Macquin, Chateau Malescasse, Canon-la-Gaffelière, La Gaffelière, Petit Village, Smith Haut Lafitte, Brown, Les Carmes Haut-Brion, Rol Valentin, Prieuré-Lichine and Beauséjour Duffau-Lagarrosse. In June 2008, Derenoncourt and Vignerons Consultants was hired by Francis Ford Coppola to work on the Napa Valley property Rubicon Estate Winery. Other Derenoncourt projects abroad include engagements in Italy, Austria, Spain, Turkey, in Syria with Domaine de Bargylus, and in Beqaa Valley, Lebanon with Château Marsyas.
209
??为什么大部分波尔多酒庄都被出售了？??Why are most Bordeaux wineries sold?
in all of France, one’s descendants (or other close relatives in the absence of children) are entitled to equal shares in any property held upon one’s death, but all heirs are required to pay an inheritance tax—and that tax can reach almost 50% of the value of the property! 遗产税太高
210
??What’s the vineyard density in Medoc? How about Saint-Emilion and Pomerol? And the Canopy height? Which AOC has the lowest vineyard density in Bordeaux?
1)Medoc requires the highest vineyard density in Bordeaux, which is mini 7000vines per hectare(1x1m spacing).
Canopy height is the smallest in Medoc, bunches hang 1 meter off the ground to take advantage of the stony soils’ radiant辐射heat.
2)5500vines per hectares for Saint-Emilion and Pomerol(1.3-1.5m spacing); canopy is higher.
3)Entre-Deux-Mers (vines may be separated by up to 2.5m spacing).
211
??What’s the common training system in Bordeaux?
Guyot: Double Guyot on left bank, Single Guyot on right bank.
212
??Which vineyards in Bordeaux using Cordon training?
Sweet wine area, traditional in Sauternes, Cordon-training produces smaller berries that attract botrytis. (Guyot cane-training produces slightly larger berries that tend to develop grey rot instead)
213
Is De-stemming common in Bordeaux?
It’s routine for Bordeaux red wines
214
To reduce vigor and produce smaller berries, what is common practice in Bordeaux vineyards?
Green-harvest ( bunches are removed during the summer months).
215
To concentrate must, which methods could be used in Bordeaux well-funded wineries?
vacuum distillation, reverse osmosis
216
??What’s Cliquage?
Small doses of oxygen are added to the finished wine in barrel, is used to simulate the larger oxygen exposure traditionally occurs through racking.即向桶中的成品酒施加中等剂量的氧气，用于模拟传统上通过货架完成的更大的氧气暴露. Critics think that it produces short-term gain at the expense of long-term stability批评者认为这种方法用长期稳定性来换取短期利益。
217
??Sources of grapes/wines used to produce second wine?
1)From lots rejected for the grand vin at assemblage;
2)Young vine parcels that lack the maturity needed for the grand vin;
3)Specific vineyards solely for second wine production;
4)Some producers purchase entirely separate chateau and use the name of the new estate for a second wine.
218
??Name one leading unclassified estate of Haut-Medoc?
Chateau Sociando-Mallet, Saint-Seurin-de-Cadourne, Haut Medoc.
219
??Where is Chateau Sociando-Mallet located? Who is the owner?
In the commune of Saint-Seurin-de-Cadourne, north of the Saint-Estephe.
Jean Gautreau, who do not enter the “Cru Bourgeois” classification on the label.
220
What’s the second label of Chateau Sociando-Mallet?
La Demoiselle de Sociando-Mallet
221
What’s the southern boundary of Saint-Estèphe that divides Chateau Cos d’Estournel from Chateau Lafite-Rothschild?
Jalle de Breuil
222
What’s the % of Merlot in Saint-Estephe total vineyard planting?
40%
223
What’s the % of Cab S in Pauillac’s total encepagement?
70-80%
224
Name the four communes included in Saint-Julien AOP?
Saint-Julien-Beychevelle, Cussac-Fort-Médoc, Pauillac, Saint-Laurent-Médoc
225
What’s the % of Saint-Julien’s production controled by Grand Cru Classe?
85%
226
What’s the style of Saint-Julien?
Elegant without being Margaux, firm without the power of Pauillac.
227
??Which are the two leading producers of Moulis-en-Medoc?
Chateau Poujeaux, Moulis-en-Medoc
Chateau Chasse-Spleen
228
??What’s Cru Artisan?
*It was formally recognized in 2002, beginning in 2005, 44 small producers throughout the Medoc’s 8 appellations, denoting their places as exceptional craft of winemaking, without large-scale operation.
*The crus artisans work an average of 6 hectares each.
*review in 2018, number decreased to 36 (caused by the changes in ownership).
*The ranking will now be updated every 5 years instead of 10 years previously.
*In 2023, the number of producers has decreased to 33 (reflecting changes in ownership).
229
??What’s the soil type of Graves?
1)Gravel soil (deposited by the shifting course of the Garonne over many millennia是加龙河数千年来的移动沉积下来的), this is clearest in the northern part of Graves which resemble those of Medoc;
2)In the south, there is a larger proportion of sand and limestone.
230
?? Which types of wines are produced under Graves AOC and Graves Supérieur AOC?
Graves: dry red and dry white
Graves Superieur: only sweet white with min 34g/l RS (normally 40-50g/l)
231
??The Pessac-Leognan AOP was created under whose effert? When was Pessac-Leognan AOP created? Which types of wines are produced under this AOP?
André Lurton (Couhins), when he was president of the Syndicat de Hautes Graves in mi-1970s.
In 1987 by INAO.
Both dry white and red.
232
?? Is 1974 a good vintage for Chateau d’Yquem?
No, Chateau d’Yquem famously conducted 11 tries尝试 over ten weeks and rejected the final wine.没有发布这个年份。
233
??What’s the RS range of Sauternes?
120-160g/l (min 45g/l by law)
234
??A dry white wine from Sauternes or Barsac region can take which AOC?
Bordeaux AOP.
235
??What’s the inaugural vintage of Y de Chateau d’Yquem? Since which year it’s produced annually?
1959, since 2004.
236
??Which type of wine is produced under Cérons AOP? Name the 3 communes can produce Cérons wines?
Sweet white wine; Communes: Cérons, Podensac, and Illats
237
What’s the difference between Cerons and Barsac&Sauternes in terms of style?
Botrytis develops less reliably in Cerons than in Sauternes, permitted yields in Cerons are higher, resulting wines less concentrated.
238
??Which region in Bordeaux has the highest percentage of Chinese-owned estates?
Right bank, Fronsac.
239
Which part of St-Emilion has more gravel rather than clay and planting more Cabernet Franc? Which famous chateaux are located here?
The northwestern sector of the plateau near the gravelly terrace of Pomerol.
Chateau Figeac - more Cabernet Sauvignon
Chateau Cheval Blanc - more Cabernet Franc
240
Saint-Emilion is between white two rivers?
Dordogne and Barbanne
241
The vineyards of the Libournais are crossed by which two rivers?
Isle and Barbanne.
242
Which river is the border of Pomerol and Lalande de Pomerol?
Barbanne
243
Which river is the northern border of Saint-Emilion?
Barbanne
244
What’s La Jurade?
Wine promotional organization of Saint-Emilion, supports the marketing of Saint-Emilion, Lussac, Puisseguin.
245
Which celebration is held by Jurade?
Ban des Vendanges.
246
Name the four chateaux withdrew from Saint-Emilion Classification in 2022?
Cheval Blanc, Angelus, Ausone, Chateau La Gaffelière
247
Where is buttonière ?
An area of deep blue clay at Pomerol’s highest and easternmost point, just spanning 20ha.
248
Merlot makes up how many % of the total vineyard area in Pomerol?
70%
249
Who is the largest producer of Cabernet Sauvignon in Pomerol?
Chateau de Sales:47.8-ha, planted to 73% Merlot, 15% Cabernet Sauvignon and 12% Cabernet Franc.
250
Where is Maillet?
A hamlet lies due east of Petrus in Pomerol.
251
Where is Chateau Le Bon Pasteur? What is it known for?
Pomerol, in the hamlet村of Maillet, east of Petrus;
Former owner is Michel Rolland before 2013, sale to Chinese interests.
252
??What’s the wine style of Pomerol?
one can find late-picked, supple, ultra-rich styles seemingly plucked from the New World, and hard-edged, tannic, backward examples that remain steadfastly in the Old.
253
??Which Chateau was owned by Michel Rolland before 2013 in Pomerol? Who is the current owner?
Chateau le Bon Pasteur, Pomerol; current owner is Chinese interests中国利益集团
254
Which river separates Fronsac from Lalande-de-Pomerol? Which river divides Fronsac from the Entre-Deux-Mers?
Isle River separates Fronsac from Lalande-de-Pomerol;
Dordogne divides Fronsac from the Entre-deux-Mers.
255
Where are the best hillside sites located in Fronsac?
In the communes of Saillans and La Rivière
256
Where is Saillans?
Communes in Fronsac
257
Where is La Rivière?
Communes in Fronsac
258
Which AOP is held in higher regard between Canon Fronsac and Fronsac?
Canon Fronsac
259
What’s Fronsadais mollasse?
A mixture of soft limestone and clay
260
Which part of Fronsac and Canon Fronsac have greater proportion of limestone?
High on the slopes and plateau
261
Name two top producers in Canon Fronsac?
Château Grand-Renouil and Château Gaby
262
What’s the largest property in Fronsac?
Château de La Rivière.
263
Which chateau is owned by Michel Rolland in Fronsac?
Chateau Fontenil
264
??Name 3 best estates in Fronsac?
Chateau Dalem, Chateau de la Dauphine, Chateau Fontenil (owned by Michel Rolland);
265
?? Name the four satellite appellations of Saint-Emilion?
Montagne-Saint-Emilion
Saint-Georges-Saint-Emilion
Lussac-Saint-Emilion
Puisseguin-Saint-Emilion
266
What’s the terroir of the St-Emilion Satellites compare to St-Emilion?
Satellites are hillier and cooler, harvests occurring after St-Emilion.
267
Which river divides St-Emilion from the satellites?
Barbanne River
268
Which satellite of St-Emilion produces the greatest volume of wines?
Montagne-St-Emilion
269
Which satellite is within Montagne-St-Emilion?
Saint-Georges-Saint-Emilion
270
Which satellite of St-Emilion is the smallest in both size and production?
Saint-Georges-Saint-Emilion
271
Which satellite of St-Emilion is the highest in elevation?
Puisseguin (one of the last places in right bank to harvest)
272
Which satellite of St-Emilion borders Castillon?
Puisseguin
273
What’s the northernmost satellite of St-Emilion?
Lussac
274
?? Which satellite appellation of Saint-Emilion is the latest for harvest?
Puisseguin Saint-Emilion (highest elevation)
275
Name one most serious producer in Lussac-St-Emilion?
Château La Rose Perrière
276
?? Where is Chateau La Rose Perrière located? Who is the owner?
In Lussac Saint-Emilion
Bordeaux-based tonnellerie Sylvain
277
Where is Néac?
Commune in Lalande-de-Pomerol
278
?? What’s the satellite appellation of Pomerol?
Lalande-de-Pomerol
279
Since when Entre-Deux-Mers can produce red wine?
2023
280
?? Is there red wine produced in Entre-Deux-Mers region? Which grape variety?
Yes; Merlot dominates
281
What’s the elevation of Entre-deux-Mers?
100m
282
?? Name four sweet white wine only appellations on the right bank of Bordeaux? Which are affected by botrytis?
Premières Côtes de Bordeaux AOP
Cadillac, Loupiac, and Sainte-Croix-du-Mont (these three are affected by botrytis)
283
?? Name the three sweet wine appellations lie within the Premieres Cotes?
Cadillac, Loupiac, Sainte-Croix-du-Mont
284
?? What’s the dominant grape in Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux?
Semillon
285
?? What’s the mini RS of Premiere Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?
34g/l
286
?? Which AOP in the “land between the seas” that do not overlap the Entre-Deux-Mers？
Graves de Vayres
287
Where is Graves de Vayres? White types of wine are produced?
Between Entre-deux-Mers and Canon Fronsac, southern bank of Dordogne.
Blanc Sec,sweet and Rouge
288
Where is Sainte-Foy? White types of wine are produced?
Between Entre-Deux-Mers and Bergerac;
Blanc sec, moelleux, liquoreux, rouge
289
?? When was Sainte-Foy absorbed into the Cotes de Bordeaux AOP?
2016
290
What are the four disconnected sectors of Côtes de Bordeaux AOP?Which is an extension of the limestone côtes of Saint-Émilion?
1)Cadillac, which spans the Premières Côtes de Bordeaux on the western side of the Entre-deux-Mers;
2)Côtes de Bordeaux-Francs and Castillon, adjacent to the eastern borders of St-Emilion and Puisseguin-St-Emilion.
3)Côtes de Bordeaux-Sainte-Foy: a large erea between Entre-Deux-Mers and Bergerac
4)Côtes de Bordeaux-Blaye:Eastern bank of the Gironde
5)Castillon is the extention of the limestone côtes of Saint-Émilion.
291
Who is the star producer of Bourg? Who is the owner?
Château Roc de Cambes; François Mitjaville
292
What’s the AOP of Y de Chateau d’Yquem?
Bordeaux Superieur Blanc
293
Where is Chateau Siran?
Margaux
294
What’s the white wine of Angelus? First vintage? grapes and appellation?
Angelus Grand Vin Blanc, first vintage 2020, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Sémillon,
Vin de Pays de l’Atlantique; but stop
295
What are the new cuvees of Angelus?grapes?where are they produced?first vintage?
Clos de Milieu - Merlot; Castillon Cotes de Bordeaux
Blanc de Milieu - Sauvignon Blanc, Semillon,Chardonnay and Chenin Blanc, IGP Vin de Pays de l'Atlantique
Both situated in the commune of Castillon-la-Bataille. From 2020
296
What’s the new release of Chateau d’Yquem?
2022
297
Where is Liber Pater wine made from?appellation?who is the winemaker? What’s unique? What’s the first vintage?
Graves, VDP, Loic Pasquet is the founder and winemaker.
High intensity of planting 20000vines per ha, ungrafted vines, white vines average 85yrs old, red 40years old, with extremelly low yield 15ha/ha, one of the most expensive wines (2000euro/bot)
First vintage 2006
298
What’s the Haut-Medoc wine of Beychevelle?
Les Brulieres de Beychevelle
299
What’s the previous second white wine of Chateau Haut Brion?
Les Plantiers du Haut Brion
300
What’s the second label of Chateau Margaux white?first vintage?
Pavillon Blanc second vin, Since 2022
301
Which vintages in Bordeaux are successful year for botrytis?
13,14,07,11
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
