quiz

Question 1

What are the functions of the nervous system

Answer 1

-sensory input (receptors that sense info)
-integration (sensory info gets to control center
-motor output (carried by motor nuerons act as effectors

Question 2

What is the organization of the nervous system

Answer 2

-CNS
:brain
:spinal cord

-PNS
:sensory/afferent division (brings info in)
:motor/efferent (taking out info)
-somatic nervous system;
targets skeletal muscle
voluntary
-autonomic nervous system
targets cardiac, smooth, and glands
-involuntary

Question 3

What division of the motor/efferent is further divided?

Answer 3

autonomic nervous system
-sympathetic
-parasympathethic

Question 4

sympathetic

Answer 4

fight or flight (inc heart rate)

Question 5

parasympathetic

Answer 5

rest and digst (conserve energy
-decrease heart rate
-increase saliva

Question 6

neuroglia

Answer 6

supporting cells
-mitotic (usually origin of tumoirs)

Question 7

What cells are in the CNS

Answer 7

-astrocytes
-microglia
-ependymal
-oligodendrocytes

Question 8

What cells are in the PNS?

Answer 8

satellite
-schwann

Question 9

astrocytes

Answer 9

-most abundant
-encircles blood vessels
functio: creates/helps barrier between blood stream and brain (blood brain barrier)

Question 10

microglia

Answer 10

-phagocytes in CNS (fixed)
-clean up, engulf pathogens

Question 11

ependymal

Answer 11

-ciliated
-produce cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)

Question 12

oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

-arms that wrap around axons (myelin gaps)
function: form myelin sheath

Question 13

satellite cells

Answer 13

-surround cell body of nueron
function: protection for cell body of PNS nueron

Question 14

schwann cells

Answer 14

-small only one blue part
function: form the myelin sheath around axon in PNS

Question 15

nueron characteristics

Answer 15

-irritable (can respond to a signal)
-amitotic: no longer divide when mature (quiescent) (no cancer)
-extreme longevity
-require oxygen and glucose (high metabolic rate aerobic dependent on GLUCOSE)

Question 16

parts of the nueron

Answer 16

-soma
-dendrite
-axon

Question 17

dendrite

Answer 17

-recieve info

Question 18

axon

Answer 18

-output info
-ACTION POTENTIALS

Question 19

nodes of ranvier

Answer 19

-gaps in myelin sheath

Question 20

structural classification of neurons

Answer 20

-multipolar
-bipolar
-unipolar

Question 21

multipolar

Answer 21

many extensions
one axon
-many dendrites
LOCAY: purkinkie cell of cerebellum , pyramidal cell

Question 22

bipolar nueron

Answer 22

-two processes, one axon, many dendrites
LOCAY: olfactory cell, retinal cell

Question 23

unipolar

Answer 23

one extension one axon, many dendrites
LOCAY: dorsal root ganglion cell

Question 24

functional classifications for nuerons

Answer 24

-sensory
-motor/efferent
-interneurons/association nuerons

Question 25

sensory/afferent nuerons

Answer 25

-conduct TO CNS -transmit TO

Question 26

motor/efferent

Answer 26

-transmit out to target/ AWAY FROM CNS

Question 27

internuerons

Answer 27

connecting nuerons in CNS -bridge between two other types -in CNS

Question 28

what is the largest type of structursl nuerons

Answer 28

multipolar

Question 29

What is the largest type of functional nuerons

Answer 29

interneurons

Question 30

types of membrane ion channels

Answer 30

-leakage (not regulated) c-hemically gated: regulation in form of chemicals (nuerotransmitter) -mechanically-gated: open due to motion -voltage gated: change in membrane potential

Question 31

resting membrane potential

Answer 31

-70 mv Na+ (OUT) -K+ (INSIDE) -Ca+ (OUT) -Cl- (OUT)

Question 32

excitatory

Answer 32

-closer to threshold

Question 33

action potential

Answer 33

-requires threshold -occurs along axons -all or nothibg

Question 34

what causes depolarization

Answer 34

-opening of voltage gated sodium channels

Question 35

what causes repolarization

Answer 35

-opening of VG-potassium channels

Question 36

action potential vs graded potential

Answer 36

action: all or nothing, happens or doesnt -trasmit garded: can occur in various amounts -t

Question 37

hyperpolarization

Answer 37

membrane potential gets more negative -sodium/potassium pump restablishes resting state

Question 38

repolarization

Answer 38

VG potassium open, Na closed

Question 39

depolarization

Answer 39

Na VG open

Question 40

traits of action potentials

Answer 40

1: require voltage-gated ion channels that open only at a certain threshold -occur along axons -depolarization is due to opeining VG sodium channels -repolarization is due to opening of VG potassium channels -all or none -not graded in amplitude -not summated -conducted/propogated without decrement (self-propogating) and are good for long distances -original stimulus is coded for by the number of action potentials generated per second (frequency of impulse transmission) which determines the amount (quanta) of nuerotransmitter released from axon terminal

Question 41

phases of action potential

Answer 41

1: resting 2: depolarization 3: repolarization

Question 42

resting state

Answer 42

-70 mv -all Vg are closed, no ions moving