Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

kinesiol 2y03 > quiz 3 > Flashcards

quiz 3 Flashcards

(32 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

name: func. of connective tissues

A
  • enclose org.
  • connect tissues to each other
    ⤷ also separates tissues
  • support + mvt. (bones)
    ⤷ bones are also store of calcium
  • storage (fat)
  • cushion + insulate (fat)
  • transport (blood)
  • protect (cells in immune sys.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name + explain/define: cells in CT (5)

A
  1. blasts: create extracellular matrix
  2. cytes: maintain matrix
  3. clasts: break matrix for remodeling
  4. macrophages: engulf + digest things that shouldn’t be in tissue
    ⤷ come from WBC
  5. masts: secrete heparin (histamine)
    ⤷ allergy -> release of histamine
    ⤷ assoc. w/ inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name: components of extracellular matrix (2)

A
  1. protein fibers
  2. ground substance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name + explain: protein fibers in extracellular matrix (3)

A
  1. collagen
    - most common prot.
    - strong, flexible, inelastic
    - thick fibers
    - fibers running in one direction along one length ∴ strong
  2. reticular
    - fills spaces between tissues + org.
    - thin fibers
    - fibers aligned in many directions (irreg.)
  3. elastic
    - returns to OG shape after distension/compression
    - has prot. elastin
    - cross linked mol.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain: ground substance in extracellular matrix

A
  • proteoglycans = long prot. core w/ many polysacch.
    ⤷ most common polysacch. = glycoaminoglycans
  • proteoglycans aggregate held by hyaluronic A
  • hold water
    ⤷ dep. on type of CT, may want more/less water in ground subs.
  • adhesion prot. hold agg. together + allow to attach to other things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

name: types of mature CT (3)

A
  1. CT proper
  2. supporting CT
  3. fluid CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain: types of mature CT (3)

A
  1. CT proper
  • loose = less prot. fibers, more ground subs.
    ⤷ areolar (collagen), adipose, reticular
  • dense = more prot. fibers, less ground subs.
    ⤷ reg./irreg. collagenous, reg./irreg. elastic
  1. supporting CT
    - cartilage and bone
  2. fluid CT
    - blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

question: types of prot. fibers in regular collagenous vs regular elastic

A
  • regular collagenous = doesn’t really have elastic
    ⤷ mostly collagenous tissue
  • regular elastic = has a little collagen
    ⤷ collagen for a little strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

explain: loose areolar tissue (ex., func., struc., location)

A
  • ex. skin
  • loose packing mat. of most org.+ tissues
  • attaches skin to tissue underneath
  • collagen, reticular, elastic
  • has many cell types
    ⤷ macrophages, WBC, fibroblasts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain: adipose tissue (ex., func., struc., location)

A
  • ex. near areolar tissue
  • specialised to store triglycerides
  • serves as E store, support/protection for org., insulation/thermoreg.
  • stored as either visceral/subcutaneous
  • quite densely packed
  • organelles pushed to side of cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

explain: dense reg. collagenous CT (ex., func., struc., location)

A
  • ex. tendons and ligaments
  • abundant collagen in same direction
  • tendons = muscle to bone
  • ligament = bone to bone
  • resists stretching
  • strong along direction of fibers
    ⤷ but weak in other direction
    ⤷ easy injury/tearing in other direction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

explain: dense irreg. collagenous CT (ex., func., struc., location)

A
  • ex. dermis, scars, capsules in kidney/spleen
  • fibers arrang. in random network
    ⤷ not really random
    ⤷ in many directions
  • strong in many directions
    ⤷ but not as strong as dense reg. collagenous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

explain: dense reg. elastic CT (ex., func., struc., location)

A
  • ex. vocal folds, nuchal ligament
  • mostly elastic (some collagen)
    ⤷ collagen gives strength
    ⤷ need to be elastic when vocal chords stretch or positioning of head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

explain: dense irreg. elastic CT (ex., func., struc., location)

A
  • ex. elastic arteries
  • bundles and sheets of collagenous + elastic fibers
  • mostly elastic (some collagen)
  • need stretchy in many directions (irreg.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

recap: where is each type of CT found?

A

LOOSE AREOLAR
- skin

ADIPOSE
- adipose tissue

DENSE REG COLLAGENOUS
- tendons and ligaments

DENSE IRREG COLLAGENOUS
- dermis (skin)
- scars
- kidney and spleen

DENSE REG ELASTIC
- vocal folds

DENSE IRREG ELASTIC
- elastic arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name + explain: func. of nervous sys. (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. sensory
    ⤷ sensing changes through recept.
  2. motor
    ⤷ resp. to stim.
  3. integrative
    ⤷ analyze incoming sensory info
    ⤷ store info
    ⤷ makes decisions

**neurons can be one of the three func. not a mix

17
Q

name: components of CNS vs PNS

Study These Flashcards
A
  • CNS
    ⤷ brain
    ⤷ spinal cord
  • PNS
    ⤷ nerves
    ⤷ sensory recep.
18
Q

name + define: components of PNS (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • sensory recep.: ending of neurons or sep. specialized cells that detect things
  • nerve: bundle of axons + their sheaths
    ⤷ connect CNS to sensory recep., musc., glands
    ⤷ 12 cranial nerves, 31 spinal nerves
  • ganglion: collection of neuron cell bodies outside CNS
  • plexus: network of axons (nerves)
19
Q

name + define: divisions of PNS (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. sensory/afferent
    - transmits action potentials from recep. to CNS
  2. motor/efferent
    - transmits action potentials from CNS to effectors
20
Q

name + define: divisions of PNS sensory division (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. general senses: recep. throughout body
  2. special sense: recep. in specific organs
21
Q

name: division of PNS motor division (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. somatic NS
  2. autonomic NS
    a) sympathetic
    b) parasympathetic
  3. enteric NS
22
Q

explain: somatic NS

Study These Flashcards
A
  • division of PNS
  • CNS for skeletal sys.
  • voluntary
  • single neuron sys.
  • synapse w/ muscle sys.
23
Q

explain: autonomic NS

Study These Flashcards
A
  • division of PNS
  • CNS to smooth musc., cardiac musc., glands
  • involuntary
  • 2 neuron sys.
    ⤷ from CNS to ganglion, from ganglion to effector
  • 2 types

a) sympathetic
- prep. body for any physical activity
- increases heart rate
- fight vs flight

b) parasympathetic
- regulates resting func.
- active when body not physical
- decreases heart rate

24
Q

explain: enteric NS

Study These Flashcards
A
  • division of PNS
  • plexuses w/in wall of digestive tract
  • controls tract indep. of CNS
  • sensory: monitor chem. envrt. + stretching of walls
  • motor: contracting musc. + control secretions of GI organs
25
describe: order of structures when perceiving motor stim (ex. seeing a bear) (8)
1. sensory recep. 2. afferent neuron 3. CNS 4. 1st efferent neuron 5. automatic ganglion 6. 2nd efferent neuron 7. synapse w/ heart 8. heart rate increase receptor -> sensory NS -> CNS -> motor NS -> effector
26
name + define: nervous sys. cells (2)
1. neurons/nerve cells - receive stim. + transmit action potential to other neurons or effectors 2. neuroglia/glial cells - non-neural cells (no action potential) - protect + support neurons
27
name: types of neurons using func. (3) and struc. (3) classifications
FUNC. 1. sensory/afferent: actional potential towards CNS 2. motor/efferent: AP away from CNS 3. interneurons/association neurons: w/in CNS from 1 neuron to another STRUC. 1. multipolar: many dendrites, 1 axon 2. bipolar: 1 dendrite, 1, axon 3. unipolar (pseudo-unipolar): single process ⤷ divides into 2 branches
28
name + explain: supporting cells in CNS (4)
1. astrocytes ⤷ star shaped ⤷ releases chem. to form tight junctions ⤷ helps regulate mvt. in and out - formed blood brain barrier to protect against toxic subs. 2. ependymal ⤷ cuboidal/columnar shaped ⤷ in ventricles of brain, central canal of spinal cord - helps form choroid plexus -> prod. cerebral spinal fluid ⤷ ciliated to help move cerebral spinal fluid through ventricles 3. microglia ⤷ specialized macrophages ⤷ remove unwanted subs. and dead tissue in CNS ⤷ remove via phagocytosis 4. oligodendrocytes ⤷ forms myelin sheath around several axons ⤷ wrap around axon many times ⤷ CNS equivalent to schwann cells ⤷ propagate and increase rate of action potential
29
name + explain: supporting cells in PNS
1. schwann cells ⤷ wrap around axon many times ⤷ form myelin sheath around only 1 axon ⤷ PNS equivalent to oligodendrocytes ⤷ propagate and increase rate of action potential 2. satellite cells ⤷ surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia ⤷ provides nutrients to cell body ⤷ flatenned cell over neuron body
30
name: white and gray matter in CNS vs PNS
CNS - white = tract: bundle of mye. axons - gray = nucleus: collection of neuron cell bodies PNS - whites: nerves - gray: ganglion
31
define: white vs gray matter
- white = myelinated axons - gray = unmyelinated axons ⤷ decision making ⤷ synapses
32
name: location of white and gray matter in spinal cord + brain
SPINAL CORD - white = outer - gray = inner (in H shape) BRAIN - white = inner - gray = outer

kinesiol 2y03 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions