quiz 4

Question 1

Two nervous systems

Answer 1

central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS)

Question 2

Parts of the CNS

Answer 2

Brain neurons and spinal cord, two functions: receive info from body sends to brain, takes info from brain sends to body

Question 3

Parts of PNS

Answer 3

2 divisions: somatic or skeletal division (controls voluntary actions) and autonomic (involuntary-automatic functions- digestion, respiration; sympathetic, parasympathetic)

Question 4

Sympathetic

Answer 4

fight or flight

Question 5

Parasympathetic

Answer 5

rest/calm

Question 6

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic are…

Answer 6

responses triggered by neurotransmitters

Question 7

Endocrine system

Answer 7

made up of ductless glands, secrete hormones- chemical messengers (bloodstream), pituitary gland- “master gland”- located in brain- under the control of the hypothalamus

Question 8

Major glands

Answer 8

thyroid, pineal, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries/testes

Question 9

Thyroid

Answer 9

metabolism

Question 10

Pineal

Answer 10

sleep-wake cycles

Question 11

Adrenal glands

Answer 11

excites nervous system

Question 12

Pancreas

Answer 12

blood sugar

Question 13

Ovaries/testes

Answer 13

sex hormones

Question 14

Brain and spinal cord

Answer 14

protected by layer of 3 thin membranes (meninges), bathed in cerebrospinal fluid to cushion and transport nutrients and waste; 3 sections of brain: hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

Question 15

Hindbrain

Answer 15

brainstem- oldest part of the brain (reptilian), medulla oblongata- heart rate and breathing, pons- sleeping and coordination between right and left side of body, cerebellum- voluntary movement and balance, reflexes

Question 16

Midbrain

Answer 16

generally helps generate movement in response to sensory input, reticular formation extends from hindbrain through midbrain- filters and relays information: vision, hearing, arousal (sleep/wake), coordinates motor response

Question 17

Forebrain

Answer 17

processing information related to: complex cognitive activities, sensory and associative (link) functions, voluntary motor activities; cerebum, uttermost layer… cerebral cortex; 2 hemispheres- right and left connected by corpus callosum; deep within the center is the limbric system

Question 18

Cerebral cortex

Answer 18

about a quarter inch thick, gray matter: glial cells, neuron cells bodies and axons, white matter: myelinated axons extending inward from cortex; has a wrinkled appearance consisting of folds, grooves, and bulges; sulci and gyri, allows a larger surface area to fit into the skull; humans have most wrinkled/can hold more in skull

Question 19

4 lobes

Answer 19

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

Question 20

Frontal lobe

Answer 20

higher-level cognitive function, planning, judgement, personality

Question 21

Parietal lobe

Answer 21

spatial abilities and sensory integration

Question 22

Occipital lobe

Answer 22

visual cortex

Question 23

Temporal lobe

Answer 23

auditory cortex

Question 24

Limbic system

Answer 24

4 interconnected structures, emotion, motivation, and memory, basic drives; hunger, sex, aggression; fight or flight

Question 25

4 parts of limbic system

Answer 25

thalamus- processes sensory information and relays messages hypothalamus- motivation and emotion- pleasure center- food, water, and sex, directs activity of pituitary gland (homeostasis) amygdala- related to fear and aggression hippocampus- memory functions

Question 26

Reflex arc

Question 27

Hemispheres

Answer 27

Each hemisphere controls different things, right hemisphere control left side, left hemisphere controls right side; Corpus callosum communicates between the 2 halves; left visual field- right hemisphere, right visual field- left hemisphere

Question 28

Split brain

Answer 28

difference in hemispheric function were demonstrated after split-brain operation; operation is used to stop or reduce recurring epileptic seizures

Question 29

What did researchers conclude about the two hemispheres in most people

Answer 29

left hemisphere is superior in language abilities, speech, reading, and writing; right hemisphere is more involved in nonverbal emotional expression and visual-spatial tasks

Question 30

Cortical localization

Answer 30

different functions are located or localized in different areas of the brain

Question 31

2 specialized cortex

Answer 31

motor cortex- body movement, somatosensory cortex- receives sensory info from body

Question 32

2 specialized areas

Answer 32

Broca's area- left frontal lobe, area responsible for forming speech with mouth (damaged? can comprehend language but cant speak) Wernickes area- left temporal lobe, area responsible for listening, meaningful speech and comprehension (damaged? can speak quickly and easily but speech is often nonsensical)

Question 33

Aphasia

Answer 33

impaired use of language

Question 34

Neuroplasticity

Answer 34

ability to change function and structure