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test 5 Flashcards

(43 cards)

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1
Q

What is Abnormal?

A

Outside the range of normal – not typical..atypical (Typicality)
Abnormal is not always negative

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2
Q

3 D’s of Abnormal Behavior

A

Dysfunction
Distress
Deviance

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3
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

Set of behavioral, emotional, and cognitive symptoms that are significantly distressing and disabling in terms of social functioning, work endeavors, and other aspects of life
Study of this area is called psychopathology

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4
Q

Classification of Disorders

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Classification
Currently DSM 5
Over 260 Disorders in 20 Categories

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5
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Primary feature of these disorders is anxiety
Anxiety - dread, foreboding, nervousness, vague uneasiness – psychological and physiological

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6
Q

What is the difference between fear and anxiety?

A

Fear is a response to perceived threat vs Anxiety is worry about a threat that has not or may not happen

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7
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

Long lasting, on going, persistent, excessive worry and apprehension about many things
Anxiety is free-
Symptoms: muscle tension, restlessness, fatigue/sleep issues, irritable, concentration issues, easily startled, nausea, difficulty breathing

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8
Q

Panic Attack and Panic Disorder

A

Disorder: repeated attacks and worry about having another attack
Attack: episode of extreme, intense panic lasting 30 seconds to 10 minutes - no trigger
Symptoms: Chest pains, choking sensation, fear of dying or going crazy, sweating, trembling, nausea

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9
Q

Phobias

A

Intense irrational fear of anxiety about a situation or object
Three categories:
Specific Phobia: fear of objects, animals, or situations
Social (Phobia) Anxiety Disorder: fear of embarrassment or humiliation in public
Agoraphobia: fear of leaving ones home

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10
Q

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A

Traumatic event occurring to self or others is the trigger

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11
Q

Obsessive Compulsive disorder

A

Obsessions: uncontrollable thoughts
Compulsions: uncontrollable rigid behaviors

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12
Q

Depressive Disorders

A

“Mood Disorders”
Treatable with therapy and meds
Impacts more women than men (ruminate)

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13
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Persistent depressed mood… intense
Lasts at least 2 weeks, gaps between episodes

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14
Q

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A

Major Depressive Disorder which occurs during the winter months of low sunlight and rainy climates

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15
Q

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A

less severe form of depression but still impacts functioning
lasts at least 2 years

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16
Q

Bipolar and Related Disorders

A

Symptoms: extreme mood swings, elevated self esteem, highly excited, need little sleep, risky behavior
Cyclothymic disorder: less intense and must last 2 years or more

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17
Q

Bipolar 1

A

More severe highs (mania) followed by hypomania or Depressive episode. May not experience depression
Mania could trigger psychosis
Onset adolescence/early 20’s

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18
Q

Bipolar 2

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A

One severe Depressive episode followed by hypomania (not full mania)
Symptoms are similar to BP1 but the mania is not as intense… depression can be more extreme than BP1
Usually does not trigger psychosis

19
Q

Cyclothymic Disorder

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A

Bipolar 3
Less intense than BP2
Symptoms are similar to BP2 but less intense
Frequent mood swings… cycle on more days

20
Q

Schizophrenia

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A

Disturbances in thought and language
Disturbances in perception and attention
Hallucinations: sensory experiences without sensory stimuli
Delusions: faulty beliefs not grounded in reality

21
Q

Dissociative Disorders

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A

no hallucinations… intact reality

22
Q

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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A

Positive (add/excess): hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, abnormal motor
Negative (removal/limited): withdrawal/reduced pleasure, decreased emotional response, decreased speech

23
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

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A

loss of memory with no physical cause
may lose memory for specific events or more globally including identity
Dissociative Fugue sometimes occurs as part of this: loss of memory and unexpected travel away from the home

24
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Study These Flashcards
A

Forming of multiple personalities (alters)
Alters can be either gender, any age, and have a wide range of physical differences

25
Personality Disorders
10% of people have personality disorders, these are the people who are difficult or hard to deal with 10 disorders in 3 categories Behaviors deviate in at least 2 of the following areas: cognition, emotional responses, interpersonal functioning, impulse control
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2 Most Dramatic Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality disorder Borderline Personality disorder
27
Antisocial personality disorder
manipulate violates the rights of others with no remorse, lie, cheat, steal to get what they want, formerly known as sociopaths and psychopaths hereditary and ACE's, 50% of prisoners, more men than women, conduct disorder in children
28
borderline personality disorder
erratic and unstable relationships, feelings of emptiness and abandonment, self destructive tendencies more women than men, ACE's and hereditary, Temperament and overprotective parenting
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Odd and/or Eccentric personality disorders
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
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Dramatic and/or Unpredictable
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
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Anxious and/or Fearful
avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive
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Eating Disorders
Anorexia Nervosa: severe disturbance in calorie intake, failure to maintain normal body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, distorted body image Bulimia Nervosa: binge eating and purging cycles, inability to control excessive eating, can cause significant physical problems Binge Eating: episodes of excessive food consumption, not about weight control
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Categories of treatment
psychotherapy, biomedical, group therapies/self help
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psychotherapy
A treatment approach in which a client works with a mental health professional to reduce psychological symptoms and improve his or her quality of life. The treatment of emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage understanding of problems and modifying feelings, behaviors, or relationships.
35
Types of Professionals
Psychiatrists - M.D. degree, specialize in psychiatry, prescribe medications – no real psychotherapy Psychologists - PhD or PsyD degree, therapy, testing, some medications in some states Counselors - MA degree Social Workers - MA degree Therapist - Generic term
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Psychoanalysis
Freud Non-directive Repressed feelings into consciousness Catharsis Free Association: Expression of content of consciousness with hopes of revealing unconscious content: one word/image spontaneously suggests another without apparent connection Interpretation: Therapists explains meaning of dreams, or makes connections between conscious and unconscious thoughts that arise during Free-Assoc. Resistance: Clients use of defense mechanisms that emerge from unconscious content coming to surface (unwillingness to grow and change) Transference: Client projects feelings about someone else onto the therapist: love, hostility, anger, adoration, etc.
37
Person-Centered Therapy
Carl Rogers Non Directive Empathy Unconditional Positive Regard Genuineness Active Listening Insight Therapy Positives: Notion of self-conflict and self-improvement..helps people believe they have the power to change! Negatives: Requires intelligent/verbal patients…time consuming Can treat most things..but can be a bit overly optimistic!
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Behavior therapies
systematic desensitization: exposure therapy, relaxation paired with fear hierarchy Aversive Conditioning (aversion): Antabuse (disulfiram) Token economy
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A ---> B ---> C---> D --->E
Activating event > belief > consequence > disputation > New effect Catastrophizing focus on the worst possible outcome of an event... minor setback will lead to disastrous consequence
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Cognitive Therapies
Albert Ellis (current beliefs not past events) Aaron Beck A ---> B ---> C---> D --->E Irrational Beliefs (Self Talk) Confronting Flawed Beliefs Cognitive Distortions Can’t always change your environment, but can learn to change your beliefs!
40
ECT
Electroconvulsive Therapy Electricity run through brain Under general anesthesia Small electrical currents < 1 min Triggers brief seizure Used exclusively in depression – for those not helped by drugs (TRD) Mania, Catatonia, Dementia Aggression Memory Loss a Concern
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