quiz 5

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

“The subjective state of being currently aware of something either within oneself or outside of oneself.” Being aware of your thoughts and/or the environment around you

Question 2

Content of Consciousness vs State of Consciousness

Answer 2

content: going on in the brain
state: perception (awareness)

Question 3

Automatic Processing

Answer 3

brain is constantly sifting through stimuli w/o conscious effort

Question 4

Controlled Processing

Answer 4

a mental process that requires conscious attention and effort, and is used to perform novel or difficult tasks

Question 5

Selective Attentiveness

Answer 5

narrow focus on select stimuli even though brain still monitors all stimuli

Question 6

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 6

hearing name mentioned at a
party/being able to concentrate on one conversation
at a party

Question 7

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 7

look without see

Question 8

Hypnosis

Answer 8

an altered state of consciousness allowing for changes in behaviors and perceptions which result from suggestions made by a hypnotist

Question 9

Hypnosis uses

Answer 9

management of pain, anxiety, fears, phobias, addictions, insomnia

Question 10

Theories on Hypnosis (role theory)

Answer 10

not an altered state of consciousness

Question 11

Theories on Hypnosis (state theory)

Answer 11

Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness. PET Scans show changes in the brain during hypnosis, especially areas responsible for processing sensory stimuli

Question 12

Posthypnotic Suggestion

Answer 12

to stop unwanted behavior

Question 13

Posthypnotic Amnesia

Answer 13

to forget trauma/phobias

Question 14

Circadian Rhythm “Circa Diem”

Answer 14

biological clock; 24 hour cycle of daylight/darkness impacts physiological and behavioral functioning… means about a day

Question 15

Stage 1 (Stages of Sleep)

Answer 15

beta waves; drowsy: alpha waves. non rapid eye movement (non-REM)

Question 16

Stage N1 (Stages of Sleep)

Answer 16

kind of awake/kind of asleep; lasts a few minutes; once per night theta waves

Question 17

Stage N2 (Stages of Sleep)

Answer 17

slightly deeper than N1; body temp drops/heart rates slows; theta waves with spindles (spikes) and k-complexes (waves)

Question 18

Stage N3 (Stages of Sleep)

Answer 18

slow wave sleep (Deep sleep); muscles relax/blood pressure & breathing rates drop; delta waves

Question 19

Stage R (Stages of Sleep)

Answer 19

goes back to N2 without waking, enter Stage R: rapid eye movement sleep (Dream Sleep); faster and shorter waves like beta waves

Question 20

Sleep Cycle

Answer 20

(Wake) + N1 + N2 + N3 + (N2) REM = 90 Minutes (times 4-6); cycles are not equally distributed: N3(deep sleep) heavy for first 2 cycles N3 vanishes; REM periods get longer through night; nearly half of the night is in N2

Question 21

90% of REM sleep is…

Answer 21

… dreaming time

Question 22

Dreams

Answer 22

are visual and auditory experiences that our minds create during sleep

Question 23

Nightmares

Answer 23

During REM sleep; daytime stress, anxiety, and emotional difficulties are often associated

Question 24

Sigmund Freuds Theory

Answer 24

“royal road to the unconscious,” manifest content vs latent content

Question 25

Information processing Theory

Answer 25

process information which is critical to survival; lots of daily stimulation -dreaming allows us to decide what to keep

Question 26

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 26

neurons in pons fire at random; higher brain centers struggle to make sense of the messages being sent; dreams have no real meaning; brain imaging technique shows the limbic system VERY active during dreaming

Question 27

Extension of Waking Life Theory

Answer 27

what people dream about is very similar to what people do in their everyday life; pre-sleep moments may greatly influence what we dream

Question 28

Why Do We Sleep

Answer 28

Restorative (Body/Brain Repair) Evolutionary (Survival) Consolidation (Memories & Learning)

Question 29

Sleep Disorders

Answer 29

insomnia, somnambulism, (sleepwalking), Narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorders, sleep terrors, sleep apnea

Question 30

Sleep Disorders by Category

Answer 30

parasomnias: sleep terrors, sleep walking, nightmare disorders, sleep paralysis, bedwetting; dyssomnias: insomnia, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea

Question 31

Impact of Sleep Loss

Answer 31

fatigue, impaired concentration, depressed immunity; vulnerable to: anxiety, weight gain, accidents, heart disease, dementia, etc.

Question 32

3 Classifications of Psychoactive Drugs and How they Impact Consciousness

Answer 32

depressants – slow down the function of the central nervous system. hallucinogens – affect your senses and change the way you see, hear, taste, smell or feel things. stimulants – speed up the function of the central nervous system.

Question 33

Two Types of Dependence

Answer 33

Psychological dependence craving is indicated when theres a distinction between tolerance and withdrawal, while physiological dependence is when the body cant function properly without the drug

Question 34

Withdrawal

Answer 34

If someone is physiologically dependent on drugs and begins the process of quitting, they are likely to suffer the effects of this

Question 35

Tolerance

Answer 35

Persistent use of drugs alters the chemistry of the brain/body. Needing increasing amounts of the drug to obtain the same effect is called this