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PNB 2774 > QUIZ 7- Intro > Flashcards

QUIZ 7- Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Operational Design Conditions

A

CNS must have hierarchal organization (top down)
CNS must have structural and functional stratification (neurons controlling same process must be in the same space)
CNS must demonstrate plasticity (must change because human body is not static)

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2
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal chord physically separate from PNS by Blood brain barrier (BBB)

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3
Q

afferent

A

inward axonal projections

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4
Q

efferent

A

outward axonal projections

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5
Q

CNS composition

A

10% neurons (50% of volume)
90% neuroglia (50% of volume)

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6
Q

nuclei/ganglia

A

collection of neuronal cell bodies with the same function in the same physical space

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7
Q

tunneling nanotubes

A

membrane projections connecting neurons

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8
Q

gray matter

A

neuronal cell bodies

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9
Q

white matter

A

axonal projections

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10
Q

ganglia

A

collection of neurons with the same function in the same physical space outside the CNS

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11
Q

circuits

A

anatomical and functional connections between neurons

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12
Q

multipolar neurons

A

common CNS neuron with single axon, short dendrites

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13
Q

pyramidal neurons

A

common, largest CNS neurons, multiple long axons

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14
Q

neuroglia

A

non-neuronal cells within CNS

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15
Q

Critical Concepts

A

diffusion moves small particles
structure dictates function
to function CNS needs chemical isolation from rest of body
CNS needs separation from blood

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16
Q

3 Meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

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17
Q

Dura Mater

A

“tough mother”
two fibrous layers
space between layers filled with blood/lymphatic vessels and ECF
subdural space
dural venous sinus

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18
Q

subdural space

A

between the dura and arachnoid space

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19
Q

dural venous sinus

A

drainage system allowing CSF to re-enter blood

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20
Q

Subdural Hematoma

A

physical trauma leads to bleeds onto brain surface
increased fluid pressure leads to neuronal cell damage

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21
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

“spider-like mother”
epithelial cell layer that doesnt follow the brains underlying sulci or gyri
subarachnoid space
arachnoid villi

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22
Q

sulci

A

furrow

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23
Q

gyri

A

smaller ridge/cleft

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24
Q

subarachnoid space

A

between dura and pia mater

25
arachnoid villi
move through venous sinuses allowing CSF to exit subarachnoid space
26
Pia Mater
"gentle mother" directly on surface of brain accompanies branches of cerebral blood vessels coverage and protection of CNS tissue, blood vessels containing CSF
27
meningitis
viral/bacterial infection leading to inflammation of pia mater causes severe headaches highly infectious
28
vascularization
constant 15-20% of cardiac output internal carotid and vertebral arteries internal jugular vein
29
anastomose
fusion of blood vessels
30
circle of Willis
alternative paths for blood flow ensures blood supply
31
Brain Interstitial system
fluid-filled space between neurons and capillaries immediate environment surrounding neurons originates from cerebral spinal fluid and blood vessels
32
BBB composition
capillary endothelial cells basal lamina astrocytic endfeet (control point) pericytes (angiogenesis)
33
BBB features
highly selective permeability limited paracellular path control of Interstitial space
34
Neurovascular unit composition
capillary endothelial cells pericytes astrocytes, microglia neurons
35
Neurovascular unit function
regulation of blood flow and BBB
36
Blood Brain Barrier
limited transport capacity carrier-mediated=selective and saturable receptor-mediated=binding and internalization hydrophobic compounds are diffusion limited water-soluble compounds do not diffuse through
37
CSF access
hydrophobic diffusion- very fast consequences: hydrophilic drugs have limited access- bacterial infections are rare
38
ISF VS Plasma
slightly lower pH from elevated CO2 lower protein content lower buffering capacity lower glucose content lower K+ H30+
39
CSF location
around and within CNS
40
CSF function
source of solutes and water for ISF buoyancy of brain protection against trauma ISF functional stability removal waste product
41
CSF production
via ependymal cells lining ventricles- fluid-filled spaces
42
Ependymal cells
line ventricles to form choroid plexus with capillaries selection and movement of CSF
43
CSF circulatory path
flows through brain and spinal chord and exits back into blood supply
44
CSF composition
more like ISF than plasma CSF and ISF have similar ion concentrations
45
Neuroglia Roles
surround support insulation housekeeping development synaptic transmission
46
surround
keep neurons in proper place
47
support
nutrients and O2
48
insulation
prevent axons from touching
49
housekeeping
remove pathogens and dead cells
50
development
axonal migration during fetal development
51
synaptic transmission
NT removal, neuromodulators
52
Neuroglia is made up of
oligodendrocytes astrocytes microglia radial glia
53
oligodendrocytes
CNS myelin production regulate axonal growth
54
cerebral palsy
loss of CNS oligodendrocytes
55
Astrocytes
most abundant, with multiple types provide surface coverage; limiting solute movement into ISF part of BBB regulation of CSF content
56
microglia
specialized microphages removal of debris, damages cells, foreign substances
57
Radial glia
scaffolding in which new neurons migrate
58
meninges
multiple connective tissue layer that covers the CNS

PNB 2774 (17 decks)

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