QUIZ I

Question 1

the buttock, extends from the posterior iliac crest to the gluteal fold

Answer 1

gluteal region

Question 2

anterolateral from inguinal ligament to the inferior extent of the hip joint

Answer 2

hip region/coaxal region

Question 3

from the inferior aspect of the pelvis (inguinal ligament and gluteal fold) to the
knee region

has anterior, posterior and medial regions

Answer 3

thigh region/femoral region

Question 4

between thigh and leg regions

has anterior and posterior regions

Answer 4

knee region/genus region

Question 5

from the knee to the ankle

has anterior, posterior and lateral regions

Answer 5

Leg region/ Crus region

Question 6

the rounded (shapely) part at the proximal posterior leg region

Answer 6

calf region/sural region

Question 7

between the leg and the foot

includes the medial and lateral malleoli

Answer 7

ankle region/talus region

Question 8

the calf region is part of what other region?

Answer 8

Leg region

Question 9

what regions comprise the foot region?

Answer 9

dorsal region
plantar region
calcaneal region

Question 10

name this region of the foot?

the superior part or dorsum of the foot

Answer 10

dorsal region of the foot

Question 11

name this region of the foot?

the inferior part or planta of the foot

is divided into medial, lateral and central regions

Answer 11

plantar regions

Question 12

name this region of the foot?

the heel; medially, laterally, plantarly

Answer 12

calcaneal region

Question 13

name this surface:

the front side of a part, except the foot

Answer 13

Anterior Surface / Ventral Surface

Question 14

name this surface:

the back side of a part, except the foot

Answer 14

Posterior Surface / Dorsal Surface

Question 15

name this surface:

the inner side of a part, toward body’s midline

Answer 15

Medial Surface

Question 16

name this surface:

the outer side of a part, opposite body’s midline

Answer 16

Lateral Surface

Question 17

name this surface:

the surface over the flexor muscles

ex. the flexor surface of the leg is the posterior surface of the leg (opposite for
the upper limb, due to limb rotations in embryonic period)

Answer 17

Flexor Surface

Question 18

name this surface:

the surface over the extensor muscles

ex. the extensor surface of the thigh is the anterior surface of the thigh (opposite for the upper limb, due to limb rotations of embryo)

Answer 18

Extensor Surface

Question 19

name this surface:

the surface over the adductor muscles

ex. the adductor surface of the thigh is the medial surface of the thigh

Answer 19

Adductor Surface

Question 20

name this surface:

the surface generally over the abductor muscles

ex. the abductor surface of the thigh is the lateral surface of the thigh

Answer 20

Abductor Surface

Question 21

name this surface:

the anterior surface of the knee region, over the patella

Answer 21

Patellar Surface

Question 22

name this surface:

the posterior surface of the knee region

Answer 22

Popliteal Surface

Question 23

name this surface:

the surface over the medial malleolus of the tibia at the ankle region

Answer 23

medial malleolar surface

Question 24

name this surface:

the surface over the lateral malleolus of the fibula at the ankle region

Answer 24

lateral malleolar surface

Question 25

name this surface: the superior/dorsal surface of the foot

Answer 25

dorsal surface of the foot

Question 26

name this surface: the inferior surface or sole of the foot

Answer 26

plantar surface of the foot

Question 27

name this anatomic position? one in which the body is standing erect with the toes and palms facing anterior

Answer 27

anatomic position

Question 28

name this anatomic position? the torso is slightly slouched; the toes are often directed slightly lateral and the palms are facing medially

Answer 28

relaxed standing

Question 29

toward the head The knee is superior to the ankle.

Answer 29

Superior, Cephalic, Cranial

Question 30

away from the head The foot is inferior to the ankle

Answer 30

Inferior, Caudal

Question 31

toward the front side ventral term is usually reserved for embryology The patellar surface is anterior to the popliteal surface

Answer 31

Anterior, Ventral

Question 32

toward the back side dorsal term is usually reserved for embryology, except when referring to the foot’s dorsum The popliteal region is posterior to the patellar region

Answer 32

Posterior, Dorsal

Question 33

closer to the midline (central line) of the body or body part The hallux (great toe) is medial to the 5th pedal digit

Answer 33

Medial

Question 34

farther from the midline of the body or body part The 4th pedal digit is lateral to the hallux

Answer 34

Lateral

Question 35

between 2 structures The ankle is intermediate to the leg and foot.

Answer 35

Intermediate

Question 36

on the same side of the body The right forearm is ipsilateral to the right lower limb. most often used in neurology

Answer 36

Ipsilateral

Question 37

on the opposite side of the body The left arm is contralateral to the right thigh. most often used in neurology

Answer 37

Contralateral

Question 38

closer to the origin/main structure The thigh is proximal to the leg

Answer 38

Proximal

Question 39

farther from the origin/main structure The foot is distal to the knee.

Answer 39

Distal

Question 40

closer to the surface Skin is superficial to bone.

Answer 40

Superficial

Question 41

farther from the surface, closer to the center Muscles are deep to skin

Answer 41

Deep

Question 42

decreasing the angle between body parts, generally usually an anterior direction except at the knee and more distal joints where it is a posterior direction

Answer 42

flexion

Question 43

extension beyond the anatomic position occurs normally at the neck, wrist, hip, ankle and MTP joints; The term is not usually used for hip, ankle or MTP joints as excessive motion at these joint is not considered normal

Answer 43

hyperextension

Question 44

moving a part away from the body’s midline

Answer 44

abduction

Question 45

moving a part toward the midline of the body

Answer 45

adduction

Question 46

moving around the long axis of a part occurs primarily at the hip and shoulder joints

Answer 46

rotation

Question 47

anterior surface of the part moves toward the body's midline

Answer 47

Medial Rotation / Internal Rotation

Question 48

anterior surface of the part moves away from the body's midline

Answer 48

Lateral Rotation / External Rotation

Question 49

movement of a part in a circular pattern combines flexion and extension with abduction and adduction; movements must occur in alternating sequence (flexion-adduction-extension-abduction)

Answer 49

circumduction

Question 50

moving the sole of the foot away from the body’s midline

Answer 50

Eversion

Question 51

moving the sole of the foot toward the body’s midline

Answer 51

Inversion

Question 52

extension of the ankle joint or joints distal to the ankle joint bringing the dorsum of the foot closer to the anterior surface of the leg

Answer 52

Dorsiflexion

Question 53

flexion of the ankle joint or joints distal to the ankle joint moving the dorsum of the foot farther from the anterior surface of the leg

Answer 53

Plantar Flexion

Question 54

combination of plantar flexion, adduction and inversion of the foot motion occurs at the functional subtalar joint and the midtarsal joint

Answer 54

supination

Question 55

combination of dorsiflexion, abduction and eversion of the foot motion occurs at the functional subtalar joint and the midtarsal joint

Answer 55

Pronation

Question 56

name the examples of imaging studies?

Answer 56

Plain film radiographs, musculoskeletal ultrasound, computed tomography scans (CT /CAT), magnetic resonance images (MRI)

Question 57

what is this body plane? divide the body or body parts into anterior and posterior sections

Answer 57

Frontal Planes / Coronal Planes

Question 58

what is this body plane? divide the body or body parts into superior and inferior sections

Answer 58

Transverse Planes

Question 59

what is this body plane? divide the body or body parts into right and left sections

Answer 59

Sagittal Planes

Question 60

what is this body plane? divides into equal right and left halves

Answer 60

Midsagittal Plane / Median Sagittal Plane

Question 61

what is this body plane? any sagittal plane except the midsagittal plane

Answer 61

Parasagittal Plane

Question 62

what is this body plane? that plane which divides the body into equal parts

Answer 62

Cardinal Body Planes

Question 63

what is this body plane? the midsagittal plane in equal parts

Answer 63

Cardinal Sagittal Plane

Question 64

what is this body plane? divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves

Answer 64

Cardinal Frontal Plane / Cardinal Coronal Plane

Question 65

what is this body plane? divides the body into equal superior and inferior halves

Answer 65

Cardinal Transverse Plane

Question 66

this is where two bones meet?

Answer 66

joints and articulations

Question 67

the study of joints?

Answer 67

Arthrology

Question 68

this type of classification is based on the amount of movement available at a joint?

Answer 68

functional

Question 69

an immovable joint, ex. sutures of the skull

Answer 69

Synarthrosis

Question 70

a slightly movable joint. Most amphiarthoses are cartilaginous, ex. symphysis pubis

Answer 70

Amphiarthrosis

Question 71

a freely movable joint. All diarthroses are synovial. Primarily these in lower limb, ex. hip joint

Answer 71

Diarthrosis

Question 72

this type of classification is based on the material that unites the bone ends

Answer 72

structural

Question 73

united by fibrous tissue

Answer 73

fibrous

Question 74

what are the examples of fibrous structures?

Answer 74

sutures of the skull gomphosis syndesmosis

Question 75

what type of fibrous structure are the sutures of the skull? gomphosis? syndesmosis?

Answer 75

functional synarthroses functional synarthroses functional amphiarthroses

Question 76

these structures are untied by cartilage?

Answer 76

cartilaginous

Question 77

- united by hyaline cartilage - temporary joints ex. Epiphyseal (growth) plates - functional synarthroses

Answer 77

Primary Cartilaginous Joints

Question 78

- united by fibrocartilage - permanent joints ex. intervertebral discs or symphysis pubis - functional amphiarthroses

Answer 78

Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

Question 79

primary joint type in lower limb?

Answer 79

synovial

Question 80

what are the five components of the synovial joints? what are all synovial joints?

Answer 80

``` articular capsule/fibrous joint capsule articular cartilage synovial membrane synovial fluid joint cavity ``` functional diarthroses

Question 81

bone ends are both flat surfaces allow gliding movements only, no rotation ex. intertarsal joints (midfoot and rearfoot), intercarpal joints

Answer 81

Plane/Planar/Gliding

Question 82

complex surface shapes that may involve more than 2 bones allow movement in one plane; flexion and extension ex. ankle joint, interphalangeal joints (fingers or toes)

Answer 82

Hinge/Ginglymus

Question 83

1 rounded, ball-like projection and 1 shallow saucer-like surface allow movement in two planes; flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction ex. metatarsophalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 83

Condyloid/Ellipsoid

Question 84

2 saddle shaped surfaces allow movement in two planes; flexion and extension or abduction and adduction (not both at the same time) have a small amount of rotation due to joint surface shapes ex. calcaneocuboid joint

Answer 84

Saddle/Sellar

Question 85

2 large rounded projections contacting 2 saucer-like areas allow movement primarily in one plane with a small amount of rotation ex. knee joint

Answer 85

Bicondylar

Question 86

1 large rounded, ball-like projection and 1 cup-like depression allow movements in three planes have all movements - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, internal rotation and external rotation ex. hip joint

Answer 86

ball and socket/sphenoid

Question 87

the study of bone

Answer 87

osteology

Question 88

dense connective tissue that connects bone to bone often blends with articular capsules

Answer 88

Ligament

Question 89

- very solid - appears white on plain film radiographs due to closely packed cells - provides strength to the bone

Answer 89

Compact, cortical or dense

Question 90

- appears as thin interlaced plates on plain film radiographs due to loosely packed cells - has good blood supply for rapid healing

Answer 90

Cancellous, trabecular or spongy

Question 91

the "plates" or lattice pieces of the bone

Answer 91

Trabeculae

Question 92

part of the axial skeleton | - includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, sternum and manubrium

Answer 92

Axial Bones

Question 93

part of the appendicular skeleton/limbs (upper and lower)

Answer 93

Appendicular Bones

Question 94

``` pectoral girdle (scapula and clavicle), humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus, and manual phalanges ```

Answer 94

Upper Limb

Question 95

pelvic girdle (os coxa), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus (greater and lesser), metatarsus, and pedal phalanges (in the toes)

Answer 95

Lower Limb

Question 96

- increasing the angle between body parts, generally - usually a posterior direction except at the knee and more distal joints where it is an anterior direction

Answer 96

extension