RAD THERA - FINALS L4

Question 1

It pertains to all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that a product or service will satisfy the given requirements for quality.

Answer 1

Quality Assurance

Question 2

This is collectively all procedures that ensure consistency of the medical prescription, and safe fulfillment as regards to the dose to the target volume

Answer 2

Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE

Quality Assurance in radiotherapy is concerned with all aspect of the radiotherapy process and should involve all groups of staff in a cooperative approach, since quality activities are interdependent.

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

It pertains to the regulatory process through which the actual quality performance is measured, compared with existing standards, and the actions necessary to keep or regain conformance with standards

Answer 4

Quality Control

Question 4

Which of the following is the set of accepted criteria against which the quality of activity in question can be assessed ?

A. Quality Assurance

B. Quality Control

C. Quality Assurance and Quality Control

D. Calibration

Answer 4

A. Quality Assurance

Question 5

What are the three (3) organizations that have issued recommendations for standards in radiotherapy ?

Answer 5

1. World Health Organization (1988)
2. European Society for Therapeutic Radiation Oncology (ESTRO - 1995)
3. Clinical Oncology Information Network (COIN - 1999)

Question 6

What is the other organization that has issued recommendations for certain parts of the radiotherapy process

Answer 6

Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM - 1999)

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE

QA improves treatment outcomes by reducing dosimetry, treatment
planning equipment performance, treatment delivery, etc., thereby improving dosimetric and geometric accuracy and the
precision of dose delivery.

Answer 7

FALSE

QA improves treatment outcomes by REDUCING UNCERTAINTIES AND ERRORS in dosimetry, treatment planning equipment performance, treatment delivery, etc., thereby improving dosimetric and geometric accuracy and the
precision of dose delivery.

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE

QA increases the probability that accidents and errors occurring will be recognized and rectified sooner if they do occur.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

QA allows a ________ _______ of results among different radiotherapy centers, ensuring a more uniform and accurate dosimetry and treatment delivery.

Answer 9

Reliable Intercomparison

Question 10

ALARA stands for ________

Answer 10

As Low As Reasonably Achievable

Question 11

PTV is known as _________

Answer 11

Planning Treatment Volume

Question 11

What are the two fold risks for the patient during treatment of disease with RT ?

Answer 11

1. Potential Failure to Control the Initial Disease
2. Risk to Normal Tissue from Increased Exposure to Radiation

Question 12

The Criteria for classifying radiological accidents include (4):

Answer 12

1. Direct Causes of Misadministration
2. Contributing Factors
3. Preventability of Misadministration
4. Classification of the Potential Hazard

Question 13

These may occur at any stage of the process and be made by every staff group involved.

Answer 13

Errors

Question 13

The following are General Human Causes of Errors in RT EXCEPT:

A. Complacency
B. Inattention
C. Lack of Resources
D. Overheating

Answer 13

D. Overheating

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE

QA roles are independent requiring little to no cooperation

Answer 14

FALSE

QA roles are INTERDEPENDENT requiring CLOSE COOPERATION.

Question 15

Identify the RT Team Member:

Consultation, Dose Prescription, On-treatment supervision and eval, treatment summary reports, and follow-up monitoring

Answer 15

Radiation Oncologists

Question 16

Identify the RT Team Member:

Specification, acceptance, commissioning, calibration and quality
assurance of all radiotherapy equipment

Answer 16

Medical Physicists

Question 17

Identify the RT Team Member:

Clinical operation of simulators, CT scanners, treatment units, accurate patient set-up and delivery of a planned course of
radiotherapy prescribed by a radiation oncologist

Answer 17

Radiotherapy Technologists

Question 18

Identify the RT Team Member:

Have specialized expertise in the electrical and mechanical maintenance of radiotherapy equipment. Their services may be in
house or via a service contract for equipment maintenance.

Answer 18

Biomedical Engineers / Technologists

Question 19

It is the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes, and resources required for implementing quality management

Answer 19

Quality System

Question 20

A Quality System requires the development of a __________ QA programme that details the QA polices and procedures, QC tests, frequencies, tolerances, action criteria, required records and personnel

Answer 20

Formal Written

Question 21

This must be appointed by the
department management/head of department with the authority to manage quality assurance

Answer 21

Quality Assurance Committee

Question 22

Quality Systems may be formally accredited (e.g to _______)

Answer 22

ISO 9000