RAD THERA - PRELIM L3

Question 1

Anything that occupies space and mass

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

All matters are composed of small indivisible pieces called ______

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

What are the three (3) states/phases of Matter ?

Answer 3

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas

Question 4

These pertain to the smallest particle of a chemical compound that retains all the chemical characteristics of that compound

Answer 4

Molecules

Question 4

Molecules can have as few as ______ atoms or many hundreds of atoms

Answer 4

Two

Question 5

There are over ______ different types of atoms called ______

Answer 5

1. 100
2. Elements

Question 6

Combination of many elements to form different and larger stuff

Answer 6

Compound

Question 7

What are the five (5) renowned Atomic Models recognized in Radiotherapy ?

Answer 7

1. Medieval Atom
2. Dalton’s Hook-and-Eye Model
3. Thompson’s Plum-Pudding Model
4. Bohr’s Miniature Solar System Model
5. Schrodinger’s Cloud Model

Question 7

The ancient Greeks envisioned four (4) different atoms representing:

Answer 7

1. Air
2. Fire
3. Earth
4. Water

Question 7

In Thompson’s Plum-pudding Model, the plums represent ________

Answer 7

Electrons

Question 7

Bohr’s Miniature Solar System Model was an improvement of __________

Answer 7

Rutherford’s Nuclear Model

Question 7

Which among the following atomic models is the conventionally followed model in radiotherapy/physics ?

A. Hook-and-Eye Model

B. Plum-Pudding Model

C. Nuclear Model

D. Miniature Solar System Model

E. Cloud Model

Answer 7

D. Miniature Solar System Model

Question 8

This atomic model states that an electron does not travel in an exact orbit

Answer 8

Schrodinger’s Cloud Model

Question 9

It is the central core of an atom where most of its mass is located

Answer 9

Nucleus

Question 10

The three (3) fundamental blocks of the atomic structure include:

Answer 10

1. Electrons
2. Protons
3. Neutrons

Question 11

The Radius of Electronic Orbits is ________

Answer 11

10^-10 m

Question 12

These are tiny and very light particles that move around the nucleus

Fill in the blanks:
Relative Mass =
Mass =
Relative Electric Charge =
AMU =
MeV =

Answer 12

Electrons

Relative Mass = 1
Mass = 9.11 x 10^-31 kg
Relative Electric Charge = -1
AMU = 0.000549
MeV = 0.511

Question 13

These are much larger and heavier than electrons and are located in the nucleus of atoms

Fill in the blanks:
Relative Mass =
Mass =
Relative Electric Charge =
AMU =
MeV =

Answer 13

Protons

Relative Mass = 1.836
Mass = 1.673 x 10^-27
Relative Electric Charge = +1
AMU = 1.00728
MeV = 938.2

Question 14

These are large and heavy with no electrical charge and are located in the nucleus of an atom

Fill in the blanks:
Relative Mass =
Mass =
Relative Electric Charge =
AMU =
MeV =

Answer 14

Neutrons

Relative Mass = 1.838
Mass = 1.675 x 10^27
Relative Electric Charge = 0
AMU = 1.00867
MeV = 939.5

Question 15

In the Atomic Structure, the following are represented by:

Atomic Number =
Atomic Mass Number =

Answer 15

Atomic Number = Z
Atomic Mass Number = A

Question 16

This pertains to the number of protons in the nucleus

Answer 16

Atomic Number (Z)

Question 17

The Atomic Number is derived with what formula:

Answer 17

Z = A-N

Question 18

Atomic Mass Number is obtained with the formula:

Answer 18

A = Z + N

Question 18

This is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

Answer 18

Atomic Mass Number

Question 19

Neutron is obtained with what formula:

Answer 19

N = A - Z

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE By theory, the Atomic Number (Z) is equal to the number of Electrons

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

The way in which electrons are arranged in an atom

Answer 21

Electron Arrangement

Question 22

It is the pathway followed by electrons around an atom's nucleus

Answer 22

Shell

Question 23

The lowest energy level in an electron arrangement can only hold a maximum of _______ electrons

Answer 23

Two (2)

Question 24

It is the formula used to determine the maximum number of electrons per shell or orbit BONUS Q: How is this formula written ?

Answer 24

Pauli's Exclusion Formula 2n^2

Question 25

Fill in the following shells with their respective maximum number of electrons: K = L = M = N = O = P =

Answer 25

K = 2 L = 8 M = 18 N = 32 O = 50 P = 72

Question 26

The Electron Binding Energy is measured in ________

Answer 26

Electron Volt (eV)

Question 27

However, the maximum number of electrons that any shell can hold is ______

Answer 27

32

Question 28

It is the minimum energy that is required to remove an electron from an atom

Answer 28

Electron Binding Energy

Question 29

1 eV = ________

Answer 29

1.6x10^-19 J

Question 30

Electron Volt is also the most common unit of energy used to describe ________

Answer 30

Radiation

Question 31

1 kEv = _______ ______= 1,000,000 eV

Answer 31

1. 1,000 eV 2. 1 MeV

Question 32

The magnitude of the electron binding energy is _______ to the Atomic Number (Z)

Answer 32

Directly Proportional

Question 33

An electron can only be removed from an atom if the applied energy is lesser than its electron binding energy. Vacancies made by ejected inner shell electrons will be filled by electrons from an outer shell. A. Statement 1 is Correct, Statement 2 is Incorrect B. Statement 1 is Incorrect, Statement 2 is Correct C. Both Statements Are Correct D. None of the Statements are Correct

Answer 33

B. Statement 1 is Incorrect, Statement 2 is Correct

Question 34

Excess energy from electron occupation of vacancies is called as _________

Answer 34

Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 35

Emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material/medium

Answer 35

Radiation

Question 36

Radiation can either be ______ or ________

Answer 36

Ionizing or Non-ionizing

Question 37

This consists of photons that have energy but no mass or charge

Answer 37

Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 38

This consists of particles that have mass and energy and may or may not have an electric charge

Answer 38

Particulate Radiation

Question 39

These are high energy EM radiation coming from the atomic electrons

Answer 39

X-rays

Question 40

These are photons coming from inside the nucleus

Answer 40

Gamma Rays

Question 41

The individual arrangement of protons and neutrons

Answer 41

Nuclide

Question 42

These are nuclides with the same number of protons

Answer 42

Isotopes

Question 43

Nuclides with the same number of neutrons and different Z & A

Answer 43

Isotones

Question 44

Nuclides with the same atomic mass number but different atomic numbers

Answer 44

Isobars

Question 45

These are atoms of the same atomic number and atomic mass number but different energy (ground) states

Answer 45

Isomers